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Virtuous Consumerism? The Relationship between politics and consumption in Italy during the 1970s
Get PDFAttraverso l’analisi di riviste femminili, d’attualità e di intrattenimento, fonti raccolte in archivi d’impresa (Eni e Fiat) e fonti legate al mondo pubblicitario, questa tesi vuole indagare il rapporto tra politica e consumo in Italia durante gli anni Settanta. L’analisi è partita dallo studio della crisi petrolifera del 1973, le politiche di austerità e le loro conseguenze sui costumi e i consumi, per poi estendere lo sguardo fino agli anni Ottanta, il decennio definito della “svolta edonistica”. L’analisi delle fonti ha fatto emergere come la sfera del consumo fosse un campo di confronto politico per diverse componenti della società italiana, che appoggiarono o misero in discussione, con modalità e gradi di radicalità differenti, le valutazioni sull’accesso ai consumi proprie della classe politica. I casi studio hanno fatto emergere come sui temi dell’educazione al consumo e l’accesso all’informazione ci sia stato un confronto risultato in una formalizzazione istituzionale, diventata dominante, dell’azione e dei diritti di consumatori e consumatrici. Analizzare questi meccanismi ci permette di complicare la lettura evitando una polarizzazione che veda il consumatore o come totalmente passivo e senza autonomia di pensiero o come investito di un’eccessiva possibilità di azione e di una idealizzata carica progressista. Nel corso degli anni Settanta, infatti, le visioni e prospettive sulla sfera del consumo erano molteplici e complesse e si intrecciavano con l’attualità politica, sia per quel che riguardava gli scandali e le polemiche legate alla élite politica ed economica, sia per quel che concerneva dibattiti come quello sul ruolo della donna nella società e sulla questione ambientale. L’analisi di alcune di queste narrazioni sia problematizza il rapporto tra democrazia e benessere, sia mostra alcune tappe del percorso che ha portato alle definizioni odierne di consumo e consumatore, che sono ancora oggi centrali nel rapporto tra sfera politica e sfera del consumo.The aim of this thesis is to investigate the relationship between politics and consumption in Italy during the 1970s, through the analysis of female, news and entertainment magazines, of sources collected in corporate archives (Eni and Fiat) and of sources related to the advertising world. The research started with the study of the 1973 oil crisis and the analysis of austerity policies and their consequences on customs and consumption; then it was extended to the 1980s, a decade famous for its 'hedonistic turn'. The analysis of the sources showed that consumption was a field of political confrontation for different parts of the Italian society, which supported or questioned, in different ways and to different degrees of radicality, how the political ruling classes managed the access to consumption. The case studies showed how consumer education and the access to information were subjected to a confrontation that resulted in an institutional formalisation of the action and rights of the consumers (an interpretation which became dominant). Analysing these mechanisms allows us to avoid a polarisation in which the consumer is either totally passive or is invested with an idealised progressive capacity. During the 1970s, as a matter of fact, the readings and perspectives on consumption were multiple and complex and also intertwined with current political events, such as political and economic scandals. Consumption issues emerged in connection with controversies related to political and economic elite, but also with topics such as the role of women in society and the environmental question. The analysis of some of these narratives, which emerged during the 1970s, both problematises the relationship between democracy and welfare and shows some of the stages on the path that led to today's definitions of consumption and consumer, which today are still politically relevant
Modelling, simulation and control of rotary-wing aircraft in multi-agent scenario
Get PDFThe topic of this thesis is the design and the implementation of mathematical models and control system algorithms for rotary-wing unmanned aerial vehicles to be used in cooperative scenarios.
The use of rotorcrafts has many attractive advantages, since these vehicles have the capability to take-off and land vertically, to hover and to move backward and laterally. Rotary-wing aircraft missions require precise control characteristics due to their unstable and heavy coupling aspects.
As a matter of fact, flight test is the most accurate way to evaluate flying qualities and to test control systems. However, it may be very expensive and/or not feasible in case of early stage design and prototyping. A good compromise is made by a preliminary assessment performed by means of simulations and a reduced flight testing campaign. Consequently, having an analytical framework represents an important stage for simulations and control algorithm design.
In this work mathematical models for various helicopter configurations are implemented. Different flight control techniques for helicopters are presented with theoretical background and tested via simulations and experimental flight tests on a small-scale unmanned helicopter. The same platform is used also in a cooperative scenario with a rover. Control strategies, algorithms and their implementation to perform missions are presented for two main scenarios.
