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Peptidhormonanaloga basierte medikamentöse Adipositastherapie ist effektiv
Get PDFThe anorectic peptide-based obesity management medications (OMM) have dominated the treatment of obesity over the last decade. This review analyses the evidence that has laid the ground for the three most frequently used drugs (liraglutide, semaglutide and tirzepatide) with regulatory approval. In this context, the SCALE program investigated liraglutide for weight loss and found its effectiveness to be roughly 6–8%. Similarly, the STEP program extensively researched semaglutide as a weight loss intervention and found it to be effective in reducing body weight by 9.6% in people with type 2 diabetes and by 15% in those without. Likewise, for tirzepatide this evaluation was done under the SURMOUNT program, which reported an efficacy of 14.7% in body weight reduction for type 2 diabetes patients as opposed to 22.1% in people without diabetes. The positive effects usually diminish when treatment is discontinued. The SELECT trial provided the first concrete evidence of risk reduction of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) by 20% with the use of semaglutide. Overall, safety and tolerability of these 3 drugs is generally good across all studies. Additionally, the most common adverse events reported are gastrointestinal, which occur early during treatment and subside over time. Data on other hard end points and long-term outcomes do not yet exist.</p
Supplemental UV-B lighting to naturally enhance the vitamin D content of milk of housed dairy cows
Get PDFThe increasing incidence of vitamin D deficiency in Europe has generated interest in naturally enhancing vitamin D levels in commonly consumed foods, such as milk, by biofortification (defined here as increasing the concentration of a specific nutrient in a food by changing the diet or management of an animal). Endogenous, solar-driven biosynthesis of vitamin D is a potentially modifiable option for boosting vitamin D concentrations in milk. The objective of this study was to quantify milk and plasma vitamin D responses in housed cows exposed to artificial UV-B light over 12 wk. Two 2 × 2 factorial experiments (experiment 1 and 2) were conducted, each using 32 late-lactation Holstein dairy cows (separate cows in each experiment). Factors examined were level of supplementary UV-B lighting (no UV-B vs. UV-B) and the inclusion of a dietary additive, L-cysteine (Control vs. Additive). Cows were exposed to supplemental UV-B light for 30 and 60 min/d (experiment 1 and 2, respectively). Exposing cows to UV-B increased mean milk concentrations of vitamin D3 by 44.2% (experiment 1) and by 112% (experiment 2), compared with no-UVB. Milk concentrations of 25-(OH)-D3 also increased by 24.2% (experiment 1) and 20.9% (experiment 2). Mean milk vitamin D2 concentration was increased by 33% by UV-B treatment in experiment 2. Milk 25-(OH)-D2 levels were unaffected by UVB exposure. Milk concentrations of vitamin D3 changed with time, as did milk concentrations of vitamin D2. Milk concentrations of 25-(OH)-D2 changed with time in experiment 1, there was a treatment × time interaction for milk vitamin D3 concentrations in experiment 1, and a trend for an interaction in experiment 2. Mean plasma 25-(OH)-D3 concentration increased with UV-B treatment in experiment 1 only. Mean plasma 25-(OH)-D3 concentration decreased over time in experiment 1 but was unaffected in experiment 2. Dietary additive had no effect on any aspect of cow performance, and there were no interactions between UV-B and additive. The UV-B treatment did not affect milk yield or milk fat, protein, or lactose concentrations. Milk yield and milk fat, protein, and lactose concentrations changed with time, and there was a treatment × time interaction for milk yield (experiment 2 only). This study demonstrates the potential for increasing the vitamin D3 content of milk produced by housed cows by short exposure (30–60 min/d) to supplementary UV-B light as a successful biofortification strategy
瀬戸ノベルティを再考する ー ザ・ドクター
