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Avaliação do local de nascimento de recém-natos com idade gestacional inferior a 34 semanas segundo complexidade da Unidade Neonatal em maternidades vinculadas à Rede Cegonha: Brasil, 2016-2017
No full textO objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o local de nascimento dos prematuros com menos de 34 semanas gestacionais segundo tipo de serviço de assistência neonatal em maternidades da Rede Cegonha, bem como estimar os fatores maternos associados ao local de nascimento não apropriado para idade gestacional. Estudo seccional, de âmbito nacional, realizado em 2016/2017, para avaliação de estabelecimentos com plano de ação da Rede Cegonha. Foram analisadas informações de 303 puérperas e os respectivos locais de ocorrência do parto. Os recém-natos foram classificados segundo a idade gestacional ao nascer (< 30 e 30 a 33 semanas) e os serviços de saúde como unidade de cuidados intensivos neonatais, cuidados intermediários, sem serviço de cuidados neonatais. A portaria ministerial nº 930/2012 foi utilizada para classificar o local de nascimento como apropriado para a idade gestacional do recém-nato. A prevalência de nascimento pré-termo com menos de 30 semanas gestacional foi 37,3 e entre 30 e 33 semanas de 66,8. O nascimento em serviços não apropriado para a idade gestacional do recém-nascido ocorreu em 6,3%, com importantes diferenças regionais e sociais. Apesar dos avanços ainda persistem inequidades no acesso aos cuidados neonatais de prematuros na Rede Cegonha.This study aims to evaluate the birthplace of preterm infants with less than 34 gestational weeks at birth by type of neonatal care service in maternity hospitals of the “Rede Cegonha” and estimate the maternal factors associated with the inadequate place of birth for gestational age. This national cross-sectional study was performed in 2016/2017 to evaluate health establishments with the Rede Cegonha’s action plan. Information was analyzed from 303 puerperae and the respective health establishments of their births. Newborns were classified by gestational age at birth (<30 and 30-33 weeks) and health establishments as hospitals with neonatal intensive care service, hospitals with intermediate neonatal care service, and hospitals without neonatal care service. Ministerial Ordinance N° 930/2012 was used to classify the birthplace as appropriate for the newborn’s gestational age. Preterm birth prevalence was 37.3 at less than 30 weeks’ gestation and 66.8 at 30-33 weeks. Birth in inappropriate services for the newborn’s gestational age occurred in 6.3%, with significant regional and social differences. Inequalities in access to neonatal care for preterm infants persist in the “Rede Cegonha” despite advances
VODAN BR: data management in coping with the coronavirus pandemic
No full textTrabalho publicado na Revista Páginas a&b: arquivos e bibliotecas, 3ª série. Nº especial ConfOA 2020 (2021). Número completo disponível em: https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/46451.O mundo está vivenciando uma pandemia provocada pela variante do Coronavírus nomeado SARS-CoV-2, causando a doença infecciosa COVID-19. Ações globais estão sendo realizadas no combate a esse vírus, dentre as quais a Virus Outbreak Data Network (VODAN), que visa estabelecer uma infraestrutura de dados federada alinhada aos princípios FAIR e que apoie a coleta de dados de prontuários de pacientes infectados por vírus de alto contágio. A FIOCRUZ, que coordena a rede GO FAIR Brasil Saúde, assumiu a rede VODAN BR em parceria com a UNIRIO e UFRJ, com a participação inicial dos hospitais Gaffrée e Guinle, Municipal São José e o Israelita Albert Einstein. Este artigo objetiva apresentar a infraestrutura nacional alinhada às diretrizes e à rede internacional, para coleta e gestão de dados de prontuários de pacientes, desses hospitais,
infectados com a COVID-19, para estabelecer modelo informacional que apoie o enfrentamento desta e de outras possíveis pandemias.The world is experiencing a pandemic caused by the variant of the Coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2, causing the infectious disease COVID-19. Global actions are being carried out to combat this virus, including the Virus Outbreak Data Network (VODAN), which aims to establish a federated data infrastructure aligned with the FAIR principles and which supports the data collect from medical records of patients infected with high contagion. FIOCRUZ, which coordinates the GO FAIR Brazil Health network, took over the VODAN BR network in partnership with UNIRIO and UFRJ, with the participation of the hospitals Gaffrée and Guinle, Municipal São José and Israelita Albert Einstein. This article aims to present the national infrastructure aligned with the guidelines and the international network, for collecting and managing data from patient records, of these hospitals, infected with COVID-19, to establish an information model that supports the confrontation of this
and other possible pandemics
Cochlear implant in patients with autistic spectrum disorder-a systematic review
No full textIntroduction: In cases of autism spectrum disorders with severe to profound hearing loss, cochlear implant is a therapeutic option.
Objective: To identify evidence in the scientific literature that the cochlear implant brings benefits to people with autism spectrum disorders with associated hearing loss.
