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Heptathlon: The Current Scoring System and its Biases: An Analysis into the Distribution of Scores
No full textHeptathlon is an Olympic combined event including seven track and field events. It is intended to identify the most versatile athlete. Performances from each event are scored using a points system and then summed up to reach a final score. The objective of this study is to examine if the data distribution of the heptathlon scoring system equally represents the seven events and to explore the contribution of each event to the final score. To determine this, a multiple linear regression was conducted on the results of 433 heptathlons from
19 competitions. The results showed that the scores among the disciplines are unequally distributed with throwing events having the smallest proportion (12%) and hurdles having the greatest proportion (17%) on the final score. Track events show, on average, smaller standard deviations (940.06±67.95) in their scores in comparison to field events (836.90±88.62). Long jump seems to be a key predictor for an athlete’s final score (B=118.33). Concluding, the current scoring system is not well suited to determine a multitalented athlete. It favors sprinters and jumpers over throwers and should therefore be reconsidered. Further research is necessary to develop a system that treats all events equally
Time-Shifted Alternating Gelfand-Pinsker Coding for Broadcast Channels
No full textA coding scheme for broadcast channels (BCs) is proposed that shifts the users' code blocks by different amounts of time and applies alternating Gelfand-Pinsker encoding. The scheme achieves all rate tuples in Marton's region for two receiver BCs without time-sharing or rate-splitting. Simulations with short polar codes show that the method reduces the gap to capacity as compared to time-sharing
RFOOD: Real-time Facial Authentication and Out-of-distribution Detection with Short-range FMCW Radar
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Work–family conflict and strain: Revisiting theory, direction of causality, and longitudinal dynamism.
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