Get PDFTRANSLATION: In this display as part of the Aichi Triennale 2025's Partnership Programme, ceramic artist Christopher McHugh reimagines and remakes The Doctor, a novelty figurine made by Airyusha Ltd, Seto, in 1973. This figurine was based on the 1891 painting of the same name by British artist Sir Luke Fildes, a work often described as one of the earliest visual depictions of patient centred care. Rather than remaking The Doctor as a contemporary figurine, McHugh’s new work SetoMonogatari 10 – The Doctor (Ashes and Roses), takes the form of an urn. The doctor, the sick child and the parents featured in the original painting and figurine, emerge from the surface of the pot and appear in surface imagery. The piece aims to celebrate The Doctor as an exemplar of Seto’s novelty culture, while also referencing Aichi 2025’s themes of destruction, rebirth and renewal. As part of this project, Dr Henry Melki has created a photogrammetric scan of the original figurine, an image of which has been used in the online and print versions of the Aichi 2025 Partnership Programme brochure. ORIGINAL:絵画《ザ・ドクター》は、1981年に英国の画家ルーク・フィールズ卿によって描かれたもので、患者中心のケアを描いた最も初期の視覚表現のひとつとして知られています。1973年に、瀬戸の株式会社愛龍社によってこの絵画が立体に起こされ、ノベルティ人形《ザ・ドクター》が作られました。今回、英国に拠点を置き瀬戸ともかかわりを持つ陶芸作家クリストファー・マキューは、このノベルティ人形を再解釈し、《瀬戸物語10 ― ザ・ドクター（灰と薔薇）》を制作しました。マキューの新作は、現代版のフィギュアとしてではなく、壺（骨壺）の形をとっています。原作の絵画やノベルティ人形に登場する医師、病気の子ども、そして両親の姿が、壺の表面に浮かび上がるような装飾として表現されています。この作品は、《ザ・ドクター》を瀬戸のノベルティ文化を象徴する存在として称えるとともに、「破壊」「再生」「更新」という国際芸術祭あいち2025のテーマにも呼応しています。<br/
Historic Aerial Photo Calibration Reports
No full textThis dataset contains information manually extracted from 1392 calibration reports provided by the USGS Camera Calibration Reports database (https://calval.cr.usgs.gov/cameracal/reports.html). Additionally, calculates summary information for different aerial camera fiducial marker patterns, based on browse images and calibration reports downloaded from USGS EarthExplorer (https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/). For additional information, including a summary of the different fiducial marker patterns, see https://spymicmac.readthedocs.io/en/latest/cameras.html
Social policy in a political vacuum: Women's experiences of hunger during the Cost‐of‐Living Crisis in Northern Ireland
Get PDFBetween 2022 and 2024, there was no devolved government functioning in Northern Ireland. This protracted absence of government occurred in the aftermath of the Covid‐19 pandemic and during what is arguably the worst economic crisis of recent years. Women are more vulnerable to hardship during economic crisis and thus it is unsurprising that the Cost‐of‐Living Crisis is hitting women hardest. This paper examines increasing food insecurity for women in Northern Ireland and the implications for the realisation of their human right to an adequate standard of living. The UK Government has ratified the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, which provides a legal duty to ensure that everyone has adequate access to food. However, increasing numbers of food banks and ill health related to insufficient food intake indicates that there is a fundamental problem. This article draws on 20 focus groups with 250 women on a low‐income to explore their experiences of the Cost‐of‐Living Crisis in Northern Ireland. The research found that women routinely skipped meals; described feelings of shame and guilt associated with struggling to feed their children; and discussed difficulties associated with purchasing food. Much of the pain associated with the hunger experienced by these women and children is hidden within the private sphere of the home. This article intends to shine a light on women's experiences and will reflect on the necessary policy change required to ensure compliance with international human rights obligations
A qualitative exploration of the impact of educational social fields on mental health help‐seeking in post‐primary schools in Northern Ireland
Get PDFIn a study of post‐primary students in Northern Ireland, Bourdieu’s concepts of cultural capital, habitus and fields are used to explore attitudes towards help‐seeking from general practitioners (GPs). Findings from Grammar and Secondary Modern School students are compared using the role of educational fields in influencing help‐seeking behaviours for mental health problems. Focus groups were conducted of 54 students at 10 post‐primary schools in Northern Ireland, each consisting of 5–7 pupils, stratified by age (13–17 years) and gender. The data were analysed thematically to assess attitudinal and belief patterns within school environments. Participants from both types of schools expressed reluctance to seek help from GPs for mental health concerns. However, the attitudes towards help seeking differ between grammar schools (GSs) and secondary modern schools with regards to (a) the act of help‐seeking; (b) service knowledge and medical professionalism; and (c) trust and disclosure. The field of GSs appears to produce students who feel more able and, importantly, more entitled to mental health support from health professionals. While this apparent conference of cultural norms increases some individuals’ access to services, work is required to build help‐seeking pathways which are responsive to diverse young people
Exploring access to community neurorehabilitation for people with progressive neurological conditions: a qualitative study
