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Entrepreneurial Resilience in The Digital Era: The Role of Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy and Passion
No full textAlthough digitalization has garnered a growing body of research, our understanding of when and how the adoption of digital technologies leads to more resilient entrepreneurial outcomes is limited. We draw on social cognitive theory to develop a moderated mediation model in which digital technologies indirectly promote entrepreneurial resilience through self-efficacy. We further propose that entrepreneurial passion serves as a key boundary condition that influences the strength of this indirect effect. Using data obtained from 300 SME owners/managers in the UK, the results suggest that entrepreneurial self-efficacy mediates the digitalization-resilience nexus, while entrepreneurial passion moderates this mediated relationship. We contribute to the entrepreneurship literature by highlighting that digitalization alone is insufficient to help entrepreneurs sustain their ventures in challenging conditions. Our results have significant implications for both practitioners and policymakers
Sustainable technology evolution in innovation ecosystems: A regulatory framework for (non)-convergent technologies
No full textTechnological convergence is a critical driver of technological evolution and industrial transformation, yet, convergence also generates complex ethical, sustainability, and regulatory challenges that remain poorly understood and insufficiently theorized. This study advances a conceptual framework that explains the regulatory mechanisms shaping convergence and non-convergence dynamics across three ecosystem layers: components, products and applications, and support and infrastructure. By distinguishing these layers, the framework reveals how interdependent evolution can raise ethical, sustainability, and regulatory concerns at different levels. The study advances theory by (1) reconceptualizing convergence as a multi-layered phenomenon, (2) expanding analysis beyond appropriability indicators such as patents to include development-based mechanisms like licensing, (3) proposing a dual regulatory role in balancing innovation development and appropriation, and (4) showing how regulation conditions the effects of convergence and non-convergence on technological sustainability
Do Differentiated Leader–Follower Relationships Matter for Collective Emotion? A Multilevel Investigation of LMX Differentiation, Work Group Positive Affect, and Trickle‐Out Effects on Customer Outcomes
No full textEmotions pervade work groups and shape employee–customer interactions, yet little is known about how differentiated leader–member relationships shape affective experiences within work groups and beyond. Drawing on the integrated social comparison and emotion contagion framework, we examine the role of LMX differentiation on both employee and customer affective and service‐related outcomes. Using multilevel data from 1608 hair salon employees nested within 165 salons and 3139 customers, we test a model linking LMX differentiation to group positive affective tone and positive affective variation within the salon. We further examine trickle‐out effects on customers by testing the indirect effects of LMX differentiation on customer positive affective experiences and customer perceptions of service quality. Our results show that LMX differentiation is negatively related to work group positive affective tone, whereas positively related to work group positive affective variation. We further find support for a serial mediation effect of LMX differentiation on customer perceptions of service quality via group positive affective tone (but not group affective variation) and customer positive affective experience. Our findings underscore the pivotal role of LMX differentiation in shaping collective affect within the leader's work group and beyond group boundaries, influencing customer experiences
Investigating controls on fluvial grain sizes in post-glacial landscapes using citizen science
No full textThe grain sizes of sediments in channels have been linked to landscape characteristics, such as flow distance from headwaters, topographic relief, lithology and climate, in landscapes with little past or present glacial influence. Few studies have explored the controls on sediment characteristics in formerly glaciated landscapes. In this study, we document river surface grain sizes at 279 localities across Scotland. We collect photographs of gravel bars through a citizen science survey, Scotland's Big Sediment Survey. Grain sizes distributions are extracted from the photographs using both manual and automated techniques. We investigate whether grain sizes can be correlated and predicted from environmental variables (e.g., basin slope, flow distance from headwaters) through Spearman's correlation statistics and random forest regression modelling. In contrast to other studies that have primarily focused on non-glaciated landscapes, we find no apparent controls on surface grain sizes in channels across Scotland. Specifically, we find no significant Spearman's relationships between d84 and environmental variables; the strongest relationship was found between d84 and average basin aridity with a weak r2 value of 0.34. We also find that the predictability of our random forest model is poor and only captures 20 % of the variance of d84. We find no correlation between grain size and flow competence, which suggests that sediment is both transport-limited and supply-limited. We propose that Scotland's post-glacial legacy drives the lack of sedimentological trends documented in this study, and that changes in landscape morphology and sediment sources caused by glacial processes lead to a complete decoupling between fluvial sediment grain size and environmental variables. This interpretation aligns with other studies that have highlighted the ongoing role of the post-glacial legacy on landscape evolution in tectonically quiescent terrains, both in Scotland and globally. Our results suggest that fluvial sediment grain size cannot be predicted by a global model based on environmental variables in post-glacial landscapes
Supporting increased diversity among candidates
