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Os coletivos da Covid-19
No full textAo estudar um fenômeno que atinge a população de diversos continentes, cuidamos de coletivo de pessoas. A pandemia que assola a humanidade é pouco conhecida. Buscando entendê-la, aparecem outros coletivos no discurso: coletivo do pensamento, aglomeração, rede, teste, UTI, rebanho, comboio. Na análise desses coletivos, buscamos elucidar controvérsias. Na formulação de políticas inovadoras em saúde, aproveitamos textos próprios, de análise de epidemias anteriores. Pelo limitado conhecimento da História Natural da Covid-19, têm relevância os “procedimentos não farmacológicos”, ligados ao comportamento das pessoas. Não bastasse o rigor da invasão epidêmica do
vírus, sofremos uma invasão léxica inédita: achatamento de curvas, distanciamento social e etiqueta respiratória. Principais controvérsias: a disputa pela cloroquina, com populistas em ação e o equivocado uso da Herd Immunity como objetivo a alcançar, e milhões de óbitos.By studying a phenomenon that affects the population of several continents, we care for people collectively. The pandemic that plagues humanity is barely known. Seeking to understand it, other collectives appear in the discourse: a collective of thought, agglomeration, network, testing, ICU, herd, convoy. By analyzing these collectives, we seek to elucidate controversies; in the formulation of innovative health policies, we resort to our own texts that analyze previous epidemics. Due to the limited knowledge of the natural history of covid-19, "non-pharmacological procedures" associated with people's behavior are relevant. As if the rigor of the virus' epidemic invasion was enough, we also suffered an unprecedented lexical invasion: flattening of curve, social distancing and breathing etiquette. The main controversies: the chloroquine dispute, with populists in action and the mistaken use of herd immunity as a goal to achieve, and millions of deaths
Cryptorchidism in Children with Zika-Related Microcephaly
No full textThe genitourinary tract was recently identified as a potential site of complications related to the congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). We provide the first report of a series of cryptorchidism cases in 3-year-old children with Zikarelated microcephaly who underwent consultations between October 2018 and April 2019 as part of the follow-up of the children cohort of the Microcephaly Epidemic Research Group, Pernambuco, Brazil. Of the 22 males examined, eight (36.4%) presented with cryptorchidism. Among 14 undescended testis cases, 11 (78.6%) could be palpated in the inguinal region. Seven of the eight children had severe microcephaly. Conventional risk factors for cryptorchidism were relatively infrequent in these children.Wehypothesize that cryptorchidism is an additional manifestation ofCZSpresent in children with severe microcephaly. As in our cases, for most of the children, the testes were located in the inguinal region, and the possible mechanisms for cryptorchidism were gubernaculum disturbance or cremasteric abnormality
Detection of Yellow Fever Virus by Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qPCR)
No full textThis study was funded by grants from FAPERJ (CNE E-26/ 202.931/2015) and PAEF/IOC-Fiocruz/CNPq
(25030.000379/2015-16). C. Britto is a research fellow of CNPq (305589/2015-6). The authors thank the Program for Technological Development in Tools for Health (PDTIS-Fiocruz), Bio-Manguinhos for real-time PCR and DNA sequencing platform facilities, and Heloisa Maria Nogueira Diniz from the Production and Image Processing Service of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute, for preparing the figures.The recent resurgence of yellow fever virus (YFV) activity in the tropical regions of Africa and South America has sparked renewed interest in this infamous arboviral disease. Also, the development and production of viral vaccines involve several steps that need the monitoring of viral load throughout the process (antigen production, purification, and inactivation). Currently, these steps are followed by plaque lysis titration assay, whose results take about 7–10 days to come out and thus resulting in a laborious and time-consuming approach. With the advent of quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), we have a faster method to be applied during vaccine production and also to be effectively used for the diagnosis of YFV infection.
The technique herein standardized proved to be effective for determining YF viral load both in vivo and in vitro, thus becoming a very important tool for laboratory analysis to verify the vaccination status of individuals, beyond acting as a quality control for vaccine production and diagnosis
Conexão Fiocruz Brasília: o que os jovens querem saber sobre o novo Coronavírus?
No full text5 º Conexão Fiocruz Brasília foi exibido ao vivo no site e nas redes sociais da Fiocruz Brasília no dia 23 de abril de 2020.O que os jovens querem saber sobre o novo coronavírus? Como lidar com questões relacionadas à saúde mental decorrentes do isolamento social e da pandemia? De que forma os adolescentes podem contribuir para que a doença não se espalhe em suas comunidades? Como identificar fake news e buscar informações de qualidade? Em uma iniciativa inédita, o Conexão Fiocruz Brasília realizou uma edição especial para a comunidade escolar no dia 23 de abril de 2020, com o objetivo de informar pais, professores e estudantes da educação básica. O debate contou com a presença de Debora Noal, pesquisadora do Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas em Emergências e Desastres em Saúde (Cepedes), Luciana Sepúlveda Köptcke, pesquisadora e diretora da Escola Fiocruz de Governo da Fiocruz Brasília, Bélin Mezzono, pesquisadora e Bióloga e Cláudio Maierovitch, pesquisador da Fiocruz Brasília e médico sanitarista; mediador do debate Wagner Vasconcelos, pesquisador e coordenador da Assessoria de Comunicação da Fiocruz Brasília
Covid-19: Ao chegar em casa ou trabalho
No full textA Fiocruz tem produzido uma série de materiais informativos sobre a pandemia da doença pelo SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19). A reprodução do material é livre e gratuita. Baixe e compartilhe informação correta e de qualidade
Increased platelet distribution width and reduced IL-2 and IL-12 are associated with thrombocytopenia in Plasmodium vivax malaria
No full textBACKGROUND: Thrombocytopenia in malaria involves platelet destruction and consumption; however, the cellular response underlying this phenomenon has still not been elucidated.
