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Diatopic varieties in the E/LE classroom in Italy: from the perceptions and beliefs of Italophone students to the adoption of an inclusive and pluricentric approach
No full textEsta tesis doctoral investiga las intersecciones entre la sociolingüística y la enseñanza de lenguas extranjeras, con un enfoque en la diversidad diatópica del español y su integración en las aulas universitarias italianas. El estudio se estructura en cinco capítulos que combinan reflexión teórica, investigación empírica y propuestas didácticas orientadas a incluir las variedades americanas del español en la enseñanza del español como lengua extranjera (E/LE). El primer capítulo ofrece una visión global de la diversidad diatópica del español, describiendo las ocho áreas geolectales principales, sus conexiones histórico-culturales y la difusión del idioma más allá de los territorios tradicionales. El segundo capítulo analiza la difusión de E/LE en Italia, explorando los beneficios y desafíos de enseñar una lengua afín a los italianos. El tercer capítulo presenta los resultados de un estudio de campo realizado con estudiantes universitarios de E/LE, evaluando su competencia y conciencia del pluricentrismo de la lengua en cuestión. Los resultados muestran una marcada preferencia por el español castellano, que emerge como el modelo dominante en las aulas. Esta tendencia refuerza la hegemonía del español peninsular centro-norteño en el contexto educativo italiano, revelando prejuicios y estereotipos, especialmente contra las variedades americanas, asociadas con informalidad e incorrección. A partir de estos resultados, el cuarto capítulo propone estrategias teóricas y prácticas para integrar características generales del español americano en el aula de E/LE. El quinto capítulo, en cambio, ofrece actividades prácticas diseñadas para explorar las cinco macro-variedades americanas. En resumen, este trabajo destaca la necesidad de integrar la diversidad lingüística en la enseñanza de E/LE en Italia, proponiendo un modelo didáctico que fomente la competencia lingüística y la sensibilidad intercultural.This doctoral dissertation investigates the intersections between sociolinguistics and foreign language education, with a focus on the diatopic diversity of the Spanish language and its integration into Italian university classrooms. The study is structured in five chapters combining theoretical reflection, empirical research, and pedagogical proposals aimed at including American varieties of Spanish in the teaching of Spanish as a foreign language (E/LE). The first chapter offers a global overview of Spanish diatopic variation, describing eight major geolectal areas, their historical-cultural connections, and the language’s expansion beyond traditional territories. The second chapter analyzes the spread of Spanish in Italy, exploring the benefits and challenges of teaching a cognate language to Italian speakers. The third chapter presents the findings of a field study conducted with university students studying Spanish as a foreign language. The research assesses their linguistic awareness and perceptions of Spanish variation. Results indicate a marked preference for Castilian Spanish, which emerges as the dominant classroom model. This tendency reinforces the hegemony of central-northern Peninsular Spanish in the Italian educational context, revealing widespread biases and stereotypes—particularly against American varieties, often associated with informality and incorrectness. Building on these findings, the fourth chapter proposes theoretical and practical strategies to integrate general features of American Spanish into the E/LE classroom. Suggested approaches include the use of digital tools, audiovisual materials, and gamified tasks to stimulate metalinguistic awareness and prepare students for diverse communicative contexts. The fifth and final chapter offers a set of practical classroom activities designed to explore five major American macro-varieties. In conclusion, this dissertation emphasizes the need to incorporate linguistic diversity into Spanish language teaching in Italy, proposing a didactic model that fosters both linguistic competence and intercultural sensitivity, aligned with Spanish’s current pluricentric status
Public entities and insolvency situations
No full textEn la presente tesis doctoral se analiza, desde una perspectiva multidisciplinar, como se afrontan en la actualidad y como se considera que se deberían abordar de cara al futuro las situaciones de insolvencia cuando estas afectan a las entidades integrantes del sector público. La hipótesis que se trata de verificar es si resulta posible y oportuno aplicar las instituciones clásicas del Derecho concursal, oportunamente moduladas con las particularidades propias del Derecho administrativo, a las entidades públicas. Para ello, se han analizado, entre otros: datos macroeconómicos, en virtud de los cuales se trata de precisar la incidencia de los ciclos económicos en las finanzas públicas y en la capacidad de gasto de los entes del sector público para el mantenimiento de los servicios públicos; datos normativos, valorados con la finalidad de determinar la eficacia de las soluciones que ofrece el ordenamiento administrativo vigente para paliar las situaciones de insolvencia que, de facto, han afectado a los entes del sector público en las últimas décadas; y datos dogmáticos y teleológicos, referentes a unos supuestos principios desarrollados a nivel doctrinal que impedirían la extensión y aplicación de las reglas de Derecho concursal a los entes públicos.
