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Sustainability and environmental impact of the Italian ceramic tile industry
Get PDFThe increasing consumption rates among citizens and the uncontrolled exploitation of natural resources have made environmental pollution and management of waste the main problems facing humanity in its upcoming future. Together with generation of energy and transport, industrial production certainly plays a key role in the genesis of these problems. It is for this reason that the concepts of environmental, social and economic sustainability have emerged over the years as the cornerstones for future development. In light of this, the most forward-looking industries have begun to study their impact on environment and society in order to improve their performances and, at the same time, to anticipate the increasingly rigorous environmental regulations.
In this work, various performance indicators related to the Italian ceramic tile sector will be presented and discussed. In particular, the emission factor of characteristic pollutants will be reported on a period of up to fifteen years while data regarding waste management, concentration of pollutants and emission legal limits for the last decade will be here disclosed as a result of a vast analysis on recorded data.
The collected information describes the present level of performance of the ceramic tile manufacturing industries in Italy and shows how recycling is now a consolidated reality and how some pollutants, such as particulate matter, fluorine and lead are actually disappearing from production processes and how others, such as volatile organic compounds, are increasing instead. Moreover, the adoption of alternative raw materials for the production of ceramic tiles is discussed and the implementation of the recycling of various waste is addressed at experimental or industrial scale. Finally, the development of a new ceramic engobe with high content of waste glass (20%) is presented as an experimental example of reutilization of resources in the ceramic tile industry
Mapping socialist solidarities: SWAPO, the Namibian liberation struggle, and the Global Cold War
Get PDFThis thesis addresses the entanglements between the Namibian liberation struggle and the global Cold War, focusing on the socialist support provided to the South West African People Organization (SWAPO), the liberation movement that fought for the independence of the country from the South African regime.
This thesis aims at analyzing three socialist models of solidarity with the SWAPO’s struggle that developed especially from the late 1970s. Combining archival sources and biographical accounts, it examines the politics of solidarity with SWAPO implemented by East Germany, Cuba, and the Italian Communist Party. The interest lies in understanding how solidarity was declined and received by internal promoters and external addressees. Thus, I explore how these three actors constructed their concept of solidarity with SWAPO according to their national and ideological contexts and how this was received by the SWAPO members who experienced it in various ways. Each socialist actor promoted solidarity with SWAPO by using varying narratives, pursuing their own objectives, and employing diverse instruments, thus carrying out different and sometimes competing visions of socialism and solidarity. On its side, SWAPO was able to take advantage from such visions, as each of them could serve its different needs in diverse ways.
In providing a general overview of these three solidarity policies, this thesis has the objective of highlighting the internal pluralization of the “socialist solidarity regime” while at the same time contributing to the debate on the extent of SWAPO’s commitment to socialism during the Namibian liberation struggle. It argues that, while pragmatism has always guided SWAPO during the liberation struggle and the post-independence period, and non-alignment has always been its international stance, socialism has to some extent been a model for the revolution in Namibia, to the point that it is still influencing the SWAPO party today
Immune-mediated diseases in dogs and cats
Get PDFLa presente tesi di dottorato affronta alcune delle più comuni malattie immunomediate del cane e del gatto. Il manoscritto è incentrato sugli aspetti diagnostici e terapeutici in corso di: anemia emolitica immunomediata (Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, IMHA), trombocitopenia immunomediata (Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, ITP) e poliartrite immunomediata (Immune-mediated polyarthritis, IMP).
Il capitolo 1 costituisce un’introduzione all’argomento delle malattie immunologiche; vengono sottolineati alcuni aspetti patogenetici delle singole malattie immunomediate e riassunte le difficoltà diagnostiche e terapeutiche.
Il capitolo 2 riporta uno studio riguardante una popolazione di gatti con diagnosi, o sospetto diagnostico, di IMHA che evidenziava una discrepanza tra i test diagnostici per il virus della leucemia felina (Feline Leukemia Virus, FeLV). La positività FeLV al test point of care, non confermata dalla PCR del DNA provirale, lascia spazio a diverse interpretazioni.