One of the main contributions of this thesis is to propose a suitable control system made by a classical PID baseline controller augmented with L1 adaptive contribution. In addition a complete analytical framework and the study of the dynamics and the stability of a synch-rotor are provided. At last, the implementation of cooperative control strategies for two main scenarios that include a small-scale unmanned helicopter and a rover
Data-stream driven Fuzzy-granular approaches for system maintenance
Get PDFIntelligent systems are currently inherent to the society, supporting a synergistic human-machine collaboration. Beyond economical and climate factors, energy consumption is strongly affected by the performance of computing systems. The quality of software functioning may invalidate any improvement attempt. In addition, data-driven machine learning algorithms are the basis for human-centered applications, being their interpretability one of the most important features of computational systems. Software maintenance is a critical discipline to support automatic and life-long system operation. As most software registers its inner events by means of logs, log analysis is an approach to keep system operation. Logs are characterized as Big data assembled in large-flow streams, being unstructured, heterogeneous, imprecise, and uncertain. This thesis addresses fuzzy and neuro-granular methods to provide maintenance solutions applied to anomaly detection (AD) and log parsing (LP), dealing with data uncertainty, identifying ideal time periods for detailed software analyses. LP provides deeper semantics interpretation of the anomalous occurrences. The solutions evolve over time and are general-purpose, being highly applicable, scalable, and maintainable. Granular classification models, namely, Fuzzy set-Based evolving Model (FBeM), evolving Granular Neural Network (eGNN), and evolving Gaussian Fuzzy Classifier (eGFC), are compared considering the AD problem. The evolving Log Parsing (eLP) method is proposed to approach the automatic parsing applied to system logs. All the methods perform recursive mechanisms to create, update, merge, and delete information granules according with the data behavior. For the first time in the evolving intelligent systems literature, the proposed method, eLP, is able to process streams of words and sentences. Essentially, regarding to AD accuracy, FBeM achieved (85.64+-3.69)%; eGNN reached (96.17+-0.78)%; eGFC obtained (92.48+-1.21)%; and eLP reached (96.05+-1.04)%. Besides being competitive, eLP particularly generates a log grammar, and presents a higher level of model interpretability
Hyperspectral imaging and other optical techniques for (in-field/in-lab) physico-chemical attributes estimation of agri-food vegetal products
Get PDFIn the agri-food sector, measurement and monitoring activities contribute to high quality end products. In particular, considering food of plant origin, several product quality attributes can be monitored. Among the non-destructive measurement techniques, a large variety of optical techniques are available, including hyperspectral imaging (HSI) in the visible/near-infrared (Vis/NIR) range, which, due to the capacity to integrate image analysis and spectroscopy, proved particularly useful in agronomy and food science. Many published studies regarding HSI systems were carried out under controlled laboratory conditions. In contrast, few studies describe the application of HSI technology directly in the field, in particular for high-resolution proximal measurements carried out on the ground.
Based on this background, the activities of the present PhD project were aimed at exploring and deepening knowledge in the application of optical techniques for the estimation of quality attributes of agri-food plant products. First, research activities on laboratory trials carried out on apricots and kiwis for the estimation of soluble solids content (SSC) and flesh firmness (FF) through HSI were reported; subsequently, FF was estimated on kiwis using a NIR-sensitive device; finally, the procyanidin content of red wine was estimated through a device based on the pulsed spectral sensitive photometry technique. In the second part, trials were carried out directly in the field to assess the degree of ripeness of red wine grapes by estimating SSC through HSI, and finally a method for the automatic selection of regions of interest in hyperspectral images of the vineyard was developed.
The activities described above have revealed the potential of the optical techniques for sorting-line application; moreover, the application of the HSI technique directly in the field has proved particularly interesting, suggesting further investigations to solve a variety of problems arising from the many environmental variables that may affect the results of the analyses
The Independent Concepts of European Law in the Field of Value Added Tax
Get PDFIl presente lavoro intende indagare la formulazione di nozioni autonome di diritto europeo nell’ambito dell’imposta sul valore aggiunto elaborate dalla Corte di giustizia. Più specificamente si intende proporre una tassonomia convenzionale delle nozioni autonome, utile alla loro sistematizzazione e miglior comprensione, fondata sulla distinzione fondamentale tra nozioni autonome e nozioni proprie.