La conclusión obtenida a partir del análisis realizado lleva a defender la tesis de que, no es sólo posible, sino también conveniente, aplicar las instituciones del Derecho concursal a los entes integrantes del sector. Ahora bien, teniendo en cuenta las particularidades presentes en la naturaleza y funciones de los entes públicos insolventes y la necesidad de garantizar que no se produzcan menoscabos en la prestación de los servicios públicos, ha sido necesario elaborar una propuesta de régimen jurídico concursal administrativizado.Questa tesi di dottorato analizza, da una prospettiva multidisciplinare, come vengono affrontate attualmente le situazioni di insolvenza e come si ritiene che debbano essere affrontate, in futuro, quando le stesse riguardano gli enti pubblici. L'ipotesi da verificare è se sia possibile e opportuno applicare gli istituti classici del diritto fallimentare, opportunamente modulati con le particolarità presenti nel diritto amministrativo, agli enti pubblici. A tal fine, si sono analizzati, tra l'altro: dati macroeconomici, in virtù dei quali si è cercato di specificare l'impatto dei cicli economici sulle finanze pubbliche e sulla capacità di spesa degli enti pubblici per il mantenimento dei servizi pubblici; dati normativi, valutati con l'obiettivo di determinare l'efficacia delle soluzioni offerte dalla legislazione amministrativa vigente per alleviare le situazioni di insolvenza che, di fatto, hanno interessato gli enti pubblici negli ultimi decenni; e dati dogmatici e teleologici, riferiti ad alcuni presunti principi elaborati a livello dottrinale che impedirebbero l'estensione e l'applicazione delle norme del diritto fallimentare agli enti pubblici. La conclusione ottenuta dall'analisi svolta ci porta a difendere la seguente tesi: non solo è possibile, ma anche consigliabile, applicare gli istituti del diritto fallimentare agli enti che compongono il settore pubblico. Tuttavia, tenendo conto delle particolarità presenti nella natura e nelle funzioni degli enti pubblici insolventi e della necessità di garantire che l'erogazione dei servizi pubblici non venga compromessa, è stato necessario elaborare una proposta di regime giuridico pubblico fallimentare.This doctoral thesis analyses, from a multidisciplinary perspective, how insolvency situations are currently dealt with and how it is considered that they should be dealt with in the future when they affect public sector entities. The hypothesis to be verified is whether it is possible and appropriate to apply the classic institutions of insolvency law, appropriately modulated with the particularities present in administrative law, to public sector entities. To this end, we have analysed, inter alia: macroeconomic data, by virtue of which the impact of economic cycles on public finances and on the spending capacity of public sector entities for the maintenance of public services is sought to be specified; regulatory data, assessed with the aim of determining the effectiveness of the solutions offered by current administrative legislation to alleviate the situations of insolvency which, de facto, have affected public sector entities in recent decades; and dogmatic and teleological data, referring to some supposed principles developed at the doctrinal level which would prevent the extension and application of the rules of insolvency law to public entities. The conclusion obtained from the analysis carried out leads us to defend the thesis that it is not only possible, but also advisable, to apply the institutions of insolvency law to the entities making up the sector. However, taking into account the particularities present in the nature and functions of insolvent public bodies and the need to guarantee that the provision of public services is not impaired, it has been necessary to draw up a proposal for an “administrativised” insolvency legal regime
Genèse et genres de la poésie politique alfierienne. Édition et étude critique de l’«Etruria vendicata» et de l’«America Libera»
No full textLa tesi prende in esame l’"Etruria vendicata" e l’"America Libera", due opere alfieriane in versi di argomento politico. L’obiettivo principale del lavoro è quello di fornire nuove edizioni critiche per i due testi e offrire elementi originali per la loro interpretazione. Nel primo capitolo, che funge al contempo da introduzione e sintesi dei risultati critici dello studio, sono condensati l’indagine storico-letteraria sulle due opere e l’approfondimento del loro rapporto con il contesto culturale e politico coevo, letto a partire dalla peculiare proposta di riforma dei generi letterari in chiave civile avanzata da Alfieri nel trattato "Del Principe e delle lettere". I capitoli successivi illustrano analiticamente l’intero dossier genetico dell’"Etruria vendicata" e dell’"America