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Comparison of Oropharyngeal Dysphagia in Brazilian Children with Prenatal Exposure to Zika Virus, With and Without Microcephaly
No full textSevere brain damage associated with Zika-related microcephaly (ZRM) have been reported to result in oropharyngeal dysphagia (OPD); however, it is unknown if OPD presents in children with prenatal Zika virus (ZIKV) exposure but only mild or undetectable abnormalities. The aims of this study were: to compare the frequency and characteristics of OPD in children with ZRM and in children without microcephaly born to mothers who tested polymerase chain reaction positive (PCR+) for ZIKV during pregnancy; and to investigate the concordance of caregiver reports of OPD with the diagnosis from the clinical swallowing assessment (CSA). Between Mar/2017 and May/2018, we evaluated 116 children (n = 58 with microcephaly, n = 58 children without microcephaly born to ZIKV PCR + mothers) participating in the Microcephaly Epidemic Research Group (MERG) cohort of children born during the 2015–2016 ZIKV epidemic in Pernambuco, Brazil. To assess OPD we used: a CSA; a clinical assessment of the stomatognathic system; and a questionnaire administered to caregivers. The frequency of OPD was markedly higher in children with ZRM (79.3%) than in the exposed but normocephalic group (8.6%). The children with microcephaly also presented more frequently with anatomic and functional abnormalities in the stomatognathic system. There was a high degree of agreement between the caregiver reports of OPD and the CSA (κ = 0.92). In conclusion, our findings confirm that OPD is a feature of Congenital Zika Syndrome that primarily occurs in children with microcephaly and provide support for policies in which children are referred for rehabilitation with an OPD diagnosis based on caregiver report
Seroprevalence estimate and risk factors for Coxiella burnetii infections among humans in a highly urbanised Brazilian state
No full textBackground: Q fever is among the top 13 global priority zoonoses, however, it is still neglected and underreported
in most of the world, including Brazil. Thus, we evaluated the seroprevalence of and the risk factors for
Coxiella burnetii infections in humans from Minas Gerais, a highly urbanised Brazilian state.
Methods: Coxiella burnetii was searched for patient samples (n=437), which were suspected of then later confirmed
as negative for dengue fever, by the indirect immunofluorescence technique and real-time PCR. Risk
factors for infections and spatial clusters for both C. burnetii-seropositive individuals and livestock concentration
were evaluated.
Results: We found that 21 samples (4.8%; 95% CI 3.0 to 7.2%) were reactive for at least one class of anti-C.
burnetii antibodies (titer of ≥64), with rural residence (p=0.036) being a risk factor. Also, two spatial clusters of
seropositivity were found within a significant area by Scan, and a probable relationship between the Scan result
and the livestock concentration by area was found.
Conclusions: Seropositive individuals were associated with rural residence, with a likely relationship with the
livestock concentration. Thus, this study establishes baseline figures for C. burnetii seroprevalence in humans in
a state of Brazil, allowing the monitoring of trends and setting of control targets, as well as more representative
longitudinal and risk analysis studies.202
Convergencias entre el Plan Nacional de Salud de Brasil y artículos científicos sobre enfermedades tropicales desatendidas
No full textNatanael Vitor Sobral da Universidade Federal da Bahia, do Instituto de Ciência da Informação teve seu artigo submetido e aprovado na edição da RECIIS - Dossiê Feminismos: perspectivas em comunicação e informação em saúde, parte 1 v. 15 n.2 (2021)Viviane Martha Santos de Morais da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, da Unidade Acadêmica de Serra Talhada teve seu artigo submetido e aprovado na edição da RECIIS - Dossiê Feminismos: perspectivas em comunicação e informação em saúde, parte 1 v. 15 n.2 (2021)Leilah Santiago Bufrem da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco teve seu artigo submetido e aprovado na edição da RECIIS - Dossiê Feminismos: perspectivas em comunicação e informação em saúde, parte 1 v. 15 n.2 (2021)Raimundo Nonato Macedo dos Santos da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco teve seu artigo submetido e aprovado na edição da RECIIS - Dossiê Feminismos: perspectivas em comunicação e informação em saúde, parte 1 v. 15 n.2 (2021)Fabio Mascarenhas e Silva teve seu artigo