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Preliminary Findings on the Use of Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization in Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Qatar: A Case Series Study
No full textAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition with rising prevalence. Traditional diagnostic approaches often lack biological markers, making precision in diagnosis challenging. This study explores the role of array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (aCGH) in improving diagnostic accuracy for ASD. Five clinical vignettes of children diagnosed with ASD via DSM-5 or ADOS-2 were evaluated at a child and adolescent psychiatry clinic. Genome-wide oligonucleotide aCGH analysis was conducted using the Human Genome CGH Microarray kit (OGT), containing approximately 180,000 probes with 30-37 kb spacing based on the GRCh37 build. Fragile X syndrome was excluded using the Asuragen Amplidex PCR/CE FMR1 kit. The case series included boys aged 8-11 from diverse ethnic backgrounds (Asian, African, and Qatari), all presenting with varying degrees of ASD. Genetic analyses revealed significant chromosomal changes affecting eight genes, SHOX, HNF1B, COH1, AHNAK, DOCK8, TIAM1, TBL1XR1, and ALKBH8, highlighting diverse genetic contributions to ASD. These findings encompassed both chromosomal gains and losses, as well as variants of uncertain significance (VUS). The aCGH analyses provided valuable genetic insights, refining the diagnostic process and informing personalized management strategies for ASD. This suggests that aCGH is a useful tool in identifying clinically relevant genetic variations, particularly in settings with limited resources, where other diagnostic modalities may be less accessible.Scopu
In Vitro Assessment of Salivary Pellicle Disruption and Biofilm Removal on Titanium: Exploring the Role of Surface Hydrophobicity in Chemical Disinfection
Get PDFObjectives: Peri-implantitis is mostly caused by a pathological biofilm that forms through complex processes, initiated by the formation of the salivary pellicle on implant surfaces. Understanding the nature of these pellicles and biofilm and how to remove them is important for preventing peri-implant infections and improving the success of dental implants. This study explores the characteristics of the salivary pellicle on titanium surfaces and assesses the effectiveness of different decontamination agents in eliminating the salivary pellicle and related microbial contaminations. Materials and Methods: Titanium surfaces were contaminated with salivary pellicles and pathological biofilms. The nature of the salivary pellicle was characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), surface proteomics, contact angle measurements, and fluorescence microscopy. We tested six commonly used decontamination chemicals (chlorhexidine, essential oil-based mouthwash, citric acid, phosphoric acid, saline, and phosphate buffer saline) as well as newly proposed treatments such as surfactants and solvents (acetone, acetic acid, and Tween 20) for their capability to eliminate salivary pellicles and pathogenic biofilms from titanium surfaces. Results: The hydrophobic nature of the salivary pellicle on titanium surfaces limits the efficacy of commonly used hydrophilic solutions in removing pellicles and bacteria. Organic solvents and surfactants, particularly acetic acid and Tween 20, demonstrated superior effectiveness in removing the pellicle and biofilm. Acetic acid was notably effective in restoring surface composition, reducing microbial levels, and removing multispecies biofilms. Conclusions: The use of surfactants and solvents could be a promising alternative for the treatment of biofilms on titanium surfaces. However, further studies are needed to explore their clinical applicability.This work was supported by the Fondation de I'Ordre des dentists du Quebec (FODQ), Le Reseau de recherch\u00E9 en sant\u00E9 buccodentaire et ossseuse (RSBO) (F.T., M.-N.A.), the Fonds de recherche du Qu\u00E9bec\u2014Sant\u00E9 (FRQS) (W.C.), the Fonds de recherche du Qu\u00E9bec\u2014Nature et technologies (FRQNT) (M.-N.A.), the Islamic Development Bank Scholarship (A.A.A.-H.), the Alpha Omega Foundation of Canada (A.A.A.-H.), the Canadian Foundation for Innovation (CFI, F.T.), NSRC-Discovery (F.T.), and Canada Research Chair (Tire 2, F.T.)
Pain control following impacted mandibular third molar surgery: a comparison of the effectiveness of two different protocols.