A questo scopo il lavoro propone un’ampia analisi delle nozioni nella giurisprudenza europea che vengono distinte a seconda che l’obiettivo finale dell’autonomia sia quello di limitare la discrezionalità applicativa degli Stati relativamente a ipotesi derogatorie, nel caso delle nozioni autonome in senso stretto; oppure che l’obiettivo ultimo sia quello di meglio definire l’ambito di applicazione di nozioni fondamentali nella struttura dell’imposta, nel caso delle nozioni proprie. Lo scopo del lavoro è dimostrare che la definizione funzionalistica risponde a obiettivi diversi, accomunati dal fatto di far valere comunque il primato dell'ordinamento europeo.
L’analisi e la sistematizzazione proposte possono essere uno strumento utile nell’attuazione, interpretazione e applicazione delle nozioni. In questo senso, il lavoro esamina anche esempi tratti dalle esperienze nazionali che dimostrino, da un lato, che gli interventi della Corte relativi alle nozioni influenzano gli ordinamenti nazionali; dall’altro, che permangono ancora disallineamenti.
L’analisi della giurisprudenza europea e dei regimi nazionali, infine, vuole dimostrare che l’elaborazione di nozioni autonome si inserisce nel processo verso un’armonizzazione sempre più incisiva in ambito IVA, di cui è protagonista la Corte di giustizia. Questo processo, cui l’elaborazione di un “tessuto concettuale europeo” contribuisce, comporta una limitazione della discrezionalità degli Stati, e quindi del principio di attribuzione, in nome dell’efficacia e della primazia del diritto europeo.The thesis aims at investigating the creation of independent concepts of European law in the field of Value Added Tax developed by the Court of Justice. The aim is to propose a conventional taxonomy of autonomous notions, useful for their systematisation and better understanding, based on the fundamental distinction between "autonomous" and "own" notions.
Hence, the thesis has a broad analysis of the notions in European case law, which are distinguished according to whether the ultimate objective of autonomy is to limit the States' discretion in application with regard to derogatory hypotheses (exemptions), in the case of "autonomous notions"; or whether the ultimate objective is to better define the scope of fundamental notions in the tax structure, in the case of "own notions". The aim of the work is to show that the functionalist definition responds to different objectives, which all have in common the granting of the primacy of European law.
The analysis and systematisation proposed can be a useful tool in the implementation, interpretation and application of the concepts. In this sense, the work also examines examples from national experiences that show, on the one hand, that the Court's interventions on the concepts influence national systems and, on the other hand, that misalignments still remain.
Finally, the analysis of European case law and national systems is intended to show that the development of autonomous notions is part of the process towards deeper harmonisation in the VAT field, in which the Court of Justice has a leading role. This process, to which the elaboration of a European concepts contributes, entails a limitation of the discretion of States in the name of the effectiveness and primacy of European law
Gender equality and transformative practices in Physical Education
Get PDFA partire da un paradigma ecologico ad indirizzo critico, seguendo il filone degli studi femministi, le finalità della ricerca sono state: smascherare le forme di oppressione di genere nei contesti educativi (finalità trasformativa) e produrre un sapere utile alla pratica (finalità emancipativa).
