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Beyond the stomach stall: Current and emerging pharmacotherapeutics for gastroparesis
No full textGastroparesis is a gastrointestinal motility disorder characterized by delayed gastric emptying, which precipitates symptoms like nausea, vomiting, early satiety, and bloating. Diagnosis requires evidence of delayed gastric emptying and exclusion of mechanical obstruction. The Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index measures symptom severity and supports the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) drug development guidelines. Idiopathic, diabetic, and postsurgical causes are common, with medications such as glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists and opioids also contributing. Symptoms significantly impair quality of life, reduce income, and increase caregiver burden, emergency visits, and hospitalizations. Hence, there is an urgent need to improve or innovate therapeutics for this draining condition.
Camilleri and Jencks (2025) provide in Pharmacological Reviews an in-depth discussion of pharmacological treatments for gastroparesis. The authors remind us that as of yet, metoclopramide remains the only FDA-approved drug for gastroparesis treatment, although its usage is limited to 12-week courses because of the rare but serious risk of tardive dyskinesia. Metoclopramide’s mechanism involves central and peripheral dopamine receptor antagonism, providing antiemetic and prokinetic effects. However, its limitations have led to an off-label interest in domperidone, another dopamine antagonist with lower central nervous system penetration, resulting in fewer neurological side effects. Despite similar efficacy to metoclopramide, domperidone is associated with QT prolongation, which requires diligent cardiac monitoring. Domperidone is typically dosed at 10e20 mg 3 times daily and, while effective, is restricted in the United States because of these cardiac risks
MACHINE LEARNING DRIVEN DEVELOPMENT OF CORROSION INHIBITORS IN OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS
No full textCorrosion inhibitors remain one of the most widely used and effective strategies for mitigating corrosion in the oil and gas industry. This study employed a machine learning (ML)-driven approach to develop green corrosion inhibitors, utilizing a Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) to predict inhibition efficiencies. The model was trained on a dataset of over 100 inhibitors and predicted an inhibition efficiency of 84% for 200 ppm chitosan-grafted polyacrylamide (CsAM). Experimental validation was conducted using electrochemical techniques on CsAM, synthesized with four different polyacrylamide-tochitosan ratios. Characterization of the inhibitors was performed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Contact Angle measurements, and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). Electrochemical results showed a maximum inhibition efficiency of 98% for 1:30 CsAM at 200 ppm. Corrosion kinetic analysis revealed that the inhibitor acts as a mixed-type inhibitor, with corrosion prevention primarily governed by physisorption
PRECONTRACTUAL LIABILITY UNDER THE NEW SAUDI CIVIL TRANSACTIONS LAW: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Get PDFObjective: This paper critically examines the effectiveness of the regulation of precontractual
liability by the 2023 Saudi Civil Transactions Law (SCTL) in preserving the interests of contract
negotiators.
Theoretical Framework: The focus of analysis is the duty to negotiate in good faith in lights of
judicial rulings, whether that refuse or recognize such duty.
Method: The paper discusses and assesses precontractual liability under Article 41 SCTL in
comparison with some other civil codes. The paper adopts a desk research methodology to
analyze and synthesize related academic writings and court rulings.
Results and Discussion: While most Arab civil codes do not directly regulate precontractual
liability, Article 41 SCTL expressly provides essential legal protection of parties’ interests during
contract negotiations. However, Article 41 SCTL does not address all situations of bad faith
negotiation. It also limits precontractual liability to negative interests. This paper identifies
some areas for improvement, like enabling the court to order the interrupting negotiator to
continue contract negotiations or to consider the intended contract as concluded.
Research Implications: These results encourage the legislature in Arab States to follow the
Saudi model and directly regulate precontractual liability; they also offer the policy-maker in
Saudi Arabia to reform the regulation of precontractual liability.
Originality/Value: This paper offers a unique study of the regulation of precontractual liability
under the newly enacted SCTL. It also provides recommendations for improvements of Article
41 SCTL as well as other Arab civil codes
Modeling and Analysis of Large-Scale Direct Contact Membrane Distillation and Parabolic Trough Concentrated Solar Power
Get PDFIn arid regions worldwide, sea and brackish water desalination is the primary source of potable
water. In Kuwait and the Gulf countries, co-generation plants combine seawater desalination and
power generation. Thermal desalination is prevalent in these plants, with a more than 70% share.
Similarly, electric power generation is dominated by fossil fuels that operate steam and
combined cycle turbines.
This study is motivated by the pressing need for sustainable and renewable sources for electricity
generation and water desalination. It focuses on the design and performance analysis of largescale
concentrated solar power (CSP) plants with a capacity of 111 MWe. The system utilizes
parabolic trough solar collectors (PT) and molten salt energy storage tanks. It is combined with a
direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) system, which has a capacity of 100,000 m³/d.
Design and analysis of the CSP system are conducted using the System Advisory Model (SAM),
which utilizes daily average data on ambient temperature and solar radiation in Kuwait. The
model generates the thermal energy load and the amount of electric power produced by the PTCSP
system. This data is then used to design a large-scale DCMD plant that operates on feed and
cooling water temperatures of 60 °C and 20 °C, respectively. The feed stream in the DCMD
system flows across four elements in series, with a 5 °C drop in each component, while the
cooling water flows in a parallel configuration.