No full textHistorically, doctoral candidates were few in number, studied in their countries of origin, and were drawn from dominant societal strata. However, over the present century, there has been a massive expansion globally in the number of doctoral candidates which has led to the incorporation of hitherto un- or under-represented groups and transformed the composition of the population.The implications for supervision of two major aspects of that transformation, namely the growth in international candidates and the increase in candidates from indigenous populations respectively, are discussed in Chapters 7 and 8 of the first volume of ‘Confident Supervisors’.The present chapter focuses upon the implications for supervisors of other aspects of the diversification of the domestic candidate population. In particular, it seeks toOutline the key changes in the candidate populationReview the benefits of wider participationIdentify the key challenges which non-traditional candidates may faceLook at what supervisors can do to support themEnsure that the notion of diversity is inclusive in that it addresses issues for all research learners
Introduction to the Special Issue: Dark Personality Traits and Their Impact on Leadership and Organizations
No full textRare Diseases, Cross-Border Healthcare and Fundamental Rights: Improving Patient Protection Through the Charter
No full textIn the EU rules on the right to reimbursement of cross-border healthcare, no specific or additional protection is provided to patients with rare diseases. This approach is inconsistent with other EU measures in the field of rare diseases, such as the Orphan Medicinal Products Regulation. This “gap” in legal protection should be filled by relying on the Charter of Fundamental Rights. The CJEU has developed a non-discrimination “frame” for cross-border healthcare cases in A v Veselības Ministrija, which should be applied to patients with rare diseases. This means that, to avoid discrimination on the ground of disability, additional protection mechanisms should be developed for patients with rare diseases in the procedure for requesting prior authorisation of cross-border medical treatment. Patients can rely on these mechanisms throughout the procedure for prior authorisation
"Two tribes": Handaxe shape variation shows distinct regional cultural groups in southeastern Britain between 424 000 and 374 000 BP
No full textThis paper examines regional and chronological variation in Acheulean handaxe morphology during Marine Isotope Stage 11 (c. 425–365 ka BP) in Britain. Using a dataset of 737 handaxes from 13 securely dated sites in East Anglia and the Thames Valley, we apply three-dimensional geometric morphometric analysis to examine morphological variability. Our results show two distinct handaxe forms were present in different areas of Britain during MIS 11: sub-stage MIS 11c assemblages in East Anglia are dominated by ovate handaxes with twisted edges, while contemporaneous Thames Valley assemblages are characterised by pointed forms. By sub-stage MIS 11a, Thames Valley sites shift to ovate handaxes with twisted-edges, whereas East Anglia now shows a predominance of pointed forms. Statistical models indicate that rather than raw material constraints or reduction intensity, regional factors such as cultural groups drive these differences. These patterns suggest persistent technological norms, strong knowledge transmission, and cultural resilience across climatic oscillations. Our findings highlight the role of small-scale cultural groups in shaping Acheulean variability and adapting to dynamic Middle Pleistocene environments
Energy Bounds from Relative Magnetic Helicity in Spherical Shells
No full textRelative magnetic helicity is commonly used in solar physics to avoid the well known gauge ambiguity of standard magnetic helicity in magnetically open domains. But its physical interpretation is difficult owing to the invocation of a reference field. For the specific case of spherical shell domains (with potential reference field), relative helicity may be written intrinsically in terms of the magnetic field alone, without the need to calculate the reference field or its vector potential. We use this intrinsic expression to prove that non-zero relative helicity implies lower bounds for both magnetic energy and free magnetic energy, generalizing the important Arnol’d inequality known for closed-field magnetic helicity. Further, we derive a stronger energy bound by spatially decomposing the relative helicity over a magnetic partition of the domain to obtain a new ideal invariant which we call unsigned helicity. The bounds are illustrated with analytical linear force-free fields (that maximize relative helicity for given boundary conditions) as well as a non-potential data-driven model of the solar corona. These bounds confirm that both relative helicity and the unsigned helicity can influence the dynamics in the solar corona
Quantitative Genetics of Vachellia nilotica (L.) P. J. H. Hunter & Mabb. (Fabaceae) in Provenance/Progeny Trial
Get PDF(1) Background: In the Sudano-Sahelian zone of Cameroon, which is affected by drought and forest decline, Vachellia nilotica leaves and seeds are fodder for livestock. (2) Methods: A provenance and progeny study on growth performance and heritability of V. nilotica was carried out to provide a reliable database for tree selection, improvement programs, and the creation of future forested areas in this region. Open-pollinated seeds from 120 mother trees (10 half-sib families per provenance) representing twelve provenances, 50–100 km apart, were used for a progeny trial near Maroua, the Far North region of Cameroon. The experimental design was a Fisher block. (3) Results: The results reveal significant differences among provenances only for the number of leaves, and the variability was marked by coefficients of variation ranging from 0.24−0.63. Narrow-sense heritability was measured, varying from 0.01 ± 0.009 to 0.74 ± 0.02, and genetic gain reached 21.83 at the selection intensity of 5% for the number of leaves per plant. The phenotypic coefficient of variation varied between 14% and 90%. Half-sib families were classified into three subgroups using hierarchical ascending classification, and provenances were grouped into five groups using principal component analysis. (4) Conclusions: These results could contribute to initiating tree selection, but more provenances, longer-term experiments, and molecular genetic testing are needed to complement these nursery-level observations
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