Libera", ripercorrendo il loro iter compositivo attraverso una disamina dei testimoni manoscritti e a stampa che ne attestano le diverse fasi di elaborazione. Dopo l'esposizione dei criteri di edizione vengono quindi forniti i testi critici delle due opere accompagnati dai relativi apparati e appendici.The research examines "Etruria vendicata" and "America Libera", two alfierian works in verse on political subjects. The main aim of the study is to provide new critical editions for the two texts and offer original elements for their interpretation. The first chapter, which serves as both introduction and synthesis of the critical results of the research, brings together the literary-historical investigation of the two works and an in-depth examination of their relationship to the cultural and political context of the time, read from the peculiar proposal for the reform of literary genres in a civil key advanced by Alfieri in his "Del Principe e delle lettere". The following chapters analytically illustrate the entire genetic dossier of "Etruria vendicata" and "America Libera", retracing their compositional iter through an examination of the manuscript and printed copy that attest to the different phases of their elaboration. After an exposition of the edition criteria, the critical texts of the two works are then provided, accompanied by the related apparatuses and appendices.La thèse examine l’"Etruria vendicata" et l’"America Libera", deux œuvres alfieriennes en vers sur des sujets politiques. L'objectif principal du travail est de fournir de nouvelles éditions critiques pour les deux textes et d'offrir des éléments originaux pour leur interprétation. Le premier chapitre, qui sert à la fois d'introduction et de résumé des résultats critiques de l'étude, rassemble l'enquête historico-littéraire des deux œuvres et un examen approfondi de leur relation avec le contexte culturel et politique de l'époque, à partir de la proposition particulière de réforme des genres littéraires dans une clé civile avancée par Alfieri dans son traité "Del Principe e delle lettere". Les chapitres suivants illustrent de manière analytique l'ensemble du dossier génétique de l'"Etruria vendicata" et de l'"America libera", en retraçant leur itinéraire de composition à travers l'examen des témoins manuscrits et imprimés qui attestent les différentes phases de leur élaboration. Après un exposé des critères d'édition, les textes critiques des deux œuvres sont ensuite fournis, accompagnés des appareils et des appendices correspondants
Luminescent probes for the detection of micro- and nanoplastics
No full textNanomaterial-based probes are promising tools for sensing applications due to their customizable interactions and signal amplification capabilities. Their integration with luminescent transducers can merge the advantages of nanomaterials in terms of selectivity and sensibility with the qualities of luminescence methods, including velocity, simplicity, and cost-effectiveness.
Indeed, this PhD thesis describes the synthesis, characterization, and application of luminescent nanostructured probes for environmental and biomedical purposes, particularly for detecting micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs).
MNPs pose significant environmental concerns due to their ubiquity and potential harm to ecosystems and human health. Their detection and characterization are challenging; in this context, promising tools are photoluminescence-based techniques, particularly through fluorescence microscopy after the staining with suitable probes.
The luminescent probes for MNPs detection presented in this thesis are primarily fluorogenic hyaluronic acid (HA) derivatives. Indeed, through functionalization with different luminescent dyes, hyaluronan derivatives showed an enhanced brightness upon interaction with reference materials presenting a soft polymeric shell – Pluronic Silica (PluS) nanoparticles – and MNPs, facilitating their detection using fluorescence microscopy. Additionally, fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) enables a discrimination of different types of stained plastics based on their emission lifetimes. The thesis also explores the photophysical features of promising dyes for HA functionalization and investigates co-staining methods for identifying MNPs in complex samples. Furthermore, it describes ratiometric probes for MNPs based on PluS nanoparticles, which can offer the potential for on-site monitoring with integration into a portable platform. Finally, this thesis presents aptasensors based on gold and PluS nanoparticles for biomedical applications. These sensors exhibit fluorescence enhancement or emission colour change upon interaction with target nucleic strands, demonstrating potential in solution and on paper devices.
