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An analysis of actions taken by Fundação Oswaldo Cruz for the communication and popularization of science
No full textLoloano Claudionor da Silva - in memoriamNeste trabalho apresentamos uma análise das ações de divulgação e popularização da ciência na Fiocruz a partir de duas perspectivas. O estudo tem por objetivo investigar como se organiza um sistema de divulgação e popularização da ciência em uma instituição científica de grande porte e como esse sistema se articula com seu discurso institucional. Além de fazer uma breve revisão da evolução do tema na história da Fiocruz, realizamos um levantamento de como o mesmo tem sido tratado nos documentos oficiais de planejamento. Com o mapeamento das ações realizadas em 2015 e 2016, foi possível compreender melhor esse universo e classificá-lo de acordo com suas características junto ao público.An analysis is presented of actions taken by the Brazilian research institution Fiocruz for the communication and popularization of science, from two perspectives. The aim was to investigate how a system for the communication and popularization of science is organized at a large scientific institution and how it is articulated with the institutional discourse. A brief review is presented of how the topic has developed over the history of Fiocruz, followed by a discussion of the way it has been addressed in its official planning documents. The science communication/popularization actions undertaken in 2015 and 2016 were mapped out and classified according to how they interact with the public, giving a better understanding of this area
Low rate of relapse after twelve-dose multidrug therapy for hansen's disease: a 20-year cohort study in a brazilian reference center
No full textProdução científica do Laboratório de Hanseníase.The authors received no specific funding for this work.The World Health Organization has raised concerns about the increasing number of Hansen
disease (HD) relapses worldwide, especially in Brazil, India, and Indonesia that report the
highest number of recurrent cases. Relapses are an indicator of MDT effectiveness and can
reflect Mycobacterium leprae persistence or re-infection. Relapse is also a potential marker
for the development or progression of disability. In this research, we studied a large cohort
of persons affected by HD treated with full fixed-dose multibacillary (MB) multidrug therapy
(MDT) followed for up to 20 years and observed that relapses are a rare event. We esti mated the incidence density of relapse in a cohort of patients classified to receive MB regime
(bacillary index (BI) > 0), diagnosed between September 1997 and June 2017, and treated
with twelve-dose MB-MDT at a HD reference center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We obtained
the data from the data management system of the clinic routine service. We linked the
selected cases to the dataset of relapses of the national HD data to confirm possible relapse
cases diagnosed elsewhere. We diagnosed ten cases of relapse in a cohort of 713 patients
followed-up for a mean of 12.1 years. This resulted in an incidence rate of 1.16 relapse
cases per 1000 person-year (95% CI = 0.5915–2.076). The accumulated risk was 0.025 in
20 years. The very low risk observed in this cohort of twelve-dose-treated MB patients rein forces the success of the current MDT scheme
Systematic review of prediction models for pulmonary tuberculosis treatment outcomes in adults
No full textObjective: To systematically review and critically evaluate prediction models developed to predict tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes among adults with pulmonary TB.
Design: Systematic review.
Data sources: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Google Scholar were searched for studies published from 1 January 1995 to 9 January 2020.
Study selection and data extraction: Studies that developed a model to predict pulmonary TB treatment outcomes were included. Study screening, data extraction and quality assessment were conducted independently by two reviewers. Study quality was evaluated using the Prediction model Risk Of Bias Assessment Tool. Data were synthesised with narrative review and in tables and figures.
Results: 14 739 articles were identified, 536 underwent full-text review and 33 studies presenting 37 prediction models were included. Model outcomes included death (n=16, 43%), treatment failure (n=6, 16%), default (n=6, 16%) or a composite outcome (n=9, 25%). Most models (n=30, 81%) measured discrimination (median c-statistic=0.75; IQR: 0.68-0.84), and 17 (46%) reported calibration, often the Hosmer-Lemeshow test (n=13). Nineteen (51%) models were internally validated, and six (16%) were externally validated. Eighteen (54%) studies mentioned missing data, and of those, half (n=9) used complete case analysis. The most common predictors included age, sex, extrapulmonary TB, body mass index, chest X-ray results, previous TB and HIV. Risk of bias varied across studies, but all studies had high risk of bias in their analysis.
