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Numerical assessment of the impact of the guiding-centre approximation on fast ion simulations in NSTX
Get PDFGuiding-centre (GC) and full-orbit (FO) simulations of the beam-injected fast ion distribution and the corresponding neutron emissivity have been carried out for magnetohydrodynamics-quiescent National Spherical Torus eXperiment (NSTX) plasmas, using a combination of ASCOT5 and DRESS, to assess the suitability of the GC approximation for fast ions in NSTX. It was found that GC and FO simulations predicted substantially different steady-state distributions in both position and velocity space and different neutron emissivity profiles, leading to a 15% reduction in the predicted global neutron rate for FO relative to GC. These changes accompany a higher magnetic moment in FO, and correspond to a change in particle orbits from co-passing to trapped and stagnation orbits. ASCOT5 was also benchmarked against TRANSP/NUBEAM with input loaded entirely from TRANSP/NUBEAM output files, with agreement found between the GC simulations when finite Larmor radius (FLR) corrections were omitted. ASCOT5 FO and TRANSP/NUBEAM with FLR produced fast ion distributions which differed in localised regions, but predicted global neutron rates which agree within 3%
Why Research on Hope Needs Lived Experience
Get PDFDavid Adlington-Rivers demonstrates that hope in probation is fragile, conditional, and shaped by everyday survival, and that research involving lived experience in co-design improves how research reflects the realities of life post-release
The Role of Advanced Technologies in Corporate Decarbonization: A Problematizing Review and Comparative Research Agenda
No full textAdvanced technologies are widely promoted as tools for decarbonization across sectors such as manufacturing, logistics, and energy. However, evidence of their environmental impact remains mixed, with outcomes varying significantly between settings. This variability highlights the need to understand how national institutional contexts shape the implementation and effectiveness of these technologies. A comparative international business perspective is especially useful in uncovering why the same technology leads to different results between countries, revealing the role of regulatory environments, market dynamics, and organizational norms. This paper uses a problematizing review method to critically examine five types of assumptions found in current research: in-house, root metaphor, paradigm, ideology, and field assumptions. This paper analyzes these assumptions through diagnostic, prognostic, and motivational framings. The data for this review was drawn from a systematic search of the Web of Science and Scopus databases, supplemented by manual searches of high- ranking journals across multiple disciplines, resulting in a final sample of 64 relevant peer- reviewed articles. Our contribution includes exposing blind spots in existing literature, proposing a future research agenda, and encouraging a more context-sensitive, institutionally informed approach to technology and decarbonization in comparative international business
The moderating effect of big data analytics on the international experience - post-entry internationalization speed relationship: An empirical study of U.S. public firms
Get PDFThe accelerating digital transformation of international business has given rise to a critical tension: while traditional organizational learning theory emphasizes the gradual accumulation of experiential knowledge as the foundation for international expansion, Big Data Analytics introduces an alternative, algorithmic logic of learning that challenges this established paradigm. Grounded in organizational learning theory, this study examines how Big Data Analytics reconfigures the relationship between international experience, in both depth and breadth, and post-entry internationalization speed. We analyse panel data from 242 publicly listed US firms spanning 2010-2023, using a news-based measure of Big Data Analytics implementation. Our focus on large, established, non-IT public firms provides nuanced insights while bounding generalizability to this strategic context. For depth, Big Data Analytics mitigates the rigidity of deep experience, enabling firms to sustain faster PIS where returns would normally diminish, yet it simultaneously undermines this acceleration in early stages by suppressing the experiential learning vital for developing routines. For breadth, Big Data Analytics aids early crossmarket learning but paradoxically undermines the strategic advantage of a broad portfolio, limiting the premium on extensive experience. Our study provides actionable insights for aligning Big Data Analytics with firms’ experiential profiles to optimize post-entry internationalization trajectories
COSMOS-Web: Comprehensive Data Reduction for Wide-area JWST NIRCam Imaging
Get PDFWe present the data reduction methodology used for the COSMOS-Web survey JWST NIRCam data. Covering 0.54 deg2 with four broadband filters (F115W, F150W, F277W, F444W) and a total exposure time of approximately 270 hr, COSMOS-Web represents the largest contiguous field surveyed during JWST Cycle 1, posing unique data reduction challenges due to its extensive scale. By combining the official JWST Calibration Pipeline with custom improvements for noise removal, background subtraction, and astrometric alignment, we achieve high-fidelity science-ready mosaics. We detail the systematic approach employed in the three stages of the JWST Calibration Pipeline. The data, collected in three epochs from 2023 January to 2024 January, encompass 152 visits and have been processed into 20 mosaic tiles to optimize computational efficiency and data processing. The final data products achieve 5σ depths of 26.7–28.3 AB mag in 015 apertures. The processed and calibrated datasets are made available to the public
Post-glacial melt generation in Southern Chile and the development of the Carrán-Los Venados Volcanic Field (40°20'S)
Get PDFThe Carrán-Los Venados volcanic field in southern Chile comprises small basaltic eruption centres of Holocene to historical ages. These centres are atop extensive, basaltic flows that erupted during late glacial or early postglacial times (< 14ka), marking a dramatic change in eruption style over a short space of time. Differences in trace element characteristics and U-series isotopes point to a dampened subduction influence in the melting environment of the older Basal Lavas. Th isotopes point to higher melting rates and more dominant decompression melting, which may be related to the deglaciation of southern Chile at this time. Olivine textures and chemistry suggest longer storage times for the Basal Lavas compared to the Holocene tephras. The historic eruptions have relatively homogeneous whole rock compositions, suggesting the development of a storage system in the lower crust. This may be the beginning of a thermal environment more akin to those of nearby stratovolcanoes
Impacting spheres: from liquid drops to elastic beads
Get PDFA liquid drop impacting a non-wetting rigid substrate spreads laterally, then retracts, and finally jumps off again. An elastic solid, by contrast, undergoes a slight deformation, contacts briefly, and bounces. The impact force on the substrate – crucial for engineering and natural processes – is classically described by Wagner's (liquids) and Hertz's (solids) theories. This work bridges these limits by considering a generic viscoelastic medium. Using direct numerical simulations, we study a viscoelastic sphere impacting a rigid, non-contacting surface and quantify how the elasticity number (El, dimensionless elastic modulus) and the Weissenberg number (Wi, dimensionless relaxation time) dictate the impact force. We recover the Newtonian liquid response as either El → 0 or Wi → 0, and obtain elastic-solid behavior in the limit Wi → ∞ and El ≫ 1. In this elastic-memory limit, three regimes emerge – capillary-dominated, Wagner scaling, and Hertz scaling – with a smooth transition from the Wagner to the Hertz regime. Sweeping Wi from 0 to ∞ reveals a continuous shift from materials with no memory to materials with permanent memory of deformation, providing an alternate, controlled route from liquid drops to elastic beads. The study unifies liquid and solid impact processes and offers a general framework for the liquid-to-elastic transition relevant across systems and applications
Minimising Length of Closed Billiard Trajectories on Hyperbolic Polygons
No full textn a hyperbolic polygon any finite collection of closed billiard trajectories can be assigned an average length function. In this paper, we consider the average length of the collection of cyclically related closed billiard trajectories in even-sided right-angled polygons and the collection of reflectively related closed billiard trajectories in Lambert quadrilaterals with acute angle π/k. We show that in the former case the average length is minimised by the regular even- sided right-angled polygon, and in the latter case it is minimised by the Lambert quadrilateral with a reflective symmetry about its long axis. We use techniques from Teichmu ̈ller theory to prove the main theorems
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