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Procedure for the application of personal preventive measures and criminal procedure: a controversial relationship
Get PDFLa tesi si prefigge di far luce sui rapporti intercorrenti tra il procedimento applicativo delle misure di prevenzione personale di competenza giudiziale e il processo penale. Nello specifico, l’obiettivo è quello di mettere in evidenza tanto le interferenze, quanto le somiglianze e le inaccettabili divergenze tra i due riti. Nonostante dall’art. 29 cod. ant. traspaia un’apparente indifferenza tra azione penale e azione di prevenzione, infatti, le due sfere di tutela sono così intrecciate da rendere estremamente difficile sostenere che l’una in qualche modo non sia almeno condizionata dall’andamento dell’altra. Il fatto poi che l’unica disposizione contenente la disciplina del procedimento preventivo rinvii, per quanto non espressamente previsto e sempreché vi sia compatibilità, a quella dell’incidente di esecuzione ex art. 666 c.p.p., rimarca la vicinanza con il rito penale; una vicinanza che obbliga dottrina e giurisprudenza a interrogarsi per comprendere se almeno le principali tra le regole e i principi dettati per il processo penale possano valere anche per quello di prevenzione. Il cuore del lavoro sarà dunque dedicato a questa controversa opera di ricostruzione, al fine di individuare le garanzie che devono (o almeno dovrebbero) essere riconosciute al proposto.The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the interrelationships between the procedure for the application of judicial personal preventive measures and the criminal process. Specifically, the goal is to highlight the interferences, similarities and unacceptable divergences between the two rites. Despite the fact that an apparent indifference between criminal prosecution and preventive action transpires from Article 29 of the code ant., in fact, the two spheres of protection are so intertwined that it is extremely difficult to argue that one is not in some way at least conditioned by the performance of the other. The fact, then, that the only provision containing the regulation of preventive proceedings refers, insofar as not expressly provided for and provided there is compatibility, to article 666 of the criminal procedure code, underscores the closeness with criminal proceedings; a closeness that obliges doctrine and jurisprudence to question themselves whether at least the main among the rules and principles dictated for criminal proceedings can also apply to the preventive one. The heart of the paper will therefore be devoted to this controversial work of reconstruction, in order to identify the guarantees that must (or at least should) be recognized to the proposed
Innovation Diffusion and Biostimulant knowledge in Moroccan agriculture
Get PDFOur study focused on Morocco investigating the dissemination of PBs amongst farmers belonging to the first pillar of the GMP, located in the Fès-Meknès region. As well as to assess how innovation adoption is influenced by the network of relationships that various farmers are involved in.
We adopted an “ego network” approach to identify the primary stakeholders responsible for the diffusion of PBs. We collected data through “face-to-face” interviews with 80 farmers in April and May 2021. The data were processed with the aim of: 1) analysing the total number of main and specific topics discussed between egos and egos’ alters regarding the variation of some egos attributes; 2) analysing egos’ network characteristics using E-Net software, and 3) identifying the significant variables that influence farmers to access knowledge, use and reuse of PBs a Binary Logistic Regression (LR) was applied. The first result disclosed that the main PBs topics discussed were technical positioning, the need to use PBs, knowledge of PBs, and organic PBs. We noted that farmers have specific features: they have a high school diploma and a bachelor's degree; they are specialised in fruits and cereals farming, and they are managers and members of a professional organisation. The second result showed results of SNA: 1) PBs seem to become generally a common argument for farmers who have already exchanged fertiliser information with their alters; 2) we disclosed a moderate heterogeneity in the networks, farmers have access to information mainly from acquaintances and professionals, and 3) we revealed that networks have a relatively low density and alters are not tightly connected to each other. Farmers have a brokerage position in the networks controlling the flow of information about the PBs. LR revealed that both the farmers’ attributes and the networks’ characteristics influence growers to know, use and reuse PBs
Polyaniline-based materials and nanocomposites: from energy storage to sensing applications
Get PDFThe research work described in this thesis concerns materials for both energy storage and sensoristics applications. Firstly, the synthesis and characterization of magnetite (Fe3O4) functionalyzed with [3-(2-propynylcarbamate)propyl]triethoxysilane (PPTEOS) capable to reduce the gold precursor chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) without the need of additional reducing or stabilising agents is described. These nanoparticles were tested to improve performances of symmetric capacitors based on polyaniline and graphite foil.
Energy storage applications were investigated also during six months stay at EPFL University of Lausanne where an investigation about different tailored catalysts for Oxygen Evolution Reaction in a particular Redox Flow Battery was carried out.
For what concerns sensing applications, new materials based on cellulose modified with polyaniline and poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) (PAAMPSA) were synthesized, characterized and applied to monitor pressure, humidity, heart rate and lastly, bread fermentation in collaboration with the University of Fribourg and Zurich.