The system's design characteristics and model predictions align with previous literature.
Estimates of the levelized cost for both systems are 0.11/kWh for electric power.
Both systems are envisioned as integral components of existing co-generation plants in Kuwait.
The model and results provide insights into large-scale renewable energy plants and nonconventional
desalination systems that utilize low-grade energy and heating steam from lowpressure
turbines. A MATLAB code is used to design the DCMD system and assess model
accuracy
استعمال الذكاء الاصطناعي والنماذج الإحصائية للتنبؤ بمخزون مياه السدود دراسة حالة المغرب
Get PDFفي ظل التغيرات المناخية التي يشهدها العالم والتي أفرزت جفافا في عدة مناطق منه، أصبح من اللازم تطوير مختلف الآليات العلمية والتكنولوجية، الداعمة للسياسات المتبعة في إدارة المياه لمواجهة التحديات التي يطرحها واقع المناخ، خاصة في جانب استشراف الوضعية المستقبلية لمخزون المياه في السنوات والعقود المقبلة وما لذلك من أثر على المجال الفلاحي والصناعي والتنمية الاقتصادية والاجتماعية عامة. فالدراسات العلمية ذات المصداقية ستساعد مديري مجال المياه على اتخاذ الاحتياطات المناسبة في استهلاك المياه ونهج سياسات لترشيد استعمالها لتفادي وضعية يصعب علاجها مع مرور الوقت كما أن مثل هذه الدراسات تشكل سندا ومرجعا لصانع القرار والفاعل في مجال توفير المياه لتدبير هذا المجال الذي يعد أحد أهم تحديات الألفية الثالثة.
في هذا السياق، تأتي هذه الورقة البحثية التي عمدت إلى بلورة نماذج إحصائية ونماذج للذكاء الاصطناعي وكذا نماذج هجينة بين الذكاء الاصطناعي والنماذج الإحصائية السلاسل زمنية تمثل المخزون الماني اليومي الخمسة وأربعين سدا مغربيا خلال الفترة الممتدة من سنة 2015 إلى نهاية سنة 2022، مع العمل على ضبط البارامترات الفائقة لهذه النماذج ومقارنة مردوديتها ودقتها في توقع مخزون المياه، إضافة إلى تحليل معطيات إحصائية مختلفة مرتبطة بهذه العينة من السدود. واعتمادا على مقياسي جذر متوسط مربع الخطأ (RMSE) ومتوسط الخطأ المطلق (SVR)، وباستخدام منهجية التحقق المتقاطع، خلصت الدراسة إلى أن الخوارزمية المبنية على نموذج الانحدار الذاتي المتكامل والمتوسطات المتحركة (ARIMA) وخوارزمية الانحدار المتجه الداعم (SVR) هما الأكثر دقة في توقع المخزون المائي لهذه السدود المغربية.
ورغم أن حدود الدراسة تشمل العينة المشتغل عليها والتي تنتمي لمجال جغرافي وبيني يشمل دولة المغرب، إلا أن فكرتها والنتائج المتوصل إليها منها قابلة للتعميم مع إنجاز دراسات مماثلة في البلدان المطلة على البحر الأبيض المتوسط أو في مناطق جغرافية مماثلة، وذلك بهدف استخدام التقنيات الحديثة في التوقع والنمذجة لحسن إدارة المياه وتخطيط المستقبل لتحقيق
التنمية المستدامة
[ حفل توقيع اتفاقية بين جامعة قطر والقمة العالمية للذكاء الاصطناعي "انسبايرد مايندز" ]
No full textوقّعت جامعة قطر مذكرة تفاهم مع القمة العالمية للذكاء الاصطناعي "انسبايرد مايندز"، وبموجب هذه الاتفاقية، ستكون جامعة قطر الشريك التعليمي الحصري الرسمي لقمة الذكاء الاصطناعي في قطر خلال الفترة من 2025 إلى 2028
Mentorship programs for Gifted Students in STEM Fields - A Systematic Review
No full textتهدف المراجعةُ المنهجية الحالية إلى استنتاج مخرجات الأدبيات التربوية المرتبطة ببرامج تلمذة الطلبة الموهوبين ضمن مجالات منهجية STEM، فراجعَ الباحثان (451) دراسة بين عامَي 2014-2021 باستخدام (4) معايير، وصولًا إلى اختيار (11) دراسة توافقت مع تلك المعايير، واعتمد الباحثان على (برتوكولات PRISMA 2015-2020) المعدلة وفق أهداف المراجعة الحالية، وهي قائمةٌ مكونة من (17) عنصرًا ومخطط لتحليل الدراسات المستهدفة. وتوصلت نتيجة المراجعة المنهجية الحالية إلى وجود توجُّه كبير نحو برامج التلمذة الإلكترونية والاهتمام بالفئات الخاصة الممثلين تمثيلًا ناقصًا، بالإضافة إلى استخدام معظم الدراسات للمنهجية النوعية في قياس برامج التلمذة، وأظهرت معظمُ الدراسات تقديم البرامج للمراحل التعليمية المتقدمة، والحصول على نتائج إيجابية في المجالات الأكاديمية والنفسية والاجتماعية للفئات المختلفة.The current systematic review aims to explore the outcomes of the educational literature related to mentorship programs of gifted students in STEM fields. The researchers reviewed (451) studies conducted between the years 2014-2021 using (4) selection criteria, and selected (11) studies that matched those criteria. The researchers used a modified version of (PRISMA 2015-2020 protocols) tailored to the objectives of the current review, which consists of a list of (17) elements and a chart for analyzing the targeted studies, and the result of the current systematic review found that there is a strong tendency towards electronic mentorship programs and attention to underrepresented special populations. Also, most of the studies used the qualitative methodology to evaluate mentorship programs, and showed that they are provided for advanced educational stages and that they result in obtaining positive outcomes in academic, psychological and social fields for different groups
إنجازات فرق طلاب وطالبات جامعة قطر في بطولة الجامعات للشطرنج 2025
No full textاعلان قطاع شؤون الطلاب عن تحقيق فرق جامعة قطر للشطرنج مراكز متقدمة في بطولة الجامعات 2025
Life Saving Skills in Dental Practice: Self-Perceived Preparedness of Dental Students to Manage Medical Emergencies.