submetido e aprovado na edição da RECIIS - Dossiê Feminismos: perspectivas em comunicação e informação em saúde, parte 1 v. 15 n.2 (2021)O Plano Nacional de Saúde foi o instrumento central do planejamento em saúde pública de 2016 a 2019 no Brasil. Neste artigo, verificam-se as convergências entre o Plano e a produção de artigos científicos elaborada por pesquisadores institucionais no âmbito das Doenças Tropicais Negligenciadas. Os métodos estão divididos nas etapas de identificação do universo de pesquisadores, coleta de dados, caracterização temática das Doenças Tropicais Negligenciadas no Plano, organização das informações e produção de indicadores. No total, foram identificados 2.719 pesquisadores, que produziram 18.023 artigos de periódicos no período de 2015 a 2018. Desse cálculo, 2.541 artigos, 14,09%, foram relacionados às Doenças Tropicais Negligenciadas. Em relação às convergências, há um grande alinhamento em leishmaniose, doença de Chagas, dengue, hanseníase, esquistossomose e febre de Chikungunya. No entanto, a produção científica apresenta cobertura superior ao instrumento político devido à contemplação de outros temas: picadas de cobra, helmintíase e filariose linfática.In Brazil, the National Health Plan (NHP) was the central instrument for public health planning from 2016 to 2019. In this paper, we show that there is a convergence between the Plan and the publication of scientific articles written by institutional researchers in the context of Neglected Tropical Diseases. The methodology used consisted of the following stages: identification of the universe of researchers, data collection, thematic characterization of Neglected Tropical Diseases in the Plan, organization of information, and production of indicators. In total, there were 2,719 researchers and 18,023 journal articles from 2015 to 2018. Of these, 2,541 articles, or 14.09%, were related to Neglected Tropical Diseases. Regarding the convergences, there was strong alignment with leishmaniasis, Chagas disease, dengue, leprosy, schistosomiasis, and Chikungunya fever. However, the coverage of topics by scientific publications was broader than that of the political instrument due to the inclusion of other themes: snake bites, helminthiasis and lymphatic filariasis.El Plan Nacional de Salud fue el instrumento central de la planificación de la salud pública de 2016 a 2019 en Brasil. En este artículo, existe una convergencia entre el Plan y la producción de artículos científicos elaborados por investigadores institucionales en el contexto de las Enfermedades Tropicales Desatendidas. Los métodos se dividen en las etapas de identificación del universo de investigadores, recolección de datos, caracterización temática de Enfermedades Tropicales Desatendidas en el Plan, organización de la información y producción de indicadores. En total, se identificaron 2.719 investigadores, quienes produjeron 18.023 artículos de revistas entre 2015 y 2018. De este cálculo, 2.541 artículos, 14.09%, estaban relacionados con Enfermedades Tropicales Desatendidas. En cuanto a las convergencias, existe un gran alineamiento en leishmaniasis, enfermedad de Chagas, dengue, lepra, esquistosomiasis y fiebre chikungunya. Sin embargo, la producción científica tiene mayor cobertura que el instrumento político debido a la contemplación de otros temas: mordeduras de serpientes, helmintiasis y filariasis linfática
Update on the Phylodynamics of SADS-CoV
No full textCoronaviruses are known to be harmful and heterogeneous viruses, able to infect a large
number of hosts. Among them, SADS-CoV (Swine Acute Diarrhea Syndrome Coronavirus), also
known as PEAV (Porcine Enteric Alphacoronavirus), or SeA-CoV (Swine Enteric Alphacoronavirus),
is the most recent Alphacoronavirus discovered, and caused several outbreaks reported in Chinese
swine herds between late 2016 and 2019. We performed an upgraded phylodinamic reconstruction
of SADS-CoV based on all whole genomes available on 21 June 2021. Results showed a very
close relationship between SADS-CoV and HKU2-like CoV, which may represent the evolutionary
intermediate step towards the present SADS-CoV. The direct progenitor of SADS-CoV is so far
unknown and, although it is well known that horseshoe bats are reservoirs for Rhinolophus bat
coronavirus HKU2-like (HKU2-like CoVs), the transmission path from bats to pigs is still unclear. The
discrepancies in the phylogenetic position of rodent CoV, when different molecular markers were
considered, corroborate the recombination hypothesis, suggesting that wild rats, which are frequent
