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Dielectric softening in the halide double perovskites A2Au2X6 (A: Cs, Rb; X: Cl, Br, I) via a strain-mediated pseudo-triggered mechanism
Get PDFIn the Borderlands of the Anthropocene: Eco-Nationalism and Sarah Moss's Climate Fictions
Get PDFFrom the rain falling on the shores of a Loch in Summerwater (2020) to the Northumbrian past reenacted in Ghost Wall (2018), the fiction of contemporary British novelist Sarah Moss depicts how a humanity forced to reckon with its interdependence with nonhuman counterparts struggles to give up its anthropocentricism. Moss intertwines ancestral attachment to land with an impending sense of global ecological collapse in the wake of Britain’s exit from the European Union and exposes the intersection between nationalist ideologies and violent attitudes towards animals, plants, and local environments. By likening the scapegoating of vulnerable individuals to violent exploitation of natural resources, the novels intertwine imperial nostalgia with an anxiety around gender roles and humans’ place within a world bent on ecological disaster
Controlling crystallisation with audible low frequency sound
Get PDFWe show that low-frequency audible sound drives the crystallisation of distinct solid forms of organic compounds in solution crystallisation. In contrast to silent crystallisation, ROY and anthranilic acid crystallized as distinct polymorphs, concomitant forms, and with novel morphologies resulting in preferred orientation depending on the sound frequency and amplitude
Innovative design and performance analysis of a Static Shaft Wankel Expander for Micro-Scale Organic Rankine Cycles
No full textTowards an Integrative Account of Potential Mechanisms Mediating the Path From Sleep Dysfunction to Hallucinations
Get PDFBackground: Sleep dysfunction shares a bidirectional relationship with hallucinatory experiences, with the strongest path from sleep dysfunction to the occurrence of hallucinatory experiences. This review aimed to identify potential mechanisms through which sleep dysfunction leads to hallucinations.Study design:A narrative review was conducted across 4 levels of explanation: phenomenology (via lived-experience accounts), psychology, neural networks, and neurophysiology.Study results:Relatively few studies have directly tested underlying mechanisms linking sleep dysfunction to hallucinations, particularly at the levels of neural networks and neurophysiology. There is good support for stress as a mediator between sleep dysfunction and hallucinations. Stress was a plausible mechanism across levels of explanation and was supported by sleep manipulation studies in non-clinical populations. Inflammation of the nervous system is affected by sleep loss, which in turn impacts the brain connectivity underpinning hallucinatory experiences. Lived-experience accounts identified 3 novel mechanisms, all of which are meaningful to people with lived experience of hallucinations: source monitoring, mental resilience, and reasoning skills. Quantitative studies show these mechanisms are impacted by sleep loss, but the full causal path from sleep dysfunction to hallucinations via these mechanisms requires testing.Conclusions:Key priorities for future research are to (1) test stress as a mediator in clinical populations experiencing hallucinations, with stress assessed across the levels of explanation simultaneously; (2) carry out experimental tests of novel potential mediators identified in this review (eg, source monitoring, inflammation, prefrontal cortical networks); and (3) identify potential moderators that might explain individual differences in the lived-experience accounts of the effect of sleep dysfunction on hallucinations
A simplified modelling strategy for FRCM-strengthened masonry panels subjected to the in-plane loading
Get PDFThis paper applies the discrete macro-element method (DMEM) to validate a simplified modelling strategy for the nonlinear in-plane response of masonry panels strengthened by Fabric Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (FRCM) systems. Following the general DMEM strategy, the presence of continuous strengthening fibre-reinforced composite layers applied on the external faces of the masonry wall has been described using 1D nonlinear links simulating the tensile failure of the reinforcement and its shear-delamination from the masonry substrate. Specifically, the masonry element and the FRCM layers have been simulated considering an equivalent homogeneous continuum material, discretised using a regular mesh of elastic-shear-deformable discrete elements interacting along their rigid edges through nonlinear discrete interfaces. The numerical analyses were conducted using the OpenSees software platform by simulating the experimental diagonal compression tests available in the literature. The results of the analyses are presented in terms of stress–strain curves, failure mechanisms and stress contours. The comparisons with the experimental observations have evidenced the capability of the adopted simplified modelling strategy to accurately predict the nonlinear and ultimate behaviour of masonry panels strengthened by FRMC systems with a potential limited computational burden
Extreme faunal endemism, super-island faunas, and the Late Ordovician mass extinction
Get PDFThe majority of studies on mass extinction events (MEEs) have focused on the various extrinsic or palaeoenvironmental killing mechanisms, most associated with habitat destruction and some of which remain hotly contested. The ‘mass extinction by insularization and kill’ (MEIK) model of this study is proposed as a significant intrinsic cause of the Late Ordovician MEE based on palaeoecological and palaeobiogeographical analyses of Ordovician brachiopod faunas from Laurentia and its adjacent tectonic plates. During the Late Ordovician pulses of a first-order sea-level rise, the MEIK model reveals that biodiversity hotspots shifted from open ocean to epicontinental seas associated with a drastic increase in faunal endemism. Continental-sized ‘island faunas’, exemplified by the Laurentian intracratonic-sea brachiopods, were characterized by high abundance but relatively low diversity, but more critically the eventual loss of their inter-plate dispersal ability. The onset of mass extinction of these highly endemic ‘super-island’ faunas, specialized in living in shallow intracratonic seas for ∼8 million years during the Katian, occurred at the start of the Hirnantian glaciation due to draining of epicontinental seas and loss of their specialized habitats. The data presented here suggest that during a major sea-level rise, global biodiversity epicentres migrated from the ocean to epicontinental seas, becoming genetically isolated, rendering marine shelly benthos intrinsically susceptible to rapid environmental change and subsequent mass extinction
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