Data la complessità del contesto educativo scolastico e dell’argomento stesso che interseca vari domini di sapere, è stato adottato un approccio metodologico di metodo misto (mixed method) per poter dapprima costruire una configurazione del fenomeno oggetto d’interesse attraverso strumenti quantitativi e poi approfondirlo attraverso l’impiego di tecniche qualitative. Gli strumenti utilizzati sono stati: il questionario, l’intervista strutturata, le osservazioni, le biografie professionali, i focus-group. In sintesi, le evidenze emerse in letteratura ed empiriche mettono in luce la presenza di stereotipi di genere nelle lezioni di EF, sotto forma di pratiche inconsapevoli che gli insegnanti riproducono a seguito di un habitus socializzato in forma binaria secondo i due sessi e gerarchizzato. La dipendenza dell’EF dal mondo sportivo, dove gli stereotipi di genere sono presenti per ragioni storico-culturali e dal quale gli insegnanti attingono spesso parte del loro sapere professionale, li rende partecipi inconsapevoli del sistema di rinforzo degli stereotipi stessi, attraverso le pratiche che vanno sotto il nome di curricolo nascosto. Il termine nascosto sottolinea l’inconsapevolezza di tali pratiche, appunto nascoste alla coscienza e si deduce che la possibilità di svelarle necessita di una formazione specifica per gli insegnanti, una formazione che attinga ai processi riflessivi.Starting from a critical ecological approach, following the trend of feminist studies, the purpose of the research were to unmask the forms of gender oppression in educational contexts (transformative purpose) and to implemente transformative pedagogical practice in P.E. for gender equality (emancipatory purpose). Given the complexity of the school educational context and of the topic itself that intersects various domains of knowledge, a mixed methodological approach was adopted. First to build a configuration of the phenomenon object of interest through quantitative tools and then deepen it using qualitative techniques. The tools used were the questionnaire, structured interview, observations in situ, professional biographies and focus groups. In summary, the evidence that emerged in the literature and empirical, highlights the presence of gender stereotypes in P.E. lessons, taken in the form of unconscious practices that teachers reproduce following a habitus socialized in binary gender form and hierarchized. The sports world, where gender stereotypes are present for historical-cultural reasons and from which teachers often draw part of their professional knowledge, makes them unconscious participants of reinforcement of the stereotypes through the practices know as “hidden curriculum”. The term hidden underlines the lack of awareness of such practices. The possibility of revealing them requires specific training for teachers on the habit of reflection on teaching practices
Non conventional species as monitor of environmental pollution
Get PDFThis thesis collects several ecotoxicological studies focused on the quali- quantitative analysis of several classes of chemical compounds. Our studies have been conducted on different aquatic species occupying different food chain trophic levels and characterized by differences in biology, ethology, and nutrition, but all considered excellent bioindicators. This choice allowed us to have a broad overview of the contamination of aquatic environments. Detrimental effects of several chemical compounds on the species investigated have been discussed, considering the economic and public health implications linked to the pollution of the environment and the exposure to old and emerging xenobiotics. Our studies underline the importance of a multidisciplinary and integrated approach that includes the application of the one health concept to ensure the protection of public health and respect for natural environments. Studies collected in this thesis also aim to overcome some critical limitations of the branch of ecotoxicology, such as the lack of standardization in laboratory methods. Our data also underline the importance of expanding research to a greater number of various biological matrices than those indicated by the literature as target tissues for specific pollutants. This condition enables more detailed information on the kinetics of xenobiotics in animal organisms. Our studies also allow us to expand the knowledge related to the mechanisms of synergy and antagonism of mixtures of pollutants that can simultaneously accumulate in wildlife.Questa tesi raccoglie diversi studi ecotossicologici, che implicano una analisi quali-quantitativa relativa alla detezione di diverse classi di inquinanti su diverse specie acquatiche, che occupano differenti livelli trofici della catena alimentare, e che sono caratterizzati da differenze biologiche, etologiche e dietetiche, ma tutti considerati eccellenti bioindicatori. Questa scelta ci ha permesso di avere un'ampia panoramica della contaminazione degli ambienti acquatici. Sono stati discussi gli effetti dannosi di diversi composti chimici sulle singole specie in esame, considerando anche le implicazioni economiche e relative alla tutela della salute pubblica legate all'inquinamento dell'ambiente e all'esposizione a xenobiotici conosciuti ed emergenti. I nostri studi sottolineano l'importanza di un approccio multidisciplinare e integrato che includa l'applicazione del concetto di One Health per garantire la protezione della salute pubblica e il rispetto degli ambienti naturali. Gli studi raccolti in questa tesi mirano anche a superare alcuni importanti limiti della branca dell'ecotossicologia, come la mancanza di standardizzazione nelle metodiche laboratoristiche. I nostri dati sottolineano anche l'importanza di espandere la ricerca a un numero maggiore di matrici biologiche diverse rispetto a quelle indicate dalla letteratura come tessuti bersaglio per specifici inquinanti. Questa condizione consente di ottenere informazioni più dettagliate sulla cinetica degli xenobiotici negli organismi animali. I nostri studi permettono anche di ampliare le conoscenze relative ai meccanismi di sinergia e antagonismo delle miscele di inquinanti che possono accumularsi contemporaneamente nella fauna selvatica