OBJECTIVE: To find associations between platelet indices and unbalanced Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines as a response to thrombocytopenia in Plasmodium vivax infected (Pv-MAL) patients.
METHODS: Platelet counts and quantification of Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokine levels were compared in 77 patients with uncomplicated P. vivax malaria and 37 healthy donors from the same area (endemic control group - ENCG).
FINDINGS: Thrombocytopenia was the main manifestation in 55 patients, but was not associated with parasitaemia. The Pv-MAL patients showed increases in the mean platelet volume (MPV), which may be consistent with larger or megaplatelets. Contrary to the findings regarding the endemic control group, MPV and platelet distribution width (PDW) did not show an inverse correlation, due the increase in the heterogeneity of platelet width. In addition, the Pv-MAL patients presented increased IL-1β and reduced IL-12p70 and IL-2 serum concentrations. Furthermore, the reduction of these cytokines was associated with PDW values.
MAIN CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrate that an increase in MPV and the association between reductions of IL-2 and IL-12 and PDW values may be an immune response to thrombocytopenia in uncomplicated P. vivax malaria
Coronavírus: como enfrentar a epidemia?
No full textNesta série de vídeos o Dr. Estevão Portela Nunes (vice-diretor de serviços clínicos do Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas - INI / Fiocruz) dialoga com o Proqualis sobre a a pandemia do novo coronavírus que atingiu o mundo em 2020. Os temas tratado por ele foram: Coronavírus como enfrentar a epidemia; Identificação do novo vírus; Plano de contenção inicial; Prevenção contra o coronavírus e outras epidemias; Riscos para profissionais de saúde
Podcast Viralizados: por quanto tempo o virus da Covid-19 é transmissível?
No full textPodcast publicado em 28 de março de 2020 pela Fiocruz Brasília.Por quanto tempo o virus da Covid-19 é transmissível? O médico epidemiologista e pesquisador Cláudio Maierovitch, da Fiocruz Brasília, responde. O Viralizados é uma produção da Fiocruz Brasília sobre temas que estão em destaque na mídia e na sociedade
Desastres tecnológicos y emergencias de salud pública: el caso del derrame de petróleo crudo en la costa brasileña
No full textNo final de agosto de 2019, manchas de óleo começaram a ser detectadas no litoral do Nordeste do Brasil. Essas manchas, que posteriormente foram identificadas como óleo bruto/petróleo, até o presente momento, têm origem presumida de derramamento de algum navio em trânsito pela costa brasileira. As primeiras ocorrências foram registradas nos estados de Pernambuco e Paraíba, até o final de novembro já haviam alcançado todos os estados da região, compreendendo mais de 400 localidades e, posteriormente, atingiram o Espírito Santo e o litoral norte do Rio de Janeiro. Portanto, é um evento de enorme extensão geográfica, gerando graves danos ambientais e impactando as condições de subsistência de inúmeros grupos populacionais que dependem da pesca e do turismo.In late August 2019, an oil slick began to wash up on the coast of Northeast Brazil. To date, the slick, later identified as crude oil/petroleum, is assumed to have come from a spill from some tanker ship in transit along the Brazilian coast. The first oil slick was reported in the states of Pernambuco and Paraíba, and as of late November the spill had hit all states of the Northeast, including more than 400 locations, subsequently reaching the Southeast in the states of Espírito Santo and the northern coast of Rio de Janeiro. The disaster thus covers a huge geographic area, with serious environmental harm and an impact on subsistence conditions for countless human communities that depend on fishing and tourism
Genome Detective Coronavirus Typing Tool for rapid identification and characterization of novel coronavirus genomes
No full textDevido a pandemia mundial do COVID-19, o artigo da revista foi liberado em acesso aberto durante o ano de 2020, visando divulgação e disseminação.Em decorrência da pandemia decretada pela OMS em 2020, o artigo encontra-se em acesso aberto.Genome Detective is a web-based, user-friendly software application to quickly and accurately assemble all known virus genomes from next generation sequencing datasets. This application allows the identification of phylogenetic clusters and genotypes from assembled genomes in FASTA format. Since its release in 2019, we have produced a number of typing tools for emergent viruses that have caused large outbreaks, such as Zika and Yellow Fever Virus in Brazil. Here, we present The Genome Detective Coronavirus Typing Tool that can accurately identify the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) related coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) sequences isolated in China and around the world. The tool can accept up to 2,000 sequences per submission and the analysis of a new whole genome sequence will take approximately one minute. The tool has been tested and validated with hundreds of whole genomes from ten coronavirus species, and correctly classified all of the SARS-related coronavirus (SARSr-CoV) and all of the available public data for SARS-CoV-2. The tool also allows tracking of new viral mutations as the outbreak expands globally, which may help to accelerate the development of novel diagnostics, drugs and vaccines to stop the COVID-19 disease