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The MAGPI Survey: forward modelled gas-phase metallicity gradients in galaxies at z ∼ 0.3
Get PDFWe measure the seeing-deconvolved gas-phase metallicity gradients of 70 star-forming galaxies at from the MAGPI survey and investigate their relationship with galaxy properties to understand the mechanisms that influence the distribution of metals and shape the evolution of the galaxies. We use a Bayesian modelling technique, blobby3d, which accounts for seeing effects (beam smearing) and can model the substructures of the flux distribution. The median metallicity gradient of our sample is dex kpc−1. Among the galaxies in our sample, 32.9 per cent have negative metallicity gradients (2 significance), 10.0 per cent have positive gradients and 57.1 per cent have flat gradients. The – relation of the MAGPI galaxies generally agrees with theoretical predictions, where a combination of stellar feedback, gas transport, and accretion shapes the metallicity profile, with the dominant processes varying with galaxy mass. We find a positive correlation between and gas velocity dispersion (), indicating that stronger gas turbulence is associated with flatter or inverted metallicity gradients, likely due to enhanced gas mixing. Additionally, smaller galaxies tend to have flatter or positive gradients, suggesting that metal dilution by gas accretion or removal via feedback-driven winds may outweigh metal enrichment in small galaxies
Evaluating SWOTT toolkits as a change mechanism: from managerial to critical reflective supervision
No full textCritical reflection underpins effective and ethical social work practice. However, mechanisms for embedding critical reflection within practice are not consistent nor clearly established across all fields of social work. This study evaluated the Social Work Online Team Training (SWOTT) toolkit as a mechanism for change from a model and culture of managerial supervision to one rooted to critical reflection within adult social care services in a local government agency in England. A SWOTT toolkit is an integrated team-based resource for Continuous Professional Development (CPD) activity based on a peer learning pedagogy. For the study, a total of 18 study participants were recruited through adult social care services, to participate in focus group discussions, including workforce development leads (n = 3), team managers (n = 5) and social care practitioners (n = 10). Team managers described behavior change as using SWOTT toolkits enabled them to embed critical reflection within their individual and team practices and culture. Practitioners noted the benefits of supervision and learning as a team, both in terms of the learning itself, sharing existing practice knowledge and team-building; collective benefits that could be gleaned for teams in all fields of social work practice
Exclusion or inclusion? An analysis of teachers’ words and actions in Pakistani classrooms
No full textOver the past three decades, inclusive education has gained attention as a key pillar of equitable quality education. Despite the growing discourse, research in this field continues to focus predominantly on learners with special educational needs. Far less attention has been given to micro-level classroom dynamics of teacher-student interaction, promoting inclusion or reinforcing exclusion for all students. Little is known about how teachers’ everyday verbal and non-verbal behaviours, as well as peer interactions, contribute to inclusive or exclusionary classroom environments in ordinary school settings. Therefore, this paper explores in-depth insights of inclusion and exclusion as they manifest through teachers’ words and actions in Pakistani classrooms. The data is extracted from classroom observations conducted as part of a large-scale study aimed at assessing teaching practices in science and mathematics . The observers were engaged in a metalogue, which served as the data and analysed thematically. Results revealed three themes, including teacher-led exclusion, student-led exclusion and teacher-student relationships as a foundation for inclusive practices. The study proposes that inclusion and exclusion in classrooms are not discrete events, but interdependent and mutually reinforcing processes. It recommends diversifying teaching workforce, strengthening school-community linkages and making inclusive education as a compulsory subject in teacher education
Researcher Impression Management: Mapping The Dramaturgical Practices Of Qualitative Researchers
No full textPurpose: The purpose of this paper is to identify the practices researchers use to manage the impressions that participants form about them and their research projects, which we refer to as researcher impression management (RIM). We identify the different forms and functions of RIM and outline their implications for research methodology and the substantive research outcomes of qualitative research.Design/methodology/approach: We review published qualitative research to identify the RIM practices that researchers have reported using in their studies.Findings: We develop an analytical framework which identifies three types of dramaturgical practices that researchers engage in when interacting with participants: self-portraying, self-censoring and misrepresenting. We also identify the desired and undesired impressions these practices are designed to construct or avoid and outline the methodological purposes and substantive research outcomes which hinge on the impressions that participants form.Practical implications: Our paper has three practical implications. It encourages researchers to enhance reflexivity by writing more transparently about RIM. It has implications for debates about what kinds of research practices are considered ethically justifiable. It also has pedagogical implications and can be used to enhance the teaching and training of future generations of qualitative researchers.Originality/value: It is well known that organizations and their members engage in impression management, but little is known about the impression management that researchers engage in when studying organizations and their members. In this paper, we make an original contribution by identifying the different forms, functions and implications of RIM
First principles study of [111]-oriented epitaxially strained Rare-Earth Nickelate NdNiO3
No full textDensity functional theory is used to investigate the effect of biaxial strain on the structural, electronic and magnetic properties of [111]-oriented NdNiO3, as a representative of the rare-earth perovskites that undergo metal-to-insulator transitions. We find that this constraint on the system induces unique structural phase transitions not previously observed under the well-studied bulk or [001]-oriented strained systems. We also report unique electronic behavior, including amplification of the electronic band gap with tensile strain, and insulating, charge-ordered phases with nonorthorhombic tilt patterns. To provide clarity to the trends we observe, we also investigate the coupling between the breathing mode and strain, where we observe certain strains to directly favor and disfavor the creation of the breathing mode (and thus the associated charge-ordering). The amplification of the band gap with strain is understood in terms of a cooperative coupling between the elastic constraint and octahedral breathing, which expands on the previously reported triggered mechanism mediated by octahedral tilting