in farms, may have played a key role. The failure of the attempt at molecular dating, due to the lack
of a clock signal, also corroborates the occurrence of a recombination event hypothesis. Zoonotic
infections originating in wildlife can easily become a significant threat for human health. In such
a context, due to the high recombination and cross-species capabilities of Coronavirus, SADS-CoV
represents a possible high-risk pathogen for humans which needs a constant molecular monitoring
Immunogenicity of a 17-DD Yellow Fever Vaccine in a dengue and Zika endemic area of Paraiba State, Brazil
No full textOs autores externos submeteram sua publicação para apresentação de trabalho no evento “International Symposium on Immunobiologicals”, que foi coordenado e organizado pelo Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos (Bio-Manguinhos), da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz
The importance of institutional repositories in pandemic periods: the Insertion of scientific production on covid-19 in the Arca – RI Fiocruz
No full textTrabalho publicado na Revista Páginas a&b: arquivos e bibliotecas, 3ª série. Nº especial ConfOA 2020 (2021). Número completo disponível em: https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/46451.A comunicação e a informação nunca foram tão importantes como neste momento de pandemia da COVID-19. Essa emergência de saúde tem mostrado como a atuação dos profissionais de informação nos Repositórios Institucionais tem sido decisiva para o avanço do conhecimento científico sobre essa doença. Essa fase tem propiciado muitas reflexões acerca das atividades desenvolvidas nos Repositórios. Eles se encontram diante de um volume expressivo de informações em tempo real sobre essa nova doença, onde os resultados obtidos nas pesquisas preliminares precisam ser divulgados rapidamente. Por isso, este trabalho apresenta o mapeamento dos processos de trabalho realizado pelos profissionais de informação da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, com relação ao depósito da produção intelectual da Instituição no ARCA - Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ sobre a COVID-19, tendo como objetivo a disseminação e o acesso aos conteúdos. A primeira atitude para que a realização das tarefas no Repositório ARCA fosse possível e contínua, consistiu no
fortalecimento do vínculo da equipe. Desta forma, tornou-se necessário construir novas estratégias
na execução dos trabalhos e novo redimensionamento nas funções dos profissionais para agir com
celeridade na recuperação da produção dos estudos da comunidade científica. A proposta é manter a
população bem informada, já que nessa situação de pandemia os protocolos de prevenção contra a
COVID-19 salientam que o cuidado começa com a responsabilidade individual, pela obediência as
orientações dos gestores de saúde. No momento atual, não restam dúvidas sobre a enorme
importância que os Repositórios Institucionais representam, juntamente com a atuação essencial dos
profissionais que asseguram informações relevantes e emergenciais a todos os usuários.Communication and information have never been more important than at this time of the COVID-19 pandemic. This health emergency has shown how the role of information professionals in Institutional Repositories has been decisive for the advancement of scientific knowledge about this disease. This phase has led to many reflections on the activities developed in the Repositories. They are faced with an expressive volume of information in real time about this new disease, where the results obtained in preliminary researches need to be released quickly. For this reason, this work presents the mapping of the work processes carried out by the information professionals of the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, regarding the deposit of the Institution's intellectual production at ARCA - FIOCRUZ Institutional Repository on COVID-19, with the objective of dissemination and
access to content. The first attitude towards making the tasks at the ARCA Repository possible and continuous was to strengthen the team's bond. Thus, it became necessary to build new strategies in the execution of the work, and a new resizing in the functions of the professionals to act quickly in recovering the production of studies from the scientific community. The proposal is to keep the population well informed, since in this pandemic situation, the prevention protocols against COVID-19 emphasize that care begins with individual responsibility, by following the guidelines of health managers. At the present time, there is no doubt about the enormous importance that Institutional Repositories represent, together with the essential performance of professionals who ensure relevant and emergency information for all users