No full textRecognition and management of medical emergencies in dental practice is an essential topic area in dental education. However, limited published research on the topic is available from dental institutions in lower-middle income countries (LMICs). Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the teaching methodologies and self-reported confidence of dental undergraduate (predoctoral) students in the management of medical emergencies likely to be encountered in clinical dental practice. After obtaining ethical approval, undergraduate dental students from six dental institutions were invited to participate in an online survey. Data were collected using a purposefully designed questionnaire which was pretested. The survey inventory explored multiple facets of teaching, training, and assessment of recognized medical emergencies in clinical dental practice. In addition, the questionnaire evaluated the self-reported confidence of the participants in the management of medical emergencies. Responses were received from 12 institutions with a population of 1402 students. A total of 727 participants responded to the survey, yielding a response rate of 51.85%. Marked variations in didactic and practical training of medical emergencies were reported. Overall, the participants reported between low and moderate confidence in the management of medical emergencies (α = 0.96). Analysis of variance showed significant variations in confidence based on demographic variables with male students, students aged over 26 years, interns, and those at private institutions reporting higher confidence (p < 0.05). Responses to open-ended items highlighted significant gaps in practical training of dental students on the management of medical emergencies. The results of this study highlight significant gaps in practical training of dental students on the management of medical emergencies. The participants expressed low to moderate confidence in their knowledge and skills to manage medical emergencies. The findings underscore the need to improve the teaching, training, and assessment of undergraduate students to improve their knowledge, skills, and confidence for prevention and enable them to manage medical emergencies promptly and effectively.The authors would like to acknowledge the dental students for their participation in this study. Open access funding for this manuscript provided by the Qatar National Library
Contextual validation of HEMLEM tool used for measuring clinical micro-learning environments
No full textObjective A positive clinical learning environment is essential for the professional development of medical and dental students. The Healthcare Education Micro Learning Environment Measure (HEMLEM) was originally developed in the UK but lacked cross-cultural validation, limiting its global applicability. This study aims to adapt and validate a revised version of HEMLEM (HEMLEM 2.0) in Pakistani medical and dental schools, with a focus on factorial structure, measurement invariance, and psychometric robustness. Methodology The HEMLEM was culturally adapted and validated for content and face validity through expert assessments and pilot testing to evaluate Pakistani medical and dental institution’s micro-learning environment. A subsequent cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the tool’s construct validity and reliability using a sample population. Data was collected using a revised 12-item HEMLEM instrument administered via Google Forms. Descriptive statistics, including skewness and kurtosis, were calculated. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to compare one-factor, three-factor, and bifactor models. Measurement invariance was tested across gender and academic discipline (MBBS/BDS) using multi-group CFA. Internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s omega. Results A 20-expert panel assessed the content validity of HEMLEM tool, with an I-CVI score above 0.78 for each item and UA-CVI at 0.8. Ten items were revised based on feedback, forming HEMLEM 2.0. Construct validity was evaluated through responses from 628 Pakistani medical and dental students. The three-factor model of HEMLEM 2.0, comprising “Supervision,” “Autonomy,” and “Atmosphere,” demonstrated good fit (CFI=0.932, RMSEA=0.081) and was preferred over the bifactor model due to theoretical parsimony. Full configural, metric, and scalar invariances were confirmed across both gender and discipline. Item-level skewness and kurtosis indicated acceptable normality. Reliability testing showed Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.897, Omega coefficient of 0.929, and composite reliability of 0.901, indicating strong internal consistency. Conclusion HEMLEM 2.0 is a culturally adapted, psychometrically robust tool for assessing the clinical micro-learning environment in Pakistani healthcare education. Its strong validity and reliability support its use for quality improvement, curriculum evaluation, and educational research. Future studies should examine test-retest reliability, specialty-specific insights, and applicability in other low- and middle-income countries