‘A whole new world’: Exercising the right to the city through skateboarding in Cape Town
Get PDFIn South Africa, the spatial divides established through colonialism and apartheid still structure public space. Access to recreational space and space to play remains unequal in townships and informal settlements where people face significant challenges in accessing basic resources and live with everyday threats to their safety and wellbeing. In this article I demonstrate how maintained divides still limit movement in Cape Town as well as increase potential exposure to discrimination and violence. Empirically, I discuss participant experiences of skateboarding, establishing skateboarding parks, and skateboarding programmes and groups. Through participant narratives I demonstrate how skateboarders and skate programmes have created social connection and access to recreational space and public space in Cape Town. At the same time, I highlight how entrenched divides and socioeconomic dynamics infringe on structurally marginalised residents’ capability to exercise the right to the city. In summary, I outline that through these encounters and support networks skateboarders create new communities and exercise their right to the city
From spark to sphere: The impact of positive innovation quality feedback on firms’ overseas R&D geographic scope
Get PDFThis study investigates how positive innovation quality feedback (PIQF) influences firms’ overseas R&D geographic scope. By integrating the behavioral theory of the firm (BTOF) with institutional theory, the paper argues that as PIQF increases, slack search motivation is strengthened, and firms are more likely to expand their overseas R&D geographic scope. Furthermore, the study investigates the moderating effects of formal and informal institutional factors in the home country on this relationship. Specifically, regional innovation policy support — through a series of R&D funding and technological support initiatives — weakens the positive relationship between PIQF and overseas R&D geographic scope. In contrast, Confucian culture strengthens this positive effect by fostering an open strategic vision in corporate decision-making. On the basis of panel data from Chinese listed firms between 2011 and 2022, the empirical analysis strongly supports the proposed hypotheses. This study is the first to focus on the relationship between PIQF and the overseas R&D geographic scope, offering new theoretical insights and empirical evidence for both behavioral theory and the field of overseas R&D
Fluorescence Properties and Mg 2+ Selectivity of Aryl‐Alkynyl Derivatives of the o ‐Aminophenoltriacetate (APTRA) Ligand
Get PDFOrtho‐aminophenol‐N,N,O‐triacetate (APTRA) has been widely adopted for binding and sensing Mg2+, although it binds Ca2+ more strongly. This contribution investigates APTRA derivatives that incorporate an aryl‐alkynyl fluorophore, addressing how the binding affinities for Mg2+ and Ca2+ are modulated by a substituent R in the aryl ring of the fluorophore. Six such derivatives have been synthesized via their tris‐ethyl esters. They feature X ═ CN, CF3, or OMe, as a mesomerically electron‐withdrawing, inductively electron‐withdrawing, or electron‐donating substituent, respectively, with the alkyne either para or meta to the APTRA nitrogen. Study of the absorption and fluorescence properties of the esters reveals the importance of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) states for X ═ CN and CF3, but not OMe. The corresponding carboxylate ligands are less emissive in water, and the fluorescence is not strongly modulated by metal ions. However, the absorption spectra change markedly, allowing dissociation constants Kd to be evaluated. The key conclusions are that (i) electron‐withdrawing substituents attenuate the affinity for Ca2+ more than Mg2+, leading to a net improvement in selectivity for Mg2+, and (ii) the effect is larger when the APTRA nitrogen (as opposed to phenolic oxygen) is para to—and hence directly conjugated with—the alkyne
Importance of beginning industrial-era climate simulations in the eighteenth century
Get PDFClimate simulations of the industrial era typically start in 1850, using the first fifty years as a baseline for ‘pre-industrial’ climate. However, the period immediately prior to 1850 is of particular interest due to early human influence and heightened volcanic activity, the latter of which led to cooler global temperatures than those observed in the subsequent historical period. In this study, we present a suite of Earth system model simulations (using UKESM1.1) that start in 1750 and span the entire industrial period. We compare these simulations to a new instrumental observation-based dataset, GloSATref, which provides global surface air temperature variations from 1781 onwards. We investigate the climatic changes during the early industrial period, separating the effects of natural and anthropogenic forcings. Model-simulated early-19th-century temperature patterns show substantial cooling relative to the long-term mean, particularly in low latitudes, which agree well with observed patterns. We find significant long-term differences between simulations initialized in 1750 and 1850, with lasting effects well into the 20th century, consistent with differences in vegetation and the substantial ocean cooling driven by high volcanic activity in the 1750 simulations. Our results indicate that an earlier start to historical simulations could lead to more representative climate simulations over the historical period, and deepen our understanding of early anthropogenic warming, natural climate variability, and the climate responses to future volcanic eruptions
How Disruptive is Financial Technology?
No full textWe study whether Financial Technology (Fintech) disrupts the banking sector by intensifying competition for scarce deposits funds and raising deposit rates. Using difference-in-difference estimation around the exogenous removal of marketplace platform investing restrictions by US states, we show the cost of deposits increase by approximately 5.9% within small financial institutions. However, these price changes are effective in preventing a drain of liquidity. Size and geographical diversification through branch networks can mitigate the effects of Fintech competition by sourcing deposits from less competitive markets. The findings highlight the unintended consequences of the growing Fintech sector on banks and offer policy insights for regulators and managers into the ongoing development and impact of technology on the banking sector
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