Language, identity and migration: practices of translanguaging in Cesena's migrant community
Get PDFL’aumento dei flussi migratori in diversi paesi europei e la diffusione della globalizzazione su scala mondiale hanno determinato lo sviluppo di società multilingue e multiculturali tra cui quella italiana, che negli ultimi decenni si è rapidamente trasformata in una società “super-diversa”. Questi cambiamenti sociali hanno determinato una svolta anche nella ricerca in ambito sociolinguistico, che descrive e analizza la flessibilità delle pratiche comunicative determinate dalla mobilità e che ha adottato il termine translanguaging per riferirsi all’uso flessibile e dinamico dell’intero repertorio linguistico di un parlante, che include sia elementi verbali che non verbali. Questo progetto di ricerca si propone di esplorare le pratiche di translanguaging della comunità migrante di Cesena (Italia) e di indagare le percezioni dei parlanti in relazione alle loro pratiche e identità multilingue. Attraverso l’analisi qualitativa di interazioni spontanee tra i parlanti ed interviste semi-strutturate, i risultati dell’analisi da un lato evidenziano la flessibilità delle pratiche comunicative dei parlanti multilingue e la spontaneità con cui queste avvengono nella loro quotidianità, dall’altro mettono in luce la connotazione negativa che i parlanti attribuiscono alle proprie pratiche di translanguaging, rivelando l’influenza dell’ideologia del monolinguismo.Increased migration flows in many European countries and the spread of globalization all over the world have accelerated the development of multilingual and multicultural societies. Like other European countries, these migration flows have affected Italy, which has rapidly turned into a “superdiverse” society. Such changes in society urged scholars to see sociolinguistics phenomena and processes as determined by mobility and to examine them from a new perspective. To describe the flexibility and hybridity of communicative practices determined by mobility, scholars have developed a new way of describing and analysing language use in late modern societies by adopting a translanguaging perspective. This research is set at Centro Interculturale MoviMenti (Cesena, Italy), a place that offers integration and support services as well as Italian language classes to the migrant community of Cesena. This research examines migrant speakers’ translanguaging practices by analysing informal interactions amongst them on their weekly visits to Centro Interculturale MoviMenti. In addition, it investigates speakers’ perceptions and understandings of their linguistic practices and multilingual identities. Through a qualitative analysis of a collection of audio-video recordings of informal interactions and semi-structured interviews, the results of the analysis highlight from one side the flexibility of multilingual speakers’ translanguaging practices, and from the other one they reveal the negative connotation that speakers attribute to their translanguaging practices, uncovering an monolingual ideology
Contractual consequences of unfair commercial practices against consumers: relationship between contract law and unfair competition law
Get PDFEn los últimos tiempos hemos asistido a diversas situaciones en las que la contratación de productos y servicios por los consumidores se encuentra fuertemente influenciada por distintas actuaciones empresariales que pueden calificarse como prácticas desleales por engañosas o agresivas. Esta realidad pone de manifiesto la intensa interrelación que existe entre contrato y mercado, y consecuentemente la necesidad de articular puentes de conexión entre el Derecho contratos y de la competencia desleal.
Este trabajo aborda las conexiones entre estos sectores normativos con el fin de analizar las posibles soluciones a los problemas derivados de la contratación de consumo afectada por prácticas desleales.
Tras una breve introducción donde se da debida cuenta del propósito y justificación de la investigación, el trabajo inicia con la exposición de la tradicional situación de desconexión entre las disciplinas contractual y concurrencial. Posteriormente, se analizan las conexiones intersectoriales en los planos axiológico y funcional, así como los distintos materiales normativos de los que se infieren esas aun incipientes conexiones. Sobre la base de lo anterior, se examinan las medidas correctoras individuales que el Derecho de la competencia desleal pone a disposición de los consumidores para hacer frente a las prácticas desleales, las propuestas de lege ferenda proporcionadas por la doctrina patria para remover los efectos contractuales de estas prácticas, así como las diversas soluciones ofrecidas por distintos Estados miembros de la UE. A continuación, se analizan los nuevos materiales normativos provenientes de la UE que ahondan en el proceso de permeabilización entre el Derecho de contratos y de la competencia desleal, así como las iniciativas legislativas tendentes a su incorporación a nuestro ordenamiento. El trabajo concluye con un conjunto de conclusiones reasuntivas entresacadas del estudio realizado, que se clausuran con la propuesta de algunas directrices para lo que entendemos sería una correcta incorporación de la normativa comunitaria.Negli ultimi tempi abbiamo assistito a diverse situazioni in cui la contrattazione di prodotti e servizi da parte dei consumatori è stata fortemente influenzata da diverse azioni commerciali che possono essere giudicate come pratiche commerciali sleali per ingannevoli o aggressive. Questa realtà evidenzia l’intensa interrelazione che esiste tra contratto e mercato, e di conseguenza la necessità di articolare ponti di connessione tra il diritto contrattuale e il diritto della concorrenza sleale.