Il capitolo 3 mostra i dati relativi al confronto tra tre diversi protocolli immunosoppressivi (glucocorticoidi, glucocorticoidi+ciclosporina, glucocorticoidi+micofenolato mofetile) in una popolazione di cani con IMHA non associativa. Il confronto verteva, principalmente, sulla risposta ematologica dei pazienti, che non si è dimostrata differente tra i tre gruppi terapeutici.
Il capitolo 4 riporta una revisione della letteratura riguardante l’ITP del cane e del gatto. Si tratta di una malattia eterogenea in cui le manifestazioni cliniche appaiono variabili: alcuni pazienti sono asintomatici, altri presentano dei sanguinamenti spontanei. La mancanza di criteri diagnostici standardizzati, porta il clinico a considerare l’ITP una diagnosi “ad esclusione”. Le strategie terapeutiche non si basano purtroppo su linee guida condivise, pertanto il target della terapia rimane, ad oggi, sconosciuto.
Nel capitolo 5 viene posta l’attenzione su alcuni interrogativi diagnostici e terapeutici che riguardano l’IMP del cane e del gatto. La sintomatologia clinica, caratterizzata da zoppia, febbre e riluttanza al movimento, talvolta può essere subdola. Anche in questa malattia, non vi sono evidenze scientifiche circa il regime immunosoppressivo più corretto ed indicato.The manuscript focuses on the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA), immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (ITP) and immune-mediated polyarthritis (IMP).
Chapter 1 is an introduction to the subject of immunological diseases; some pathogenetic aspects of immune-mediated diseases are reported and the diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties are summarized.
Chapter 2 reports a study that describes conflicting results in point of care (POC) feline leukemia virus (FeLV) tests and pro-virus polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in a population of cats with anaemia of suspected immune-mediated origin (ASIMO) and assess survival in this population. These results confirmed the necessity of confirming positive POC FeLV tests using further essays like pro-virus PCR, especially if a haemolytic or immune-mediated process is suspected.
Chapter 3 shows data comparing three different immunosuppressive protocols (glucocorticoids, glucocorticoids+cyclosporine, glucocorticoids+mycophenolate mofetil) in dogs with non-associative IMHA (naIMHA). The comparison mainly concerned the haematological response (HR) of the patients, based on resolution of anemia and the disappearance of signs of immune-mediated destruction. Data showed that dogs undergoing combined immunosuppressive therapy seemed not to have a better hematological response if compared with dogs treated with corticosteroids alone.
Chapter 4 reports a review regarding canine and feline ITP. It is a heterogeneous disease in which the clinical manifestations appear heterogeneous: some patients are asymptomatic others have spontaneous bleeding. The lack of standardized diagnostic criteria leads the clinician to consider ITP as a diagnosis of exclusion. The therapeutic strategies are unfortunately not based on standardized guidelines, therefore the target of the therapy remains, to date, unknown.
Chapter 5 focuses on some diagnostic and therapeutic questions concerning the IMP of dogs and cats. The clinical presentation, characterized by lameness, fever and reluctance to walk, can sometimes be subtle. Even in this disease, there is no consensus regarding the most correct and indicated immunosuppressive regimen
Postcolonial spaces: dislocations, diasporas, cartographies
Get PDFLa presente tesi di dottorato si propone di ricostruire criticamente la riflessione postcoloniale sullo spazio, riconoscendo nella critica postcoloniale l’introduzione di una fondamentale interrogazione degli spazi che sviluppa cartografie concettuali originali. Il lavoro si concentra sulla duplice operazione svolta dagli studi postcoloniali rispetto al tema degli spazi, riguardando, da una parte, le istanze critiche volte a condannare e contraddire le diverse spazialità del dominio coloniale; dall’altra, elaborando in risposta delle alternative concettuali forti, tali da offrire nuove immagini e strumenti per ripensare in modo abilitante gli spazi politici per il