Covid-19: artigo defende nova classificação para a doença
No full textArtigo produzido com a colaboração de Maíra Menezes (IOC/Fiocruz)Diversos vírus, incluindo os causadores da dengue e da febre amarela, podem prejudicar a coagulação, provocando sangramentos nos casos mais graves. Por esse motivo, esses agravos são considerados febres virais hemorrágicas. Em um artigo recém-publicado na revista científica Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, um grupo de dez pesquisadores defende que o novo coronavírus (Sars-CoV-2) seja o primeiro agente reconhecido por atuar no sentido contrário: aumentando a formação de coágulos (também chamados de trombos) que podem obstruir a circulação. Considerando as evidências de hipercoagulação na doença, os autores propõem que a Covid-19 seja a primeira infecção classificada como febre viral trombótica. Atualmente, o agravo é classificado como Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave (SRAG). O estudo é assinado por especialistas em terapia intensiva, cardiologia, hematologia, virologia, patologia, imunologia e biologia molecular, que atuam em seis instituições de assistência médica e pesquisa científica no Brasil. São elas: Hospital Pró-Cardíaco, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/Fiocruz), Faculdade de Medicina de Petrópolis (Unifase), Instituto Nacional do Câncer (Inca), Instituto Carlos Chagas (Fiocruz Paraná) e United Health Group. No IOC/Fiocruz, participam os Laboratórios de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental, de Aids e Imunologia Molecular, de Inflamação, de Patologia e de Imunofarmacologia
Frequency of co-seropositivities for certain pathogens and their relationship with clinical and histopathological changes and parasite load in dogs infected with Leishmania infantum
No full textIn canine leishmaniosis caused by the protozoan Leishmania infantum, little is known about how co-infections with or co-seropositivities for other pathogens can influence aggravation of this disease. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the frequency of coinfections with or co-seropositivities for certain pathogens in dogs seropositive for L. infantum and their relationship with clinical signs, histological changes and L. infantum load. Sixty-six L. infantum-seropositive dogs were submitted to clinical examination, collection of blood and bone marrow, culling, and necropsy. Antibodies against Anaplasma spp., Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Ehrlichia spp. and Toxoplasma gondii and Dirofilaria immitis antigens were investigated in serum. Samples from different tissues were submitted to histopathology and immunohistochemistry for the detection of Leishmania spp. and T. gondii. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to assess the L. infantum load in spleen samples. For detection of Coxiella burnetii, conventional PCR and nested PCR were performed using
bone marrow samples. All 66 dogs tested positive for L. infantum by qPCR and/or culture. Fifty dogs (76%) were co-seropositive for at least one pathogen: T. gondii (59%), Ehrlichia spp., (41%), and Anaplasma spp. (18%). Clinical signs were observed in 15 (94%) dogs monoinfected with L. infantum and in 45 (90%) dogs co-seropositive for certain pathogens. The L. infantum load in spleen and skin did not differ significantly between monoinfected and co-seropositive dogs. The number of inflammatory cells was higher in the spleen, lung and mammary gland of co-seropositive dogs and in the mitral valve of monoinfected dogs. These results suggest that dogs infected with L. infantum and co-seropositive for certain pathogens are common in the region studied. However, co-seropositivities for certain pathogens did not aggravate clinical signs or L. infantum load, although they were associated with a more intense inflammatory reaction in some organs
Pandemia reforça vulnerabilidade dos povos indígenas
No full text19 de Abril é reconhecido como o Dia da Diversidade Indígena, a data é um momento de reflexão sobre as origens da nação brasileira, buscando a valorização e reconhecimento da cultura indígena, reforçando a importância que os povos originários exerceram na construção sociocultural e histórica do Brasil. A pandemia de covid-19 reforçou ainda mais a vulnerabilidade dos povos indígenas. Dados sobre mortalidade e letalidade, por exemplo, apontam um risco maior de mortalidade de crianças indígenas por covid-19, se comparado a crianças não indígenas