28492 research outputs found
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Parasitism in the endemic and saxicolous lizard Tropidurus pinima (Squamata: Tropiduridae) from the Caatinga domain, Brazil
No full textÉtica: o que é ética?
No full textdubladodubladodubladoVídeo integrante do Curso Princípios básicos do cultivo de células de mamíferos, que aborda a subtema Ética: O que é ética?FiocruzMP4Tópicos em cultura de células de mamíferosPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Biotecnologi
Boletim Observatório COVID-19: semanas epidemiológicas 29 e 30: 18 a 31 de julho de 2021
No full textDe 18 a 31 de julho de 2021.O Boletim demonstra que o surgimento e crescimento da presença de novas variantes de preocupação, como a Delta, acende um alerta. O estudo chama a atenção para o fato de que a pandemia ainda não acabou e novos cenários de transmissão e risco podem surgir. Ressalta que o elevado patamar de risco de transmissão do vírus Sars-CoV-2 pode ser agravado pela maior transmissibilidade da nova variante e destaca a necessidade de combinar vacinação com o uso de máscaras, incluindo campanhas e busca ativa. A análise confirma também a reversão no processo de rejuvenescimento da pandemia no Brasil. Novamente, as internações em leitos de UTI para adultos no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e, principalmente, o número de óbitos concentram um maior número de idosos
Prelabor cesarean section: the role of advanced maternal age and associated factors
No full textObjective: to evaluate whether advanced maternal age (AMA) is associated with prelabor cesarean section and to identify the factors associated with prelabor cesarean section in AMA women, according to the mode of type of labor financing (private or public). Methods: Based on the Birth in Brazil survey, the research was conducted on representative sample of mothers for the country (Brazil), regions, type of hospital and location (capital or not), in 2011/2012. This study included 15,071 women from two age groups: 20-29 years and ≥ 35 years. The information was collected from interviews with puerperal woman, prenatal cards, and medical records of mothers and newborns. Multiple logistic regression modelling was used to verify the association between prelabor cesarean section and maternal, prenatal and childbirth characteristics, according to the mode of financing. Results: Our results showed a higher use of prelabor cesarean section for AMA (≥ 35 years) women in the public service (OR = 1.63; 95%CI 1.38-1.94) and in the private service (OR = 1.44; 95%CI 1.13-1.83), compared with women aged 20-29 years. In the adjusted model, we recorded three factors associated with the prelabor cesarean section in AMA women in both, public and private sectors: the same professional in prenatal care and childbirth (OR = 4.97 and OR = 4.66); nulliparity (OR = 6.17 and OR = 10.08), and multiparity with previous cesarean section (from OR = 5.73 to OR = 32.29). The presence of obstetric risk (OR = 1.94; 95%CI .44-2.62) also contributed to the occurrence of prelabor cesarean section in women who gave birth in the public service. Conclusions: AMA was an independent risk factor for prelabor cesarean in public and private services. In the public, prelabor cesarean in AMA was more influenced by clinical criteria. Higher chance of prelabor cesarean section in nulliparous women increases the chance of cesarean section in multiparous women, as we showed in this study, which increases the risk of anomalous placental implantation
Meio de Cultura: substratos celulares
No full textdubladoVídeo integrante do Curso Princípios básicos do cultivo de células de mamíferos, que aborda o subtema, Meio de Cultura: Substratos celularesFiocruzMP4Tópicos em cultura de células de mamíferosPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Biotecnologi
Boletim Observatório COVID-19: boletim extraordinário: 8 de setembro de 2021
No full textEsta edição do Boletim ratifica, em mais uma semana consecutiva, a queda nas taxas de ocupação de leitos de UTI Covid-19 para adultos no SUS em praticamente todo o país. Estão fora da zona de alerta (taxas < 60%) mais de 90% das unidades da Federação e 85% das capitais. Este indicador reflete a tendência geral de diminuição da incidência de casos graves, internações e mortalidade por Covid-19
Optimization of 1,4-Naphthoquinone Hit Compound: A Computational, Phenotypic, and In Vivo Screening against Trypanosoma cruzi
No full textChagas disease (CD) still represents a serious public health problem in Latin America,
even after more than 100 years of its discovery. Clinical treatments (nifurtimox and benznidazole) are
considered inadequate, especially because of undesirable side effects and low efficacy in the chronic
stages of the disease, highlighting the urgency for discovering new effective and safe drugs. A small
library of compounds (1a–i and 2a–j) was designed based on the structural optimization of a Hit
compound derived from 1,4-naphthoquinones (C2) previously identified. The biological activity,
structure-activity relationship (SAR), and the in silico physicochemical profiles of the naphthoquinone
derivatives were analyzed. Most modifications resulted in increased trypanocidal activity but some
substitutions also increased toxicity. The data reinforce the importance of the chlorine atom in the
thiophenol benzene ring for trypanocidal activity, highlighting 1g, which exhibit a drug-likeness
profile, as a promising compound against Trypanosoma cruzi. SAR analysis also revealed 1g as cliff
generator in the structure-activity similarity map (SAS maps). However, compounds C2 and 1g
were unable to reduce parasite load, and did not prevent mouse mortality in T. cruzi acute infection.