presente globale. Rispecchiando questo duplice indirizzo, la tesi si divide in due parti, precedute da un capitolo introduttivo, volto a presentare una strategia di fondo del pensiero postcoloniale sugli spazi, quella di un "entanglement" atto a ingarbugliare produttivamente fra loro le spazialità sottoposte a divisione e segregazione da parte del dominio coloniale (capitolo 1). A seguire, una pars destruens indaga la contestazione postcoloniale di specifiche spazialità coloniali, (capitolo 2); e discute la critica postcoloniale mossa alla geografia e alla cartografia moderne, in quanto strumenti di potere/sapere coloniale, atti alla costruzione di uno spazio globale strutturalmente asimmetrico, a cui consegue però, da parte postcoloniale, l’elaborazione di contro-cartografie critiche (capitolo 3). Segue una pars construens, dedicata a due concetti-chiave della riflessione postcoloniale sullo spazio, ovvero il pianeta, indagato come “sovrascrittura del globo”, la riflessione sul quale inoltre si fa occasione, da parte del pensiero postcoloniale, per intercettare istanze ecologiche urgenti e, insieme, riflettere sul problema del cosmopolitismo (capitolo 4); e il confine, la cui ricca e complessa ri-significazione in una prospettiva postcoloniale viene qui ricostruita nelle sue molte dimensioni (capitolo 5). Seguono delle conclusioni a fare un riassunto e un bilancio degli argomenti così ripercorsi, mettendo in luce in particolare i temi della dislocazione, della diaspora e della traduzione.The aim of this thesis is a critical reconstruction of the postcolonial reflection on space. The thesis mirrors a twofold operation within postcolonial critiques of space: on the one hand, the critical contestation of different types of spatiality of colonial domination, on the other hand, the conceptual alternatives provided in response by postcolonial critique, that offers new imagines and tools to rethink of political spaces in an empowering way. In order to mirror this twofold move, the thesis is structured in two parts, preceded by a first chapter that illustrates a fundamental strategical move of postcolonial critique, namely the critical entanglement of scattered spaces that have been set apart and segregated by colonial dominations (Chapter 1). A pars destruens follows, concentrating on the postcolonial contestation of specific colonial spaces (Chapter 2), and exploring postcolonial critiques to modern geography and cartography, meant as instruments of colonial power/knowledge that build a global space that is inherently asymmetrical, to which postcolonial studies respond by way of developing critical counter-cartographies (Chapter 3). The following pars construens, on the other hand, concentrates on two main concepts of the postcolonial conceptualization of space, namely the planet and the border. The planet is investigated as an “over-writing of the globe”, and as an occasion for postcolonial studies to reflect on questions of ecology and cosmopolitics (Chapter 4). Chapter 5 reconstructs the multi-faceted levels of a complex postcolonial re-signification of the notion of border. Eventually, a concluding section recalls all the aforementioned arguments, with particular reference to the notions of dislocation, diaspora, and translation
Plasma-activated liquids as promising tools for non-invasive selective treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer
Get PDFPlasma medicine is a branch of plasma-promising biomedical applications that uses cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) as a therapeutic agent in treating a wide range of medical conditions including cancer. Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a highly malignant and aggressive form of ovarian cancer, and most patients are diagnosed at advanced stages which significantly reduces the chances of successful treatment. Treatment resistance is also common, highlighting the need for novel therapies to be developed to treat EOC. Research in Plasma Medicine has revealed that plasma has unique properties suitable for biomedical applications and medical therapies, including responses to hormetic stimuli. However, the exact mechanisms by which CAP works at the molecular level are not yet fully understood.