Get PDFThe use of multimodal analgesia is a common practice in clinical settings, where a combination of drugs with different mechanisms of action is used to enhance the effectiveness of an analgesic and reduce its adverse effects. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of concurrent ibuprofen and paracetamol with alternate administration in the management of postoperative pain after the surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars. A single-center, double-masked, parallel-group, randomized controlled clinical trial involved 56 patients undergoing scheduled surgical extraction of impacted mandibular third molars. Patients were randomly assigned to either Group A (Control), where they were instructed to take one tablet of ibuprofen 400 mg and two tablets of paracetamol 500 mg together every 8 h for 48 h, or Group B (Study), where they were instructed to take one tablet of ibuprofen 400 mg and two tablets of paracetamol 500 mg alternatively every 4 h for 48 h. The primary outcome measure was the intensity of postoperative pain, which was evaluated using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) ranging from 0 to 10. The secondary outcome measure was the timing of the onset of the analgesic effect, the duration of pain relief, the frequency of rescue drug administration, and the time interval between taking the recommended medication and the need for rescue medication. Investigators involved in analyzing the patients' responses were blinded to the pain control regime used by the participants. Pain intensity during the first 48 h after the extractions showed that most participants experienced "some pain," including 50% in Group A and 35.7% in Group B. The percentage of patients reporting "no pain" was higher in group B than in group A, although the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.495). More than half of the participants (53%) in group A reported needing an extra dose in the 48-hour follow-up period, while 85% in group B reported pain relief (p = 0.002). When correlating the mean pain score to the complexity level, in patients with moderate complexity of extraction, higher pain scores were recorded in group B. The findings of this study show that the combination of Paracetamol and Ibuprofen are well-tolerated and effective option for post operative pain after surgical removal of mandibular third molars. Use of Paracetamol and Ibuprofen alternatively in the first 48 h showed a more effective pain control compared to concurrent use of these medications. However given the small sample size and patients recruited from a single center, multicenter studies with a bigger sample size and stratified complexity groups would enhance the generalizability of the findings.This trial protocol was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (Registration No: NCT06514222 dated 23/07/2024)
Hepatitis C virus transmission among people who inject drugs in the Middle East and North Africa: mathematical modeling analyses of incidence and intervention impact
Get PDFBackgroundThe Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is the most affected by hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection globally. This study aimed to estimate HCV incidence among people who inject drugs (PWID) in MENA and evaluate the impact of interventions. MethodsA mathematical model was extended and applied to 13 countries with at least one data point on the population size of PWID and HCV antibody prevalence among PWID, generating estimates for the period 2024–2030. The model was calibrated using multiple datasets, primarily derived from systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Multivariable uncertainty analyses were conducted. FindingsIncidence rate among PWID in the 13 countries combined was 10.4 per 100 person-years (95% UI: 8.0–14.1), with an estimated 42,364 new infections annually (95% UI: 27,990–57,540), accounting for 16.9% (95% UI: 8.3–28.2) of all cases in these countries. These figures varied widely across countries. A 75% reduction in needle/syringe sharing decreased viremic chronic infection prevalence by 14.2% (95% UI: 11.3–17.1), incidence rate by 33.8% (95% UI: 30.2–40.5), and annual new infections by 24.4% (95% UI: 17.7–30.1). A 10% reduction in PWID numbers and a 20% reduction in injection frequency decreased chronic infection prevalence by 1.7% (95% UI: 1.4–2.5), incidence rate by 4.2% (95% UI: 3.9–4.4), and annual new infections by 11.1% (95% UI: 10.9–11.9). Achieving 75% direct-acting antiviral treatment coverage by 2030 decreased chronic infection prevalence by 65.3% (95% UI: 64.8–65.8), incidence rate by 34.5% (95% UI: 29.6–40.3), and annual new infections by 25.3% (95% UI: 19.9–29.3). Combinations of interventions reduced these epidemiologic outcomes by up to 80%. InterpretationMENA experiences considerable HCV incidence among PWID. While the interventions showed potential, only large-scale or multi-intervention strategies can achieve meaningful reductions in HCV transmission. FundingThis publication was made possible by NPRP grant number 12S-0216-190,094 from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation). The authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this publication and they do not necessarily represent the views, decisions, or policies of World Health Organization.This publication was made possible by NPRP grant number 12S-0216-190,094 from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation)
An In-Vitro Investigation into the Fracture Resistance of Prefabricated and Custom-Made Zirconia Crowns for Permanent Molars in Children
Get PDFBackground: Recently, the demand for esthetic restorations has grown dramatically and extended into the pediatric population. The prefabricated zirconia crowns (PZCs) and custom-made zirconia crowns (CZCs) are new esthetic options in pediatric dentistry. However, they are still inadequately tested for use in children. Aim: To determine the fracture resistance and failure mode of the PZC in comparison to the CZC. Materials and Methods: In this in-vitro study, thirty cobalt-chromium dies were fabricated by scanning the negative replica of a prefabricated lower first permanent molar zirconia crown. CZCs were designed and milled using two different zirconia brands: Ceramill Zolid-FX (FX) and the Highly-Translucent (HT) zirconia. Dies were randomly assigned to receive either a PZC or a CZC (n = 10 in each group). All crowns were cemented on their respective dies using glass ionomer cement. Following artificial aging, all specimens were loaded to failure. Fracture mode analysis was performed. One-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc test were used for multiple comparisons across the groups. The significant level was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results: HT zirconia had a significantly higher fracture load compared to other groups (p < 0.05). The mean fracture resistance values were: (3087 ± 385) N for HT zirconia, (2633 ± 300) N for PZCs, and (2483 ± 381) N for FX, with no statistically significant difference in fracture strengths between PZCs and FX. Conclusions: HT zirconia crowns showed the highest fracture resistance amongst all groups. The fracture loads of tested crowns exceeded the maximum posterior biteforce. When placed in permanent molars, PZC are expected to perform well under masticatory forces in children.This research received financial support from the Deanship of Research, Jordan University of Science and Technology (#20230300).Scopu
نبض الصحة : اليوم العالمي للامتناع عن التبغ
No full textفضح زيف المغريات: كشف أساليب دوائر صناعة التبغ ومنتجات النيكوتين
مقابلة الأستاذ حسن الملا
No full textولد الأستاذ حسن الملا في منطقة سوق واقف، وبدأ دراسته الابتدائية، ثم انتقل إلى مدرسة خالد بن الوليد بمنطقة سوق واقف، وبعدها درس في دار المعلمين وتخرج منها عام 1969م، ثم بدأ العمل في وزارة التربية والتعليم القطرية، ودرّس في مدرسة صلاح الدين إلى أن سافر إلى بغداد؛ لدارسة أكاديمية بغداد للفنون الجميلة عام 1971م، وتخرج منها عام 1977م، ثم رجع إلى قطر وبدأ العمل في الوسائل التعليمية في قطر إلى أن تحول إلى وزارة الإعلام والثقافة القطرية.