Phenotypic screening and computational analysis have provided relevant information to advance
the optimization and design of new 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives with a better pharmacological
profile
Pandemia e Solidariedade: conhecendo a frente humanitária canto da rua emergencial e os desafios da população em situação de rua, em tempos de pandemia da Covid-19
No full textEste estudo visa investigar, por meio de pesquisa qualitativa, os efeitos da pandemia para a vida da População em Situação de Rua (PSR) e descrever como a Frente Humanitária Canto da Rua Emergencial foi decisiva, para melhorar as condições de enfrentamento da pandemia pela PSR, no município de Belo Horizonte. O cenário de prática da pesquisa foi a Frente Humanitária Canto da Rua Emergencial, com ênfase nos espaços da Serraria Souza Pinto e Hospedagens. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com os coordenadores, trabalhadores e pessoas com trajetória de rua da Frente Humanitária Canto da Rua Emergencial. As narrativas foram analisadas na perspectiva da análise de conteúdo, visando, a partir dos aspectos comuns e divergentes apresentados pelos entrevistados, aprofundar teoricamente sobre as condições de vida da população em situação de rua, descrever as dificuldades que essa população enfrentou para cumprir as medidas de proteção propostas pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), explicitar os impasses e desafios que o isolamento social trouxe para suas vidas e a importância da Frente Humanitária Canto da Rua Emergencial para o enfrentamento da pandemia. O referencial teórico que orientou a análise das narrativas foi pautado pelos conceitos de necropolítica (MBEMBE, 2019), vida precária (BUTLER, 2019) e biopoder (FOU-CAULT, 1999). Os resultados estão em consonância com os conceitos citados, uma vez que a invisibilidade, a extrema vulnerabilidade e a constante vivência de violação de direitos humanos desta população, inclusive pelo poder público, vão ao encontro do pensamento desses autores, que denunciam no capitalismo a existência de populações que são entregues à própria sorte, populações a quem serão destinados mundos de morte, que são escolhidas para morrer e a quem a sociedade não pranteará a perda.This study aims to investigate, through qualitative research, the effects of the pan-demic on the lives of the Homeless Population (HP) and to describe how the Huma-nitarian Front Canto da Rua Emergencial was decisive, to improve the conditions of facing the pandemic by the HP in the city of Belo Horizonte. The research practice scenario was the Canto da Rua Emergencial with emphasis on the spaces of Serra-ria Souza Pinto and Accommodations. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the coordinators, workers and people with street trajectory who attend the spa-ce. The narratives were analyzed from the perspective of content analysis, aiming, from the common and divergent aspects presented by the interviewees, to theoreti-cally deepen on the living conditions of the homeless population, to describe the difficulties that this population faced to carry out the protection measures proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO), to explain the impasses and challenges that social isolation brought to their lives and the importance of the Humanitarian Front Canto da Rua Emergencial to face the pandemic. The theoretical framework that guided the analysis of the narratives was supported by the concepts of necropo-litics (MBEMBE,2019), precarious life (BUTLER, 2019) and biopower (FOU-CAULT,1999). The results are in line with the cited concepts, since the invisibility, the extreme vulnerability, and the constant experience of human rights violation of this population, including by the public power, are in line with the thinking of these authors ,who denounce in capitalism the existence of populations that are left to their own fate, populations to whom worlds of death will be destined, who are chosen to die and whom society will not mourn the loss
Clinical and laboratory characteristics of hepatitis C and COVID-19 coinfection: Prolonged RNA shedding in nonhospitalized case
No full textNonhospitalized COVID-19 and hepatitis C-coinfected patient presented prolonged
RNA shedding and mild course of infection. This finding demonstrated the impor tance of long follow-up of these patients
Epidemiology, species composition and genetic diversity of tetra and octonucleated Entamoeba spp. in diferent Brazilian biomes
No full textBackground: Entamoeba species harbored by humans have diferent degrees of pathogenicity. The present study
explores the intra- and interspecifc diversity, phylogenetic relationships, prevalence and distribution of tetra- and
octonucleated cyst-producing Entamoeba in diferent Brazilian regions.
Methods: Cross-sectional studies were performed to collect fecal samples (n=1728) and sociodemographic data
in communities located in four Brazilian biomes: Atlantic Forest, Caatinga, Cerrado, and Amazon. Fecal samples were
subjected to molecular analysis by partial small subunit ribosomal DNA sequencing (SSU rDNA) and phylogenetic
analysis.
Results: Light microscopy analysis revealed that tetranucleated cysts were found in all the studied biomes. The
highest positivity rates were observed in the age group 6–10 years (23.21%). For octonucleated cysts, positivity
rates ranged from 1 to 55.1%. Sixty SSU rDNA Entamoeba sequences were obtained, and four diferent species were
identifed: the octonucleated E. coli, and the tetranucleated E. histolytica, E. dispar, and E. hartmanni. Novel haplotypes
(n=32) were characterized; however, new ribosomal lineages were not identifed. The Entamoeba coli ST1 subtype
predominated in Atlantic Forest and Caatinga, and the ST2 subtype was predominant in the Amazon biome. E. histol ytica was detected only in the Amazon biome. In phylogenetic trees, sequences were grouped in two groups, the frst
containing uni- and tetranucleated and the second containing uni- and octonucleated cyst-producing Entamoeba
species. Molecular diversity indexes revealed a high interspecifc diversity for tetra- and octonucleated Entamoeba
spp. (H±SD=0.9625±0.0126). The intraspecifc diversity varied according to species or subtype: E. dispar and E. histo lytica showed lower diversity than E. coli subtypes ST1 and ST2 and E. hartmanni.
Conclusions: Tetra- and octonucleated cyst-producing Entamoeba are endemic in the studied communities; E.
histolytica was found in a low proportion and only in the Amazon biome. With regard to E. coli, subtype ST2 was predominant in the Amazon biome. The molecular epidemiology of Entamoeba spp. is a feld to be further explored
and provides information with important implications for public health