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Similarity between structural and proxy estimates of brain connectivity.
No full textFunctional magnetic resonance and diffusion weighted imaging have so far made a major contribution to delineation of the brain connectome at the macroscale. While functional connectivity (FC) was shown to be related to structural connectivity (SC) to a certain degree, their spatial overlap is unknown. Even less clear are relations of SC with estimates of connectivity from inter-subject covariance of regional F18-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake (FDGcov) and grey matter volume (GMVcov). Here, we asked to what extent SC underlies three proxy estimates of brain connectivity: FC, FDGcov and GMVcov. Simultaneous PET/MR acquisitions were performed in 56 healthy middle-aged individuals. Similarity between four networks was assessed using Spearman correlation and convergence ratio (CR), a measure of spatial overlap. Spearman correlation coefficient was 0.27 for SC-FC, 0.40 for SC-FDGcov, and 0.15 for SC-GMVcov. Mean CRs were 51% for SC-FC, 48% for SC-FDGcov, and 37% for SC-GMVcov. These results proved to be reproducible and robust against image processing steps. In sum, we found a relevant similarity of SC with FC and FDGcov, while GMVcov consistently showed the weakest similarity. These findings indicate that white matter tracts underlie FDGcov to a similar degree as FC, supporting FDGcov as estimate of functional brain connectivity
The orchestration of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell-mediated anti-cancer immunity by an immunostimulatory cDC1 subpopulation
No full textDiese Arbeit untersucht, inwieweit Interaktionen zwischen konventionellen dendritischen Zellen vom Typ 1 (cDC1) und CD8+ T-Zellen im Tumormikromilieu die Antitumor-Immunantwort beeinflussen. Es wurden intratumorale cDC1-CD8+ T-Zell-Cluster als ein Merkmal protektiver Antitumor-Immunantworten identifiziert. Immunostimulatorische cDC1 induzieren in den Clustern die Effektordifferenzierung der T-Zellen. Die Cluster sind auch in Krebspatienten mit einer protektiven Immunantwort assoziiert.This work investigates the impact of interactions between conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1) and CD8+ T cells within the tumor microenvironment on anti-cancer immunity. Intratumoral cDC1-CD8+ T cell clusters were identified as a feature of protective anti-cancer immunity. Within these clusters, immunostimulatory cDC1 induce the effector differentiation of the T cells. In cancer patients, the clusters are also associated with protective anti-cancer immunity
Untargeted metabolomics reveals PTI‐associated metabolites
No full textPlants employ a multilayered immune system to combat pathogens. In one layer, recognition of Pathogen- or Microbe-Associated Molecular Patterns or elicitors, triggers a cascade that leads to defence against the pathogen and Pattern Triggered Immunity. Secondary or specialised metabolites (SMs) are expected to play a role, because they are potentially anti-fungal compounds. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants inoculated with Alternaria solani s.l. show symptoms of infection after inoculation. Plants inoculated with Alternaria alternata remain symptomless. We hypothesised that pattern-triggered induction of resistance related metabolites in tomato contributes to the resistance against A. alternata. We compared the metabolomic profile (metabolome) of tomato after treatments with A. alternata, A. solani and the fungal elicitor chitin, and identified SMs involved in early defence of tomato plants. We revealed differential metabolome fingerprints. The composition of A. alternata and chitin induced metabolomes show larger overlap with each other than with the A. solani induced metabolome. We identify 65 metabolites possibly associated with PTI in tomato plants, including NAD and trigonelline. We confirm that trigonelline inhibits fungal growth in vitro at physiological concentrations. Thus, a true pattern-triggered, chemical defence is mounted against A. alternata, which contains anti-fungal compounds that could be interesting for crop protection strategies
Aspekte und Observablen stark korrelierter quantenmechanischer Phasen in zwei Dimensionen
No full textIn this thesis, we study new probes, platforms and phases of two-dimensional quantum many-body systems. We demonstrate how the spatial structure of electronic wavefunctions can be probed by optically induced quantum impurities. We use this method to observe correlated Mott-Wigner states and the two dimensional Wigner crystallization transition. We then demonstrate how interactions between quasi-particles can be tuned via solid-state Feshbach resonances, which establishes connections between two dimensional materials and the physics of ultra-cold atomic gases.