In this regard, the main goal of this thesis is to identify a possible adjuvant therapy for cancer, which could exert a cytotoxic effect, without damaging the surrounding healthy cells. An examination of different plasma-activated liquids (PALs) revealed their potential as effective tools for significantly inhibiting the growth of EOC. The dose-response profile between PALs and their targeted cytotoxic effects on EOC cells without affecting healthy cells was established. Additionally, it was validated that PALs exert distinct effects on different subtypes of EOC, possibly linked to the cells' metabolism. This suggests the potential for developing new, personalized anticancer strategies. Furthermore, it was observed that CAP treatment can alter the chemistry of a biomolecule present in PAL, impacting its cytotoxic activity. The effectiveness of the treatment was also preliminarily evaluated in 3D cultures, opening the door for further investigation of a possible correlation between the tumor microenvironment and PALs' resistance. These findings shed light on the intricate interplay between CAP and the liquid substrate and cell behaviour, providing valuable insights for the development of a novel and promising CAP-based cancer treatment for clinical application
Bio-preservation and bio-active compounds as sustainable strategies to improve quality and safety of fresh and fermented products
Get PDFThe development of new “green” and sustainable approaches to reduce food wastes, guaranteeing food quality, microbiological safety and the environmental sustainability, is of great interest for food industry. This PhD thesis, as part of the European project BioProMedFood (PRIMA–Section2 Programme), was focused on two strategies: the use of natural antimicrobials and the application of microbial strains isolated from spontaneously fermented products. The first part concerned the valorisation of microbial biodiversity of 15 Mediterranean spontaneously fermented sausages, through the isolation of autochthonous lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains, mainly Latilactobacillus sakei, that were characterised regarding their safety and technological aspects. The most promising strains were tested as bio-protective cultures in fresh sausages, showing promising anti-listerial activity, or as starter cultures in fermented sausages. The second part of the research was focused on the use of natural compounds (phenolic extracts and essential oils from Juniperus oxycedrus needles and Rubus fruticosus leaves) with antimicrobial potential. They were tested in vitro against List. monocytogenes and Enterococcus faecium, showing differences in relation to species and type of extracts, but they hint at important possibilities for applications in specific foods. Concluding, this PhD thesis highlighted the great potential of traditional meat products as an isolation source of new strains with industrial importance. Moreover, the antimicrobial potential of compounds obtained from plant matrices opened promising perspectives to exploit them as “green” strategies to increase fresh food safety. The last topic of research, carry out in collaboration with Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences (University of Granada), investigated the effect of LAB fermentation on avocado leaves by-products, focusing on the bio-availability of phenolic compounds in the plant extracts, caused by microbial metabolism
Exploring the internal kinematics of Galactic Globular Cluster cores
Get PDFGlobular clusters (GCs) are traditionally described as simple quasi-relaxed non-rotating stellar systems, characterized by spherical symmetry and isotropy in velocity space. However, recent studies have shown deviations from isotropic velocity distributions and significant internal rotation in many GCs, suggesting that their internal structure and kinematics are more complex than previously thought.
The aim of this thesis is to investigate the internal kinematics of Galactic Globular Clusters (GGCs) as part of the Multi-Instrument Kinematic Survey (MIKiS), which exploits the capabilities of different ESO-VLT spectrographs to obtain comprehensive velocity dispersion (VD) and rotation profiles of GGCs.
Moreover, this thesis has the particular goal of unraveling the kinematics of GC cores, which are still largely unexplored, by taking advantage of the exceptional spatial resolution of the adaptive-optics assisted integral-field spectrograph MUSE/NFM.
The thesis presents a thorough kinematic study of three GGCs NGC 1904, NGC 6440, and NGC 6569. By combining the data sets acquired with four different spectrographs, we obtained the radial velocity (RV) of more than 1000 individual stars in each cluster, sampling from the innermost to the outermost regions. This allowed us to obtain the entire VD profile of each cluster and exclude the presence of an intermediate-mass black hole in the core of NGC 1904, at odds with previous findings obtained from integrated-light spectra. The studies also revealed signatures of internal rotation in each of the GCs studied. These results, supported by those of N-body simulations, prove that GCs were born with a significant initial rotation that they gradually lost through internal two-body relaxation and angular momentum loss carried away by escaping stars.