The characterizations of all the materials investigated compriseed numerous techniques such as infrared attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy (IR-ATR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), alongside linear and cyclic voltammetry (LSV and CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and chronoamperometric analyses
Against the <Biennale di Stato>. The Reform of the Italian Art Exhibitions (1945-1973)
Get PDFLa tesi si propone di ricostruire i tentativi di riforma della legislazione fascista alla base dell’ordinamento dei principali enti espostivi italiani, ossia la Biennale di Venezia, la Quadriennale di Roma e la Triennale di Milano, prendendo in esame l’iter che a partire dall’immediato dopoguerra avrebbe condotto, nel 1973, dopo ben ventotto anni di tentativi, all’approvazione del nuovo statuto della Biennale veneziana, che nelle intenzioni dei riformatori era chiamato a rappresentare il modello per la riorganizzazione non solo delle altre manifestazioni sorelle, ma di tutte le istituzioni pubbliche di cultura. In particolare, nell’ambito di questo processo, si intende qui valorizzare l’apporto del riformismo di marca azionista, incarnato al suo massimo grado dalla figura di Carlo Ludovico Ragghianti, che fu l’artefice e l’ispiratore di ben tre proposte di legge presentate in Parlamento, incentrate su due cardini principali: l’autonomia rispetto all’esecutivo e alla burocrazia, in linea con quanto stabilito dall’articolo 33 della Carta costituzionale, e la piena responsabilità sul piano gestionale-amministrativo affidata ai tecnici del settore, ossia gli artisti e i critici d’arte.The thesis aims to analyze the process of reforming the fascist legislation that regulated the main Italian art exhibitions, that is to say the Venice Biennale, the Quadriennale di Roma and the Triennale di Milano, from the Postwar period until 1973, when the new statute of the Venice Biennale was approved by Parliament. The dissertation wants to enhance the contribution of some ex members of the Partito d’Azione, in particular the art historian Carlo Ludovico Ragghianti, who was the author of three refom projects of the statute of the Venice Biennale, focused on the application of the arm’s lenght principle
Biomimetic surfaces for greener coastal infrastructures: an analysis of factors that contribute to make artificial structures more “natural”
Get PDFThe growing ecological awareness of Ocean Sprawl impacts is promoting the adoption of eco-engineering strategies to enhance the ecological performance of coastal infrastructures. Biomimicry, as an eco-engineering tool, aims to design infrastructure more suitable for wildlife by manipulating structural factors to mimic natural habitats. However, little is known about the extent to which natural and artificial substrates differ in their structure and to what extent such differences affect the biota.
To fill these knowledge gaps and consequently design biomimetic surfaces, I initially explored how much physical structure diverges between various types of natural and artificial substrates and tested to what extent differences in physical structure and material composition affect the epibenthic communities. By mean of an in-field mensurative experiment and a systematic review coupled with a meta-analysis, I found that, although communities tended to differ between natural and artificial coastal habitats, both physical structure and material composition reported an overall mild effect on epibenthic communities. However, an informed choice of building material and an appropriate combination of multiple structural manipulations can promote ecological benefits at multiple levels, from increasing the ecological performance in situ to reducing the impacts during the production process. Thus, I combined my findings in a final experiment, still in progress, where I am testing the combined role of shape, brightness and inclination of biomimetic surfaces I have designed in producing benefits at multiple levels.
Overall, I suggest that biomimicry has the potential to increase the ecological value of artificial habitats especially when a wide range of aspects is simultaneously considered. Indeed, none of the structural factors, individually, can fully mimic the “natural conditions” to effectively improve the ecological performance of the artificial substrates. This emphasizes the need to include in future works a multi-level perspective to fully achieve the great potential of biomimicry
Small Area Estimation of Economic Security
Get PDFThe objective of this thesis is the small area estimation of an economic security indicator. Economic
security is a complex concept that carries a variety of meanings. In the literature there is no a formal
unambiguous definition for economic security and in this work we refer to the definition recently
provided for its opposite, economic insecurity, as the “anxiety produced by the possible exposure to
adverse economic events and by the anticipation of the difficulty to recover from them” (Bossert and
D’Ambrosio, 2013). In the last decade interest for economic insecurity/security has grown constantly,
especially since the financial crisis of 2008, but even more in the last year after the economic
consequences due to the Covid-19 pandemic. In this research, economic security is measures through
a longitudinal indicator that takes into account the income levels of Italian households, from 2014 to
2016. The target areas are groups of Italian provinces, for which the indicator is estimated using
longitudinal data taken from EU-SILC survey. We notice that the sample size is too low to obtain
reliable estimates for our target areas. Therefore we resort to some Small Area Estimation strategies
to improve the reliability of the results. In particular we consider small area models specified at area
level. Besides the basic Fay-Herriot area-level model, we propose to consider some longitudinal
extensions, including time-specific random effects following an autoregressive processes of order 1
(AR1) and a moving average of order 1 (MA1). We found that all the small area models used show a
significant efficiency gain, especially MA1 model
Noises: a Nuisance and a Resource. Development of New Decomposition Methods of Noisy Data
Get PDFNoise is constant presence in measurements. Its origin is related to the microscopic properties of matter. Since the seminal work of Brown in 1828, the study of stochastic processes has gained an increasing interest with the development of new mathematical and analytical tools. In the last decades, the central role that noise plays in chemical and physiological processes has become recognized. The dual role of noise as nuisance/resource pushes towards the development of new decomposition techniques that divide a signal into its deterministic and stochastic components.
