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Robust magnetic polaron percolation in the antiferromagnetic CMR system EuCd 2 P 2
No full textThe interplay between magnetism and charge transport is central to understanding colossal magnetoresistance (CMR), a phenomenon well studied in ferromagnets. Recently, antiferromagnetic (AFM) EuCd2P2 has attracted considerable interest due to its remarkable CMR, for which magnetic fluctuations and the formation of ferromagnetic clusters have been proposed as key mechanisms. Here we provide direct evidence that these effects originate from the formation and percolation of magnetic polarons. We employ a complementary set of sensitive probes that allows for a direct comparison of electronic and magnetic properties on multiple time scales revealing pronounced electronic and magnetic phase separation below T* ≈ 2TN. These measurements indicate an inhomogeneous, percolating electronic system below T* and well above the magnetic ordering temperature TN = 11 K. In applied magnetic fields, the onset of the pronounced negative MR in the paramagnetic regime emerges at a universal critical magnetization. The characteristic size of the magnetic polarons near the percolation threshold is estimated to be ~6−10 nm. Our results establish dynamic polaron percolation within an AFM matrix as the microscopic origin of CMR in EuCd2P2, providing a unified framework for magnetotransport in Eu-based correlated semiconductors
Lenin as an Object of Formalist Discourse: The Limits of the Literary and the Boundaries of Discipline
No full textThe analysis of Lenin’s language and rhetoric undertaken by the leading representatives of Russian Formalism in the pages of the journal LEF in early 1924 represents more than a tactical attempt to align Formalism with the mainstream of Bolshevik culture-building in the context of the Soviet 1920s. The contributions of Viktor Shklovsky, Boris Eikhenbaum, and Iurii Tynianov, in particular, to the volume are not only consistent with the evolution of Formalist thinking from the early emphasis on poetic language and the theory of the device to a concern with historical and social evolution but also constitute a serious attempt to extend Formalist theory into the domain of political rhetoric, by implication extending the scope of the emergent discipline of literary studies across the full spectrum of verbal production. The methodologies deployed by Shklovsky, Eikhenbaum, and Tynianov are shown to call into question the label “Formalist,” which has significant implications not only for the history of theory and criticism but also for the present condition of literary studies as a discipline
SMARTEN: a human-AI hybrid framework for assisted medical literature analysis and its evaluation
No full textBackgroundFor medical professionals, the comprehension and analysis of literature is essential, however, it requires time which could be dedicated to the primary duties of providing care to patients. To address these conflicting needs and the challenge of finding new and appropriate information at the right time during medical literature review analysis, we introduce, to the best of our knowledge, the first automated framework co-designed with medical professionals, utilising a human-AI hybrid approach for the consolidation of large volumes of literature into manageable, topic-based chunks.MethodsFor this framework (named SMARTEN), on the AI side, cluster-based topic modelling is deployed for the analysis of academic articles (consisting of abstracts and full article content) extracted from the PubMed database, the go-to venue for medical professionals, to ensure the provision of a wide range of topics reflecting this rich field and access to large volumes of biomedical literature. After consolidating topics within the literature, semantic analyses of the relationships between topics are performed, based on the content of the literature within each topic, ultimately assisting in the discovery of new knowledge from the literature. The effectiveness of the proposed approach was evaluated through a software implementation of the SMARTEN framework (the SMARTEN system), and a subsequent experimental study upon the concepts of cognitive load, technology acceptance, and general satisfaction by 18 medical practitioners and medical students. Moreover, the labels assigned by participants to publications were collected and analysed to explore the average accuracy for identifying relevant publications in the SMARTEN system.ResultsOverall, our analysis of user feedback and user logs indicates that the SMARTEN systsem contributed to enhancing the discovery of new knowledge within the literature, while maintaining cognitive load at manageable levels for medical professionals and students. Furthermore, our SMARTEN system effectively identifies relevant publications that would typically appear far down in PubMed search rankings, consistently positioning them within the top 10 results.ConclusionThis study presents the SMARTEN framework for the automated analysis of large volumes of academic literature based on the semantic contents of individual publications via cluster-based topic modelling. This enables the expediting of literature review for busy medical experts, while also enabling the discovery of new knowledge which would otherwise have gone unnoticed in the wealth of research available online. We evaluate the system developed based on this framework in an experimental study with medical experts, to reinforce the benefit that this framework provides and to identify improvements for further research
Supramolecular Diversity in Bis(acylhydrazone) Crystals: Linker Effects, Polymorphism, and Gelator Assemblies
Get PDFA series of previously unknown bis(acylhydrazone)s with aliphatic (zero to four CH2 units) and aromatic (phenylene substituted) linkers was synthesized and structurally characterized. Aliphatic derivatives exhibited distinct conformational geometries and packing motifs, with linker length critically affecting hydrogen bond interactions and energies. Aromatic derivatives revealed three polymorphs of the meta-substituted structure with two of the forms related by temperature. Additionally, a bis(acylhydrazone) low-molecular-weight gelator was crystallized, revealing a unique and impressive hydrogen-bonded framework with large water channels (952 Å3) and strong aliphatic and aromatic stacking interactions. These findings highlight the potential of bis(acylhydrazone)s in crystal engineering and supramolecular chemistry, especially in coformer design and selection, and supramolecular gelator applications
Managing Activism, Maintaining Quality: Student Participation in Hong Kong’s Politically Charged University Governance