Furthermore, we derived the structural parameters of NGC 6440 and NGC 6569, obtaining a comprehensive overview of the internal kinematics and structure of these GCs, which is necessary to properly reconstruct the evolutionary history of these systems
Physical modeling and numerical simulations of degradation mechanisms in devices and insulators for power applications
Get PDFIn this thesis, a TCAD approach for the investigation of charge transport in amorphous silicon dioxide is presented for the first time. The proposed approach is used to investigate high-voltage silicon oxide thick TEOS capacitors embedded in the back-end inter-level dielectric layers for galvanic insulation applications. In the first part of this thesis, a detailed review of the main physical and chemical properties of silicon dioxide and the main physical models for the description of charge transport in insulators are presented. In the second part, the characterization of high-voltage MIM structures at different high-field stress conditions up to the breakdown is presented. The main physical mechanisms responsible of the observed results are then discussed in details. The third part is dedicated to the implementation of a TCAD approach capable of describing charge transport in silicon dioxide layers in order to gain insight into the microscopic physical mechanisms responsible of the leakage current in MIM structures. In particular, I investigated and modeled the role of charge injection at contacts and charge build-up due to trapping and de-trapping mechanisms in the oxide layer to the purpose of understanding its behavior under DC and AC stress conditions. In addition, oxide breakdown due to impact-ionization of carriers has been taken into account in order to have a complete representation of the oxide behavior at very high fields. Numerical simulations have been compared against experiments to quantitatively validate the proposed approach. In the last part of the thesis, the proposed approach has been applied to simulate the breakdown in realistic structures under different stress conditions. The TCAD tool has been used to carry out a detailed analysis of the most relevant physical quantities, in order to gain a detailed understanding on the main mechanisms responsible for breakdown and guide design optimization
Seismic vulnerability of buildings and non-structural elements: insights from the 2011 Lorca earthquake
Get PDFThis PhD dissertation presents a profound study of the vulnerability of buildings and non-structural elements stemming from the investigation of the Mw 5.2 Lorca 2011 earthquake; which constitutes one of the most significant earthquakes in Spain. It left nine fatalities due to falling debris from reinforced concrete buildings, 394 injured and material damage valued at 800 million euros.
Within this framework, the most relevant initiatives concerning the vulnerability of buildings and the exposure of Lorca are studied. This work revealed two lines of research: the elaboration of a rational method to determine the adequacy of a specific fragility curve for the particular seismic risk study of a region; and the relevance of researching the seismic performance of non-structural elements.
As a consequence, firstly, a method to assess and select fragility curves for seismic risk studies from the catalogue of those available in the literature is elaborated and calibrated by means of a case study. The said methodology is based on a multidimensional index and provides a ranking that classifies the curves in terms of adequacy. Its results for the case of Lorca led to the elaboration of new fragility curves for unreinforced masonry buildings. Moreover, a simplified method to account for the unpredictable directionality of the seism in the creation of fragility curves is contributed.
Secondly, the characterisation of the seismic capacity and demand of the non-structural elements that caused most of the human losses is studied. Concerning the capacity, an analytical approach derived from theoretical considerations to characterise the complete out-of-plane seismic response curve of unreinforced masonry cantilever walls is provided; as well as a simplified and more practical trilinear version of it. Concerning the demand, several methods for characterising the Floor Response Spectra of reinforced concrete buildings are tested through case studies
QoS-aware architectures, technologies, and middleware for the cloud continuum
Get PDFThe recent trend of moving Cloud Computing capabilities to the Edge of the network is reshaping how applications and their middleware supports are designed, deployed, and operated. This new model envisions a continuum of virtual resources between the traditional cloud and the network edge, which is potentially more suitable to meet the heterogeneous Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of diverse application domains and next-generation applications. Several classes of advanced Internet of Things (IoT) applications, e.g., in the industrial manufacturing domain, are expected to serve a wide range of applications with heterogeneous QoS requirements and call for QoS management systems to guarantee/control performance indicators, even in the presence of real-world factors such as limited bandwidth and concurrent virtual resource utilization. The present dissertation proposes a comprehensive QoS-aware architecture that addresses the challenges of integrating cloud infrastructure with edge nodes in IoT applications. The architecture provides end-to-end QoS support by incorporating several components for managing physical and virtual resources. The proposed architecture features: i) a multilevel middleware for resolving the convergence between Operational Technology (OT) and Information Technology (IT), ii) an end-to-end QoS management approach compliant with the Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) standard, iii) new approaches for virtualized network environments, such as running TSN-based applications under Ultra-low Latency (ULL) constraints in virtual and 5G environments, and iv) an accelerated and deterministic container overlay network architecture. Additionally, the QoS-aware architecture includes two novel middlewares: i) a middleware that transparently integrates multiple acceleration technologies in heterogeneous Edge contexts and ii) a QoS-aware middleware for Serverless platforms that leverages coordination of various QoS mechanisms and virtualized Function-as-a-Service (FaaS) invocation stack to manage end-to-end QoS metrics. Finally, all architecture components were tested and evaluated by leveraging realistic testbeds, demonstrating the efficacy of the proposed solutions