Conclusions: TB outcome prediction models are heterogeneous with disparate outcome definitions, predictors and methodology. We do not recommend applying any in clinical settings without external validation, and encourage future researchers adhere to guidelines for developing and reporting of prediction models
Rede de informações sobre a exposição ao SARS-CoV-2 em trabalhadores no Brasil: informe 7
No full textEvidências recentes têm mostrado que os índices de adoecimento e óbitos
por covid-19 e possíveis complicações da doença são maiores em algumas
Ocupações. Diante disso, é importante incluir no Programa Nacional de
Vacinação (PNI) determinados grupos ocupacionais, priorizando o critério
de exposição e a probabilidade de maior risco entre os processos de
trabalho e ramos de atividade econômica. Com essa estratégia
operacional, é possível constituir conglomerados produtivos de vacinação
e, consequentemente, contribuir com estratégias que possam conter a
cadeia de transmissibilidade a partir dos ambientes de trabalho, bem
como implementar “ilhas” de cobertura vacinal por território produtivo e
seus potenciais impactos populacionais. Nesse cenário desafiador, com bases nas evidências de maior risco de
infectabilidade entre os trabalhadores, é essencial que todos
compreendam a importância da vacina contra a covid-19. Dessa forma, a
primeira parte deste informe apresenta as informações gerais sobre
imunização vacinal. Já a segunda parte traz informações específicas sobre
as vacinas contra a covid-19 disponíveis até o momento no Brasil. Por fim,
apresentamos perguntas e resposta sobre a vacinação, buscando dar
orientações rápidas e simples, para sanar algumas dúvidas que surgem
nesse cenário que estamos vivenciando atualmente. A Rede Trabalhadores & covid-19 destaca que este informe foi elaborado a
partir de publicações da Organização Mundial de Saúde, informações do
Plano Nacional de Operacionalização da Vacinação contra covid-19 (7ª
edição) e evidências científicas divulgadas até a presente data
Potential of Ficus carica extracts against Euschistus heros: Toxicity of major active compounds and selectivity against beneficial insects
No full textBACKGROUND Using plant-based extracts and their constituents has been suggested as an alternative tool to replace or integrate with the synthetic compounds used to manage insect pests. Here, we evaluated the potential of extracts obtained from Ficus carica Linn (Moraceae) branches and leaves against the Neotropical brown stink bug, Euschistus heros, one of the most prevalent insect pests in soybean fields. We further isolated and evaluated the toxicity of the extracts\' major components against E. heros. Additionally, by using computational docking analysis and toxicological approaches, we assessed the physiological basis for the selectivity of these extracts against beneficial insects such as pollinator bees (i.e. Apis mellifera and the Neotropical stingless bee Partamona helleri), ladybeetles (Eriopis connexa and Coleomegilla maculata), and lacewings (Chrysoperla externa). RESULTS Our results demonstrate that branch (LC50 = 5.9 [4.7-7.1] mg mL(-1)) and leaf (LC50 = 14.1 [12.5-15.4] mg mL(-1)) extracts exhibited similar toxicity against E. heros. Our phytochemical analysis revealed psoralen and bergapten furanocoumarins as the major components of the extract. Based on our computational predictions, these molecules\' differential abilities to physically interact with the acetylcholinesterases of E. heros and beneficial insects play relevant roles in their selectivity actions. The estimated LC90 values of branch (30.0 mg mL(-1)) and leaf (30.0 mg mL(-1)) extracts killed less than 12% of the beneficial insects. CONCLUSION Overall, our findings revealed that furanocoumarin-rich extracts obtained from F. carica extracts have the potential to be used as alternative tools in the integrated management of stink bug pests
Vacina é a única solução: Margareth Dalcolmo fala sobre o papel da ciência, critica movimentos antivacina e considera injustifável a falta de imunizante para todo o país
No full textMesmo de máscara, no supermercado ou no elevador, ela é reconhecida como “a doutora da Fiocruz”. Não é para menos: desde o início da pandemia de covid-19, a médica pneumologista Margareth Dalcolmo, da Fiocruz, tornou-se um dos rostos mais frequentes na mídia como uma das porta-vozes da ciência, em um esforço incansável para levar orientações e informações confiáveis para a população. Contudo, ela afirma que a empreitada assumida por ela e outros cientistas é uma luta “desigual de Davi contra Golias”, principalmente quando autoridades públicas adotam falas que deseducam a população ou recomendam medicamentos sem eficácia comprovada para o tratamento do novo coronavírus. “Mesmo que a gente esteja com o luto absolutamente indissociável do nosso dia a dia, carregando nas costas 210 mil mortes, as autoridades continuam dizendo que o problema está resolvido”, aponta