In this thesis I show how methods based on Singular Spectrum Analysis have the right properties to fulfil the previously mentioned requirement.
During my work I applied SSA to different signals of interest in chemistry: I developed a novel iterative procedure for the denoising of powder X-ray diffractograms; I “denoised” bi-dimensional images from experiments of electrochemiluminescence imaging of micro-beads obtaining new insight on ECL mechanism. I also used Principal Component Analysis to investigate the relationship between brain electrophysiological signals and voice emission
Women Writers and Women’s Rights: The Denunciation of Women’s Conditions in the Texts of Mary Leman Grimstone and Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda
Get PDFThrough the analysis of the prose of two nineteenth-century women writers: the English Mary Leman Grimstone and the Cuban-Spanish Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda, the present dissertation aims at unveiling the relationship between women’s writings and the struggle for the recognition of women’s rights in two different geopolitical locations. To do so, it weaves a Feminist Planetary Web between each writer and her context, as well as among both writers, finding points of connection and disconnection. It shows how women appropriated the pen in different geographical locations, exposing a particular female voice that denounced not only the oppression suffered by women, but also by other marginalized subjects. For each writer this dissertation exposes several macro-arguments present transversally in their work, like their critiques to the institution of marriage, the importance of proper education for women, the advocacy for religious tolerance, and the narrative construction of different male and female paradigms. The critiques to the institution of marriage is a point of connection between both authors. They also coincided in highlighting the importance of women’s right to access a proper education. Aside from these commonalities, this dissertation also analyses how Grimstone and Gómez de Avellaneda negotiated their position in the literary public realm, showing how it was precisely in this point that readers and critics can find noteworthy differences between them
Waste prevention: policy instruments and business model innovation
Get PDFWaste prevention (WP) is a strategy which helps societies and individuals to strive for sufficiency in resource consumption within planetary boundaries alongside sustainable and equitable well-being and to decouple the concepts of well-being and life satisfaction from materialism.
Within this dissertation, some instruments to promote WP are analysed, by adopting two perspectives: firstly, the one of policymakers, at different governance levels, and secondly, the one of business in the electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) sector. At a national level, the role of WP programmes and market-based instruments (extended producer responsibility, pay-as-you-throw schemes, deposit-refund systems, environmental taxes) in boosting prevention of municipal solid waste is investigated. Then, focusing on the Emilia-Romagna Region (Italy), the performances of the waste management system are assessed over a long period, including some years before and after an institutional reform of the waste management governance regime. The impact of a centralisation (at a regional level) of both planning and economic regulation of the waste services on waste generation and WP is analysed. Finally, to support the regional decision-makers in the prioritisation of publicly funded projects for WP, a framework for the sustainability assessment, the evaluation of success, and the prioritisation of WP measures was applied to some projects implemented by Municipalities in the Region.
Trying to close the research gap between engineering and business, WP strategies are discussed as drivers for business model (BM) innovation in EEE sector. Firstly, an innovative approach to a digital tracking solution for professional EEE management is analysed. New BMs which facilitate repair, reuse, remanufacturing, and recycling are created and discussed. Secondly, the impact of BMs based on servitisation and on producer ownership on the extension of equipment lifetime is analysed, by performing a review of real cases of organizations in the EEE sector applying result- and use-oriented BMs
PCM-based battery thermal management systems, energy saving materials and LCA strategy for automotive
Get PDFThis PhD work arises from the necessity to give a contribution to the energy saving field, regarding automotive applications. The aim was to produce a multidisciplinary work to show how much important is to consider different aspects of an electric car realization: from innovative materials to cutting-edge battery thermal management systems (BTMSs), also dealing with the life cycle assessment (LCA) of the battery packs (BPs). Regarding the materials, it has been chosen to focus on carbon fiber composites as their use allows realizing light products with great mechanical properties. Processes and methods to produce carbon fiber goods have been analysed with a special attention on the university solar car Emilia 4. The work proceeds dealing with the common BTMSs on the market (air-cooled, cooling plates, heat pipes) and then it deepens some of the most innovative systems such as the PCM-based BTMSs after a previous experimental campaign to characterize the PCMs. After that, a complex experimental campaign regarding the PCM-based BTMSs has been carried on, considering both uninsulated and insulated systems. About the first category the tested systems have been pure PCM-based and copper-foam-loaded-PCM-based BTMSs; the insulated tested systems have been pure PCM-based and copper-foam-loaded-PCM-based BTMSs and both of these systems equipped with a liquid cooling circuit. The choice of lighter building materials and the optimization of the BTMS are strategies which helps in reducing the energy consumption, considering both the energy required by the car to move and the BP state of health (SOH). Focusing on this last factor, a clear explanation regarding the importance of taking care about the SOH is given by the analysis of a BP production energy consumption. This is why a final dissertation about the life cycle assessment (LCA) of a BP unit has been presented in this thesis