Methods: Systematic review of the literature based on the criteria recommended by PRISMA. The population, intervention, comparison, outcomes, study design, PICOS strategy, was used to define the eligibility criteria. The studies that met the inclusion criteria for this second stage were included in a qualitative synthesis. Each type of study was analyzed according to the Joanna Briggs Institute's risk of bias assessment through the critical checklist for cohort studies, prevalence studies and critical criteria and case reports.
Results: Four hundred and eighty-four articles were found in eight databases and 100 in the gray literature, mentioning the relationship between cochlear implants in patients with autism spectrum disorder and hearing loss. Twelve articles were read in full and 7 were selected for qualitative analysis in this systematic review. All seven articles were analyzed on the critical evaluation checklist. Four articles had a low risk of bias and three articles had a moderate risk of bias. In this study, were included 66 patients with autism spectrum disorder and hearing loss who received cochlear implant.
Conclusion: This systematic review indicates that a cochlear implant can bring benefits to autism spectrum disorder patients with associated deafness
Proposal of Carbonactinosporaceae fam. nov. within the class Actinomycetia. Reclassification of Streptomyces thermoautotrophicus as Carbonactinospora thermoautotrophica gen. nov., comb. nov
No full textStreptomyces thermoautotrophicus UBT1T has been suggested to merit generic status due to its phyloge netic placement and distinctive phenotypes among Actinomycetia. To evaluate whether ‘S. thermoau totrophicus’ represents a higher taxonomic rank, ‘S. thermoautotrophicus’ strains UBT1T and H1 were
compared to Actinomycetia using 16S rRNA gene sequences and comparative genome analyses. The
UBT1T and H1 genomes each contain at least two different 16S rRNA sequences, which are closely related
to those of Acidothermus cellulolyticus (order Acidothermales). In multigene-based phylogenomic trees,
UBT1T and H1 typically formed a sister group to the Streptosporangiales-Acidothermales clade. The
Average Amino Acid Identity, Percentage of Conserved Proteins, and whole-genome Average
Nucleotide Identity (Alignment Fraction) values were 58.5%, 48%, 75.5% (0.3) between ‘S. thermoau totrophicus’ and Streptosporangiales members, all below the respective thresholds for delineating genera.
The values for genomics comparisons between strains UBT1T and H1 with Acidothermales, as well as
members of the genus Streptomyces, were even lower. A review of the ‘S. thermoautotrophicus’ proteomic
profiles and KEGG orthology demonstrated that UBT1T and H1 present pronounced differences, both
tested and predicted, in phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics compared to its sister clades
and Streptomyces. The distinct phylogenetic position and the combination of genotypic and phenotypic
characteristics justify the proposal of Carbonactinospora gen. nov., with the type species
Carbonactinospora thermoautotrophica comb. nov. (type strain UBT1T
, = DSM 100163T = KCTC 49540T
)
belonging to Carbonactinosporaceae fam. nov. within Actinomycetia
Política de divulgação científica da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz
No full textElaboração: Grupo de Trabalho responsável pela elaboração da Política de Divulgação Científica da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, criado pela Portaria N° 6.396/2019. Política aprovada pelo Conselho Deliberativo da Fiocruz em 10/12/2020 e publicada na Portaria da Presidência da Fiocruz no. 58 de 05 de março de 2021
Nota Técnica 03/2021: orientações Fluxo de TCR/TCC das residências para inserção no Repositório Institucional Arca com o apoio da Rede de Bibliotecas da Fiocruz
No full textO Fórum de Coordenadores e a Coordenação Adjunta de Residências - CGE da Vice-presidência de Educação, Informação e Comunicação (VPEIC) da Fiocruz identifica a necessidade do estabelecimento de um fluxo para depósito dos TCR/TCC no Repositório Institucional Arca, visando a salvaguarda, a preservação da memória, a ampliação da política de acesso aberto das informações e conhecimento produzidos pela Fiocruz. Neste sentido, recomendamos que os Programas de Residências divulguem essas
orientações junto aos seus residentes no momento do acolhimento dos programas para que eles possam inserir seus trabalhos no Arca após sua finalização e aprovação das bancas
Expression of SARS-CoV-2-related receptors in cells of the neurovascular unit: implications for HIV-1 infection
No full textBackground: Neurological complications are common in patients affected by COVID-19 due to the ability of SARS CoV-2 to infect brains. While the mechanisms of this process are not fully understood, it has been proposed that
SARS-CoV-2 can infect the cells of the neurovascular unit (NVU), which form the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The aim
of the current study was to analyze the expression pattern of the main SARS-CoV-2 receptors in naïve and HIV-1-
infected cells of the NVU in order to elucidate a possible pathway of the virus entry into the brain and a potential
modulatory impact of HIV-1 in this process.
Methods: The gene and protein expression profile of ACE2, TMPRSS2, ADAM17, BSG, DPP4, AGTR2, ANPEP,
cathepsin B, and cathepsin L was assessed by qPCR, immunoblotting, and immunostaining, respectively. In addition,
we investigated if brain endothelial cells can be affected by the exposure to the S1 subunit of the S protein, the
domain responsible for the direct binding of SARS-CoV-2 to the ACE2 receptors.