Get PDFPurpose: Community neurorehabilitation enables people with progressive neurological conditions (PNCs) to manage their symptoms to live an active, fulfilling life; however, it is not accessible to all. This study explored the factors influencing access to community neurorehabilitation in Northern Ireland from the perspective of people with PNCs and their carers. Methods: Eleven people living with a PNC and three carers took part in virtual focus groups. Data was thematically analysed using the framework method. Results: Access to neurorehabilitation was described as a staged journey, driven by people with PNCs, and impacted by interactions with others. Four themes were identified: the person in the driving seat, describing the value of person-centred care and the need for proactivity; the traffic lights, depicting the role and influence of health care professionals (HCPs); the need for direction; and roadworks and roadblocks, identifying additional barriers to access. In addition, six fundamentals of good access were identified. Conclusions: This study adds depth to our understanding of the complexity, and the roles and needs of people with PNCs and HCPs, in accessing community neurorehabilitation. Further research is needed to determine how best to empower people to access rehabilitation.</p
Development and validation of the caregiver-report version of the international depression questionnaire (IDQ-CG) and international anxiety questionnaire (IAQ-CG)
Get PDFThe International Depression Questionnaire (IDQ) and International Anxiety Questionnaire (IAQ) are self-report measures of ICD-11 single episode depressive disorder (DD) and generalised anxiety disorder (GAD). The present study sought to describe the development and psychometric evaluation of the caregiver-report versions of the IDQ and IAQ for children, referred to as the IDQ-CG and IAQ-CG, respectively. Participants were 639 parents living in Ukraine who provided data on themselves and one child in their household as part of “The Mental Health of Parents and Children in Ukraine Study: 2023 Follow-up” study. The latent structure of the IDQ-CG and IAQ-CG were tested using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), composite reliability (CR) estimates were estimated, and convergent validity was assessed. Prevalence rates of probable ICD-11 DD and GAD were also estimated. CFA results indicated that the IDQ-CG and IAQ-CG were unidimensional, while the internal reliability of both scales was excellent. Convergent validity was established via associations with external measures of internalizing, externalizing, and attention problems as well as trauma exposure. Factors associated with increased IDQ-CG and IAQ-CG scores included pharmacological support for emotional or behavioural problems, delayed milestone development, being forced to move to another part of Ukraine, serious life disruption due to the war, and having experienced a bereavement. Of the total sample, 1.6% met diagnostic requirements for ICD-11 DD and 5.8% met diagnostic requirements for ICD-11 GAD. This study supports the psychometric properties of the IDQ-CG and IAQ-CG. These measures can be effectively used to identify young people in need of mental health support
Non-contact and non-invasive water level measurement outside metal pipes with electromagnetic acoustic resonance
Get PDFAccurate measurements of water levels within metal pipes are vital, particularly in environments where thick-walled pipes serve as critical components, such as in nuclear facilities. Measuring water levels in pipes becomes more difficult under high temperatures and pressures. In response to this need, a method involving electromagnetic acoustic measurement is proposed. This method begins with a transducer emitting a high-frequency pulse designed for precise measurements of wall thickness, then calculates the resonance frequency using the time intervals between echoes. Finally, the transducer emits an excitation signal at the fundamental resonance frequency to measure the water level. At low water levels, the measurement is conducted by manually scanning along the pipes, utilizing varying energy losses. At high water levels, the resonance echo method is employed. Numerical simulations have demonstrated that this approach effectively improves signal amplitude, thereby ensuring the robustness of the measurement. Experimental results also demonstrated that the proposed method boosted the echo signal-to-noise ratio to approximately 15 dB. Additionally, it successfully detected water levels in both aluminum and stainless-steel pipes. Therefore, it is considered to be a highly efficient non-contact and non-invasive method to measure liquid levels in metal pipes, and it has proved to hold significant potential for engineering applications