Overall, this thesis represents a promising advancement in luminescent nanomaterial-based sensors, with applications in environmental monitoring and biomedicine, highlighting the potential of biocompatible water-soluble polymers and nanoparticles as sensors
Assessment and optimization of green wall systems: a life cycle perspective
No full textUrban environments are continuously evolving, seeking innovative solutions to enhance sustainability and ecological balance. Green wall systems have emerged as a promising approach to address these challenges, offering benefits like improved air quality, biodiversity, and thermal regulation. This thesis presents a comprehensive Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of three distinct green wall systems: the Italian Plastic-Based Green Wall (IPB-GW), the Italian Felt-Based Green Wall (IFB-GW), and the Australian Plastic-Based Green Wall (APB-GW), examining their environmental impacts across production, construction, and maintenance phases.
Employing robust methodologies aligned with ISO 14040 standards and utilizing advanced analytical tools such as OpenLCA software and the Ecoinvent® v3.7 database, the study unfolds in three phases. Initially, a comparative analysis between IPB-GW and IFB-GW is performed, uncovering the nuanced environmental implications of material choices, design intricacies, and operational practices. Subsequently, various scenarios are explored within each system to assess the potential for environmental performance optimization. Finally, the APB-GW is introduced, offering a broader perspective on global green wall technologies.
The findings indicate that while green wall systems are instrumental in enhancing urban ecosystems, their environmental sustainability is intricately tied to material selection, design, and maintenance. The IFB-GW generally exhibits higher environmental impacts, primarily due to the use of aluminum and inorganic fertilizers. In contrast, the IPB-GW presents its own set of challenges, particularly related to polypropylene use and potting soil composition. The APB-GW, with its superior performance in various environmental impact categories, showcases the importance of material innovation and efficient irrigation systems.
This research provides valuable insights for urban planners, architects, and environmental policymakers, emphasizing the necessity of sustainable material selection, resource-efficient design, and integrated water management practices. As urban areas continue to expand, the integration of green wall systems offers a sustainable pathway to enhance the quality of life, biodiversity, and ecological resilience in urban settings
How to get away with genocide in the 21st century: contesting and hollowing out the anti-genocide norm cluster
No full textDespite the emergence of an “anti-genocide norm cluster” in the 21st century, comprising the norm on the prevention and punishment of genocide and the supplementary norms of non-impunity and of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P), impunity for genocide is still widespread. The thesis therefore asks how impunity for genocide is rendered possible in the 21st century, despite the development of the anti-genocide norm cluster. To answer this research question, it analyzes the atrocities in Darfur in Sudan and the Rohingya crisis in Myanmar, which have raised international genocide accusations, albeit to different extents. The thesis argues that impunity for genocide and international collective inaction have been made possible primarily because alleged genocide perpetrators contest the applicability and/or validity of the constituent norms of the anti-genocide norm cluster. Their discursive arguments of contestation have then been replicated by some of the major actors in the international community. These two discursive contestations combine to block an international consensus on the nature of the crisis and the action and punishment to be undertaken from being reached. Through a qualitative discourse analysis of the alleged genocide perpetrators and key actors in the international community, the thesis sheds light on the discursive agency of the accused, which has brought about the breakdown of an international consensus on the nature of the crime and rendered impunity for genocide and collective inaction possible. It contributes to the norm contestation literature by showing that even small states in the Global South possess the agency to contest international norms and that their agency will be augmented if their contestation discourses are echoed by key actors in the international community. It also calls on a critical analysis of the strengths and limitations of norm clusters and points to the risk of hollowing out the anti-genocide norm cluster through recurrent contestation
Target genes in HER2 preclinical mammary carcinoma models and therapeutic vaccines
No full textAbout 20% of breast cancer patients overexpress HER2. HER2 targeted therapies have revolutionized HER2-positive breast cancer treatment; however, a significant proportion of patients present resistance to the therapy. One of the causes of resistance to HER2 targeted therapy is the loss of HER2 expression in metastases or recurrences.
In the Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis directed by Prof. Pier-Luigi Lollini, a model for cancer heterogeneity and HER2 loss has been developed, consisting of three murine cell lines (MamBo) and their clones, characterized by different expression patterns of HER2 linked to different phenotypical features and aggressiveness.
The transcriptomic analysis of MamBo cell lines enlightened an altered cholesterol regulation, particularly in the sense of HER2 loss and it was compared with the transcriptome of patients with a similar clinical condition. In both models, the HER2 loss was associated with higher expression of genes involved in cholesterol-rich signaling and intracellular transport.