Results: The receptors involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection are co-expressed in the cells of the NVU, especially in
astrocytes and microglial cells. These receptors are functionally active as exposure of endothelial cells to the SARS
CoV-2 S1 protein subunit altered the expression pattern of tight junction proteins, such as claudin-5 and ZO-1.
Additionally, HIV-1 infection upregulated ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression in brain astrocytes and microglia cells.
Conclusions: These findings provide key insight into SARS-CoV-2 recognition by cells of the NVU and may help to
develop possible treatment of CNS complications of COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2 shifting transmission dynamics and hidden reservoirs potentially limit efficacy of public health interventions in Italy
No full textWe investigated SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics in Italy, one of the countries hit hardest by the pandemic, using phylodynamic analysis of viral genetic and epidemiological data. We observed the co-circulation of multiple SARS-CoV-2 lineages over time, which were linked to multiple importations and characterized by large transmission clusters concomitant with a high number of infections. Subsequent implementation of a three-phase nationwide lockdown strategy greatly reduced infection numbers and hospitalizations. Yet we present evidence of sustained viral spread among sporadic clusters acting as “hidden reservoirs” during summer 2020. Mathematical modelling shows that increased mobility among residents eventually catalyzed the coalescence of such clusters, thus driving up the number of infections and initiating a new epidemic wave. Our results suggest that the efficacy of public health inter ventions is, ultimately, limited by the size and structure of epidemic reservoirs, which may warrant prioritization during vaccine deployment
Triatomine and Trypanosoma cruzi discrete typing units distribution in a semi-arid area of northeastern Brazil
No full textThe occurrence of triatomine species, their bloodmeal sources and the discrete typing units (DTUs) of Trypanosoma cruzi isolated from them were determined in different municipalities of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Triatomine captures were carried out in the rural areas of 23 municipalities. The genotyping of T. cruzi isolates was performed using the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 (coii) gene, the D7 region of the 24Sα rDNA, and the spliced leader intergenic region (SL-IR). Five triatomine species were captured, and the most frequent was Triatoma brasiliensis (84.3%; 916/1086), which was found in 16 of the 23 municipalities surveyed, and infested all types of environment investigated. The TcI DTU was found in all mesoregions surveyed in 51.5% (17/33) of the culture-positive samples. In contrast, TcII (9.1%; 3/33) was detected in the Central mesoregion, while TcIII (27.3%; 9/33) was found in all mesoregions. The geographic distribution and spatial overlap of different DTUs was inferred using the superposition of the radius of occurrence of isolates and using ecological niche distribution modelling. Triatoma brasiliensis was found infected in all mesoregions and with all three T. cruzi DTUs, including mixed infections. With regard to bloodmeal sources, the DNA of rodents was found in triatomines infected with either TcI or TcIII, while that of domestic animals and humans was associated with both single and mixed infections. Our findings demonstrate that different DTUs of T. cruzi are widely dispersed among triatomines in our study area. The association of T. brasiliensis with several different mammalian hosts, as well as overlapping areas with different DTUs, suggests that this triatomine species may have an important role as a vector in both anthropic and sylvatic environments
Field Application of NIR Spectroscopy for the Discrimination of the Biomphalaria Species That Are Intermediate Hosts of Schistosoma mansoni in Brazil
No full textNear Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) is a spectroscopic technique that evaluates the
vibrational energy levels of the chemical bonds of molecules within a wavelength range
of 750–2,500 nm. This simple method acquires spectra that provide qualitative and
quantitative data on the chemical components of the biomass of living organisms
through the interaction between the electromagnetic waves and the sample. NIRS is an
innovative, rapid, and non-destructive technique that can contribute to the differentiation
of species based on their chemical phenotypes. Chemical profiles were obtained by
NIRS from three snail species (Biomphalaria glabrata, Biomphalaria straminea, and
Biomphalaria tenagophila) that are intermediate hosts of Schistosoma mansoni in Brazil.
The correct identification of these species is important from an epidemiological viewpoint,
given that each species has distinct biological and physiological characteristics. The
present study aimed to develop a chemometric model for the interspecific and intra specific classification of the three species, focusing on laboratory and field populations.
The data were obtained from 271 live animals, including 150 snails recently collected from
the field, with the remainder being raised in the laboratory. Populations were sampled at
three localities in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro, in the municipalities of Sumidouro
(B. glabrata) and Paracambi (B. straminea), and the borough of Jacarepaguá in the Rio
de Janeiro city (B. tenagophila). The chemometric analysis was run in the Unscrambler®
software. The intra-specific classification of the field and laboratory populations obtained
accuracy rates of 72.5% (B. tenagophila), 77.5% (B. straminea), and 85.0% (B. glabrata).
The interspecific differentiation had a hit rate of 75% for the field populations and 80%
for the laboratory populations. The results indicate chemical and metabolic differences
between populations of the same species from the field and the laboratory. The chemical
phenotype, which is closely related to the metabolic profile of the snails, varied between environments. Overall, the NIRS technique proved to be a potentially valuable tool for
medical malacology, enabling the systematic discrimination of the Biomphalaria snails
that are the intermediate hosts of S. mansoni in Brazil