Questa tesi affronta le connessioni tra il diritto dei contratti e il diritto della concorrenza sleale, al fine di analizzare le possibili soluzioni ai problemi derivanti dai contratti di consumo colpiti da pratiche commerciali sleali.
Dopo una breve introduzione in cui si spiega debitamente lo scopo della ricerca e la sua giustificazione, la tesi inizia con un’esposizione della tradizionale situazione di disconnessione tra le discipline contrattuali e concorrenziale. In seguito, si analizzano le connessioni intersettoriali a livello assiologico e funzionale, così come i diversi materiali normativi da cui si deducono queste connessioni ancora incipienti. Sulla base di quanto sopra, vengono esaminati i singoli rimedi che la legge sulla concorrenza sleale mette a disposizione dei consumatori per affrontare le pratiche commerciali sleali, le proposte di lege ferenda fornite dalla dottrina nazionale per eliminare gli effetti contrattuali delle pratiche commerciali sleali, nonché le varie soluzioni offerte dai diversi Stati membri dell’UE. Segue un’analisi dei nuovi materiali normativi dell’Unione Europea che approfondiscono il processo di permeabilità tra il diritto contrattuale e il diritto della concorrenza sleale, così come le iniziative legislative volte alla loro incorporazione nel nostro sistema giuridico. La ricerca si conclude con una serie di conclusioni tratte dallo studio realizzato, che terminano con la proposta di alcune linee guida per quello che crediamo sarebbe una corretta incorporazione delle norme comunitari.In recent times we have witnessed various situations in which the contracting of products and services by consumers has been strongly influenced by different business actions that can be classified as unfair commercial practices due to being misleading or aggressive. This reality highlights the intense interrelation that exists between contract and market, and consequently the need to articulate bridges of connection between contract law and unfair competition law.
This work deals with the appreciable connections between these regulatory sectors in order to analyse the possible solutions to the problems derived from consumer contracts affected by unfair commercial practices.
After a brief introduction in which the purpose of the research and its justification are duly explained, the paper begins with an exposition of the traditional situation of disconnection between the contractual and competition disciplines. Subsequently, the intersectoral connections at the axiological and functional levels are analysed, as well as the different normative materials from which these still incipient connections are inferred. On the basis of the above, the individual remedies that unfair competition law makes available to consumers to deal with unfair commercial practices, the lege ferenda proposals provided by national doctrine to remove the contractual effects of unfair commercial practices, as well as the various solutions offered by different EU Member States are examined. This is followed by an analysis of the new normative materials from the European Union that delve into the process of permeabilisation between contract law and unfair competition law, as well as the legislative initiatives aimed at their incorporation into our legal system. The work concludes with a set of conclusions drawn from the study carried out, which are brought to a close with the proposal of some guidelines for what we understand to be a correct incorporation of EU regulations
Lie symmetries in cortical inspired CNNs
Get PDFOur scope in this thesis is to propose architectures of CNNs in such a way to model the early visual pathway, including the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus and the Horizontal Connectivity of the primary visual cortex. Moreover, we will show how cortically inspired architectures allow to perform contrast perceptual invariance as well as grouping and the emergence of visual percepts. Particularly, the LGN is modeled with a first layer l0 containing a single filter Ψ0 that pre-filters the image I. Since the RPs of the LGN cells can be modeled as a LoG, we expect to obtain a radially symmetric filter with a similar shape; to this end, we prove the rotational invariance of Ψ0 and we study the influence of this filter to the subsequent layer. Indeed, we compare the statistic distribution of the filters in the second layer l1 of our architecture with the statistic distribution of the RPs of V1 cells of a macaque. Then, we model the horizontal connectivity of V1 implementing a transition kernel K1 to the layer l1. In this setting, we study the vector fields and the association fields induced by the connectivity kernel K1. To this end, we first approximate the filters bank in l1 with a Gabor function and use the parameters just found to re-parameterize the kernel. Thanks to this step, the kernel is now re-parameterized into a sub-Riemmanian space R2 × S1. Now we are able to compare the vector and association fields induced by K1 with the models of the horizontal connectivity