Pharmacological strategies, commonly used to menage cholesterolemia, were tested in vitro on MamBo cell lines to counteract HER2 loss and cancer progression. Statin exerted a cytostatic effect, especially on the HER2 loss cell line model. To harness this cytostatic activity, it was combined with senescence inducing compounds, such as transcriptional inhibitors, or with anti-HER2 targeted therapy. In both the combinatorial approaches, statin enhanced drug efficacy.
A prototype virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccine against HER2 showed promising therapeutic activity in human HER2 transgenic mouse models without eradicating 100% of tumors. To improve VLP-HER2 therapeutic efficacy, a combined approach with another VLP-based vaccine against proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) was evaluated. This combinatorial approach inhibited tumor growth, prolonged tumor free survival in vivo and elicited antibodies that inhibited 3D tumor growth of human breast cancer cell lines, suggesting that targeting cholesterol transport in HER2-positive mammary carcinoma models can improve anti-HER2 immunological approaches
An organocatalytic approach to the stereoselective synthesis of N-N atropisomeric hydrazides via relay catalysis
No full textThe dynamic nature of single bonds in organic molecules is often overlooked despite the great potential offered by altering such rotation, as observed in atropisomers. Completely different biological, physical or chemical properties can be obtained when two different axial configurations of the same molecule are considered, with their asymmetric synthesis being of enormous importance. In the well explored scenario of C-C and C-X atropisomeric biaryls and non biaryls, atropisomerism deriving from an X-X axis is totally underdeveloped, with only few examples of asymmetric synthesis. In this context, N-N atropisomers represent interesting scaffolds for their widespread occurrence among natural products and their possible application in catalysis as chiral ligands or catalysts, or in material science. Being aware of the properties of hydrazides as bioactive compounds, my PhD project focused on the asymmetric synthesis of tetrasubstituted hydrazides featuring a N-N restricted bond. Initial investigation through computational analysis aimed to the design of a suitable hydrazide possessing sufficient restriction to rotation. Asymmetric synthesis of such compound was then achieved for the first time through a two-step organocatalytic protocol, starting from commercially available starting materials and providing high level of enantio- and diastereoselectivity on two distinct stereogenic elements. The synthesis features a sequential catalysis realized in a one-pot fashion, which makes the approach even more challenging and appealing. In depth analysis on the mechanism elucidated the factors controlling the enantioselectivity for both steps of the reaction. Finally, an even more straightforward synthesis of such hydrazides was planned through an auto-relay catalytic process. As side project, visible-light promoted deaminative functionalization of primary amines was explored during the period abroad spent in the research group of prof. Tortosa at the Universidad Autonoma de Madrid. Deaminative fluorination and arylation were developed to provide valuable final products from abundant starting materials
In transition? Energy systems and decentralisation: the case of Renewable Energy Communities
No full textL’energia ricopre un ruolo centrale nella relazione tra natura e società. Questo rapporto è mediato da grandi centri di produzione, situati a distanza dai luoghi di consumo, secondo un ideale moderno basato sull’organizzazione centralizzata dell’energia. In alternativa a questo paradigma, la decentralizzazione prevede la produzione distribuita di energia rinnovabile e la riformulazione dei rapporti di potere, con un maggiore coinvolgimento degli attori locali. La tesi apporta un contributo teorico ed empirico al dibattito sulle implicazioni della transizione energetica, considerando la centralità del passaggio da un’organizzazione centralizzata dei sistemi energetici a una decentralizzata, attraverso il caso delle Comunità Energetiche Rinnovabili (CER). Le CER sono un’innovazione sociotecnica in cui un gruppo di attori gestisce collettivamente un impianto di energia rinnovabile situato nelle immediate vicinanze, di produrre, consumare e gestire energia. Considerando i sistemi energetici come sistemi sociotecnici dati dalla relazione tra attori, istituzioni e artefatti, è stato elaborato un framework che definisce la decentralizzazione come un processo dato da cambiamenti istituzionali, dal ripensamento del ruolo della conoscenza e della partecipazione, e dalla riconfigurazione infrastrutturale. La ricerca si è articolata su due piani di analisi: un livello macro con riferimento al contesto europeo e italiano; un livello meso, identificato nella città di Bologna, in cui è stata analizzata la sperimentazione di una CER in un distretto residenziale e industriale. Le CER hanno il potenziale di istituire un sistema energetico meno centralizzato: introducono valori e norme alternative, richiedono un riposizionamento delle conoscenze degli utenti e sollecitano un ruolo attivo