Presence of Senescent and Memory CD8+ Leukocytes as Immunocenescence Markers in Skin Lesions of Elderly Leprosy Patients
No full textLeprosy is an infectious disease that remains endemic in approximately 100 developing
countries, where about 200,000 new cases are diagnosed each year. Moreover,
multibacillary leprosy, the most contagious form of the disease, has been detected
at continuously higher rates among Brazilian elderly people. Due to the so-called
immunosenescence, characterized by several alterations in the quality of the immune
response during aging, this group is more susceptible to infectious diseases. In view of
such data, the purpose of our work was to investigate if age-related alterations in the
immune response could influence the pathogenesis of leprosy. As such, we studied 87
individuals, 62 newly diagnosed and untreated leprosy patients distributed according to
the age range and to the clinical forms of the disease and 25 healthy volunteers, who
were studied as controls. The frequency of senescent and memory CD8+ leukocytes
was assessed by immunofluorescence of biopsies from cutaneous lesions, while the
serum levels of IgG anti-CMV antibodies were analyzed by chemiluminescence and the
gene expression of T cell receptors’ inhibitors by RT-qPCR. We noted an accumulation
of memory CD8+ T lymphocytes, as well as reduced CD8+CD28+ cell expression in skin
lesions fromelderly patients, when compared to younger people. Alterations in LAG3 and
PDCD1 gene expression in cutaneous lesions of young MB patients were also observed,
when compared to elderly patients. Such data suggest that the age-related alterations of
T lymphocyte subsets can facilitate the onset of leprosy in elderly patients, not to mention
other chronic inflammatory diseases
Fairificação de repositórios!
No full textLuana Sales, Analista em C&T do MCTIC/IBICT, atuando como Docente do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Informação do convênio IBICT-UFRJ, além de Coordenadora da Rede de Implementação do GO FAIR Brasil, convidada pela Fiocruz/Icict para apresentação de trabalho no evento “II Encontro da Rede Sudeste de Repositórios Institucionais”, realizado nos dias 21 a 22 de julho de 2021.Anexamos o vídeo da palestra de Luana Sales durante o II Encontro da Rede Sudeste de Repositórios Institucionais.O presente trabalho apresenta informações relevantes sobre os princípios FAIR e sua aplicabilidade nos repositórios digitais contribuindo assim para o fortalecimento do acesso aberto
Low specificity of point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen (POC–CCA) diagnostic test in a non-endemic area for schistosomiasis mansoni in Brazil
No full textA point-of-care test for detecting schistosome circulating cathodic antigen in urine (POC–CCA) has been proposed for mapping infection and defining prevalence thresholds for mass drug administration (MDA). However, there is increasing evidence that POC–CCA may yield false-positive results, which requires rigorous specificity evaluation in non-endemic areas. POC–CCA was applied in an area known to be free from infection and devoid of any condition for schistosomiasis transmission as part of a multicentre study to evaluate the performance of POC–CCA in Brazil’s low or potentially endemic settings. Besides POC–CCA detection in urine, a search for eggs in stool was performed by Kato-Katz (KK) and Helmintex (HTX) methods. One-hundred-and-seventy-four participants returned urine samples, 140 of which delivered stool samples. All these were HTX-negative for Schistosoma mansoni, and all 118 tested with KK were negative for both S. mansoni and soil-transmitted helminths. POC–CCA results from freshly collected urine yielded a specificity of 62.1% (95% CI: 53.6% - 70.2%), taking trace outcomes as positive according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Retesting urine from the 140 HTXnegatives after one-year storage at -20 ◦C with two new POC–CCA batches simultaneously yielded significantly different specificities (34.3%; 95%CI: 26.5% – 42.8% and 75.0%; 95% CI: 67.0% - 81.9%). These two batches had a weak agreement (Cohen’s kappa: 0.56; 95%CI: 0.44–0.68) among the 174 urine samples retested. At present, POC–CCA cannot be recommended either as a cut-off point for MDA or a reliable diagnostic tool for treatment of the infection carriers (selective chemotherapy) in low endemic areas and at final stages of transmission interruption. Manufacturers should be required to optimize production standardization and to assure quality and reproducibility of the test. Extended rigorous performance evaluations by different users from different regions are needed before POC–CCA is widely recommended