Last, we study spin-liquid phases in the Fermi-Hubbard model on a triangular lattice, which emerge robustly in the presence of large external fluxes. Possible critical theories describing the phase transitions of the spin liquid and experimental platforms are also proposed.In dieser Arbeit untersuchen wir neue Sonden, Plattformen und Phasen zweidimensionaler quantenmechanischer Vielteilchensysteme. Wir zeigen, wie die räumliche Struktur von elektronischen Wellenfunktionen durch optisch induzierte Quantenstörstellen untersucht werden kann. Wir verwenden diese Methode, um korrelierte Mott-Wigner-Zustände und den Übergang zu einem zweidimensionalen Wigner-Kristall zu beobachten. Anschließend zeigen wir, wie Wechselwirkungen zwischen Quasiteilchen über Festkörper-Feshbach-Resonanzen gesteuert werden können, was Verbindungen zwischen zweidimensionalen Materialien und der Physik ultrakalter atomarer Gase etabliert. Abschließend untersuchen wir, wie robuste Spin-Flüssigkeiten im Fermi-Hubbard-Modell auf einem dreiecks Gitter in Anwesenheit großer externer magnetischer Flüsse entstehen. Mögliche kritische Theorien zur Beschreibung der Phasenübergänge der Spin-Flüssigkeit sowie experimentelle Plattformen werden ebenfalls vorgeschlagen
Enantioselective Intramolecular ortho Photocycloaddition Reactions of 2‐Acetonaphthones
No full textRobustness investigation of an in-situ absorption measurement system for laser processing
No full text
Feature Distribution Shift Mitigation with Contrastive Pretraining for Intrusion Detection
No full textThe prognostic significance of a negative PSMA-PET scan prior to salvage radiotherapy following radical prostatectomy.
No full textAIM: The optimal management for early recurrent prostate cancer following radical prostatectomy (RP) in patients with negative prostate-specific membrane antigen positron-emission tomography (PSMA-PET) scan is an ongoing subject of debate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of salvage radiotherapy (SRT) in patients with biochemical recurrence with negative PSMA PET finding.
METHODS: This retrospective, multicenter (11 centers, 5 countries) analysis included patients who underwent SRT following biochemical recurrence (BR) of PC after RP without evidence of disease on PSMA-PET staging. Biochemical recurrence-free survival (bRFS), metastatic-free survival (MFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed using Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression assessed predefined predictors of survival outcomes.
RESULTS: Three hundred patients were included, 253 (84.3%) received SRT to the prostate bed only, 46 (15.3%) additional elective pelvic nodal irradiation, respectively. Only 41 patients (13.7%) received concomitant androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Median follow-up after SRT was 33 months (IQR: 20-46 months). Three-year bRFS, MFS, and OS following SRT were 73.9%, 87.8%, and 99.1%, respectively. Three-year bRFS was 77.5% and 48.3% for patients with PSA levels before PSMA-PET ≤ 0.5 ng/ml and > 0.5 ng/ml, respectively. Using univariate analysis, the International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade > 2 (p = 0.006), metastatic pelvic lymph nodes at surgery (p = 0.032), seminal vesicle involvement (p 0.5 ng/ml (p = 0.004), and lack of concomitant ADT (p = 0.023) were significantly associated with worse bRFS. On multivariate Cox proportional hazards, seminal vesicle infiltration (p = 0.007), ISUP score >2 (p = 0.048), and pre SRT PSA level > 0.5 ng/ml (p = 0.013) remained significantly associated with worse bRFS.
CONCLUSION: Favorable bRFS after SRT in patients with BR and negative PSMA-PET following RP was achieved. These data support the usage of early SRT for patients with negative PSMA-PET findings