del territorio nella ristrutturazione infrastrutturale. Tuttavia, si scontrano con le strutture politiche, economiche e sociali incorporate nei sistemi energetici, che si traducono in una profonda riluttanza al cambiamento. La lentezza dei cambiamenti istituzionali, i limiti alla partecipazione e le resistenze infrastrutturali mostrano come l’introduzione di nuovo paradigma dipenda dal rapporto tra le tre dimensioni esaminate.Energy plays a central role in the relationship between nature and society. This relationship is mediated by large production facilities, located at a distance from places of consumption, according to a modern ideal based on the centralised organisation of energy. As an alternative to this paradigm, decentralisation involves the distributed production of renewable energy and the reformulation of power relations, with greater involvement of local actors. This thesis makes a theoretical and empirical contribution to the debate on the implications of the energy transition, considering the centrality of the transition from a centralised organisation of energy systems to a decentralised one, through the case of Renewable Energy Communities (RECs). RECs are a socio-technical innovation in which a group of actors collectively manage a local renewable energy facility to produce, consume and manage energy. Considering energy systems as socio-technical systems given by the relationship between actors, institutions and artefacts, a framework was developed that defines decentralisation as a process given by institutional changes, rethinking the role of knowledge and participation, and infrastructural reconfiguration. The research was articulated on two levels of analysis: a macro level with reference to the European and Italian context; a meso level, identified in the city of Bologna, where the experimentation of a REC in a residential and industrial district was analysed. RECs have the potential to establish a less centralised energy system: they introduce alternative values and standards, require a repositioning of user knowledge, and call for an active role of the territory in infrastructural restructuring. However, they clash with the political, economic and social structures embedded in energy systems, resulting in a profound reluctance to change. Slow institutional change, limits to participation and infrastructural resistance show how that the introduction of a new paradigm depends on the relationship between the three dimensions examined
Kingship in Kuṣāṇ times: from the origins to Kaniṣka
No full textL’impero kuṣāṇa fu fondato nel centro nevralgico delle Vie della Seta nel corso del I secolo d.C. dopo una lunga migrazione degli Yuezhi, un popolo seminomade proveniente dal Gansu cinese. Estendendosi dall’odierna India nord-occidentale fino alle propaggini di Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan e Tajikistan attraverso Pakistan e Afghanistan, i Kuṣāṇa vennero in contatto con diverse culture tramite i mercati e le relazioni internazionali, sviluppando una commistione di ideologie che ne influenzarono soprattutto la concezione del potere. Il presente progetto dottorale si propone di indagare l’evoluzione dell’ideologia della regalità nell’impero dei Kuṣāṇa dalla fondazione del regno per mano di Kujūla Kadphises (40/50-90 d.C.) fino all’avvento di Kaniṣka (127-151 d.C.), punto di arrivo dell’autolegittimazione kuṣāṇa e dell’affermazione di un’identità iranica. Questa regalità è la base di partenza per delineare la dialettica tra le realtà politiche nell’Asia centrale dei primi secoli della nostra era, in uno studio che, alla luce della frammentarietà delle fonti e della forte carenza di dati letterari, interseca linee interpretative soprattutto della documentazione numismatica, epigrafica e artistica, applicandole in un contesto geopolitico di ampio respiro, in un costante dialogo tra le diverse tipologie di fonte, trovando punti di incontro e possibili richiami in media differenti.The Kuṣāṇ Empire was founded in the nerve centre of the Silk Roads in the 1st century AD after a long migration of the Yuezhi, a semi-nomadic people from China's Gansu. Stretching from present-day north-western India to the outposts of Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan through Pakistan and Afghanistan, the Kuṣāṇs came into contact with other cultures through markets and international relations, and developed a mixture of ideologies that influenced their concept of power in particular. This doctoral project aims to examine the development of the ideology of kingship in the Kuṣāṇ empire from the founding of the kingdom by Kujūla Kadphises (40/50-90 AD) to the advent of Kaniṣka (127-151 AD), the culmination of Kuṣāṇa self-legitimation and the assertion of an Iranian identity. This kingship is the starting point for outlining the dialectic between the political realities of Central Asia in the first centuries of our era, in a study that, given the fragmentary nature of the sources and the severe lack of literary data, intersects lines of interpretation, especially of numismatic, epigraphic and artistic documentation, and applies them in a broad geopolitical context, in a constant dialogue between different types of sources, finding points of encounter and possible references in different media