No full textThis chapter examines student participation in university governance in Hong Kong, focusing on how student representation is shaped by political sensitivities, managerial governance, and institutional constraints. Drawing on interviews with council members and student representatives from publicly funded universities, the chapter shows that while formal mechanisms for student involvement exist, participation is often limited by short leadership terms, risk-averse institutional cultures, and a managerial model that prioritises external accountability. Students are frequently positioned as consumers rather than partners, with limited influence over key issues such as curriculum design, language policies, and internationalisation. Political activism, particularly linked to localist sentiments, has further complicated governance dynamics, leading to cautious responses from university leaders and undermining trust. These tensions have implications for institutional and educational quality, as student input remains constrained and often reactive. The chapter situates these findings within broader debates on student voice and governance in politically sensitive higher education environments
A novel day-ahead bidding method considering real-time operational characteristic and strategy for wind-hydro hybrid power systems
No full textTwo-stage stochastic model is the state-of-art method to make the day-ahead bid for wind-hydro hybrid power systems (WHHPS) considering both the day-head and the real-time balancing markets. However, the real-time operational characteristic and strategy of WHHPS are ignored in current studies which limits their applications in day-ahead bidding. To fill this gap, in this paper, a novel day-ahead bidding method considering real-time operational characteristic and strategy for WHHPS is proposed. First, using Kantorovich distance, a scenario tree generation algorithm is introduced to capture the stage-wise unfolding nature of the wind power and balancing market prices realisations in the real-time operation. Then, a bilevel bidding method is proposed, whose upper level is to maximise the expected income while manage the income risk of the WHHPS, while the lower level operates the WHHPS considering the real-time operational characteristic and strategy. Due to the chronological order in real-time operation, the lower level contains sequentially nested problems which makes the whole model hard to solve. For this reason, a weighted reformulation method is proposed to equally reformulate the sequentially nested problems in the lower level into a single LP problem. Finally, the bilevel model is reformulated as MILP. Comparisons are made with the current state-of-art models in case study. The results show that the bidding strategies derived from the conventional two-stage stochastic bidding model tend to be overly optimistic regarding both the expected income and the associated risk. Moreover, using CVaR may fail to accurately reflect the operator's risk preference in bidding. In comparison, the proposed method establishes a monotonic decreasing relationship between income risk and the coefficient ℙ, providing a direct approach for risk management
Use of ChatGPT in Higher Education: Development and Validation of Questionnaire
No full textAdvancements in AI, such as ChatGPT, have garnered significant interest within higher education. In response, policymakers and practitioners are striving to develop evidence-based strategies for its integration. Generating valid and reliable evidence requires robust tools to explore students' use of ChatGPT in higher education. This paper discusses the development and validation of a questionnaire designed to assess the perceived Knowledge, Will, Skill, Technological Support, and Use (KWSTU) of ChatGPT. The questionnaire was grounded in the theoretical foundation of the Will-Skill-Tool (WST) model and underwent rigorous content and construct validation. Confirmatory Factor Analysis validated five distinct factors comprising 30 items, with statistical evidence indicating good model-fit indices. Moreover, path analysis was employed to investigate the factors influencing ChatGPT use among university students in Pakistan. This study provides a validated instrument and empirical insights that have significant implications for policy, practice, and research to make informed decisions
Forecasting Climate Change Using a Multivariate Cointegrated System
No full textA cointegrated vector equilibrium correction model of key climate variables including sea surface temperature, ocean heat content, Arctic sea‐ice extent and sea‐level change is built, driven by radiative forcing in which a stochastic trend arises due to anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases. A valid and congruent statistical model requires saturation estimation to model breaks in trends, while also conditioning on natural radiative forcings and El Niño–Southern Oscillation. The model is stable over 150 years, reflecting the slow adjustment of the deep oceans to increased greenhouse gas concentrations, and predicts an equilibrium climate sensitivity of 2.6°C. Projections out to 2100 highlight the many uncertainties over the coming decades
When attentive insider trading matters: Evidence from government investment
No full textWe examine whether insiders can exploit public information to increase their trading profitability. By exploiting, as a quasi-natural experiment, the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL), announced in the U.S. in March 2021 and implemented in November 2021, we provide evidence that insiders earn higher profits when government investment plans are announced. The increased insider trading profitability is more pronounced in firms with high information asymmetry, high growth, in opportunistic trades, as well as for top executives and persistently profitable insiders. Overall, our evidence supports the attentive hypothesis that insiders earn profits by trading on public information relevant to their firms
tRNAs as toxin targets in phage defence and a focus of counter-defence against abortive infection.
Get PDFShutoff of host translation is a common immunity strategy employed by bacteria to defend against predatory bacteriophages. Many bacterial toxin-antitoxin systems specifically target and inactivate tRNAs to achieve translational inhibition, potentially in response to phage infection. Common modes of action include modification, cleavage or re-allocation of target tRNAs. Recent studies have also identified key determinants of specificity for tRNA-targeting toxins. Herein, we discuss toxin action and specificity in the context of phage defence. As a counterpoint, we consider virally encoded tRNAs as counter-defences and drivers of phage evolution
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