تقلد الأستاذ حسن الملا مناصب عدة منها أمين مرسم الحر، ومساعد الجمعية التشكيلية، ورئيس الجمعية التشكيلية لمدة 16 عاما. عمل الأستاذ حسن الملا العديد من اللوحات الفنية وعرضها في مدن قطرية عدة كمدنية الخور، والوكرة، ومسيعيد، وكون مع زملائه: أصدقاء الفن الخليجي، وسافروا إلى دول عربية مختلفة لعرض أعمالهم الفنية مثل مصر، تونس. في الأخير نصح الأستاذ حسن الملا كل من لديه هواية وموهبة أن يهتم بها، وأن يعمل على تحقيق أهدافه بغض النظر عن بيئته الاجتماعية والثقافي
Contextual Implications of the Stories of Ishmael, Isaac, and Jacob (Peace be Upon Them) in the Quran
No full textيعنى هذا البحث بدراسة الدلالات السياقية لقصص إسماعيل وإسحاق ويعقوب -
عليهم السلام في القرآن الكريم ليجلي مدى اصطباغ محاور السور القرآنية على الدلالات المستنبطة من قصص هؤلاء الأنبياء، وذلك باستخدام المنهج الاستقرائي لحصر الآيات التي وردت فيها هذه القصص والمنهج التحليلي الاستنباطي لتحليل الآيات واستنباط الدلالات وقد خلص البحث إلى أن اختلاف المفسرين في تحديد محور السورة أحيانًا، يزيد القصة تكاملاً وبعدا جماليا، ويضفي عليها فوائد عظيمة تدل على مرونة أسلوب السرد القصصي للقرآن الكريم.This research focuses on studying the contextual implications of the
stories of Ishmael, Isaac, and Jacob (peace be upon them) in the Quran,
aiming to highlight how the themes of the Quranic surahs align with the
meanings derived from the stories of these prophets. The research employs
an inductive method to identify the verses that contain these stories, and an
analytical and deductive approach to analyze the verses and extract the
implications. The study concludes that the differing opinions of the
interpreters in determining the theme of a surah sometimes enhance the
completeness and aesthetic depth of the story, adding significant benefits that
reflect the flexibility of the Quran's narrative style
The degree of practicing moral values among primary school students from the point of view of teachers in government schools in the state of Qatar.
No full textاستهدفت هذه الدراسة الكشف عن درجة ممارسة القيم لدى تلاميذ المرحلة الابتدائية من وجهة نظر المعلمين في المدارس الحكومية في دولة قطر، وسعت إلى تحديد القيم الأخلاقية اللازمة تنميتها لدى الفئة نفسها من التلاميذ، كما سعت إلى معرفة درجة تأثير متغيرات ( جنس المعلم، والمادة الدراسية، وسنوات الخبرة على ممارسة التلاميذ للقيم الأخلاقية.
واعتمدت هذه الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، وقامت الباحثة ببناء أداتين (قائمة القيم الأخلاقية، والاستبانة من أجل الإجابة عن تساؤلات الدراسة وتحقيق أهدافها. تكون مجتمع الدراسة من جميع معلمي ومعلمات المرحلة الابتدائية في المدارس الحكومية في دولة قطر للعام الأكاديمي 2024 - 2025، واقتصرت عينة الدراسة على (364) معلماً ومعلمة للمرحلة الابتدائية تم اختيارهم بالطريقة العشوائية البسيطة. وأسفرت هذه الدراسة عن النتائج التالية:
تكونت قائمة القيم الأخلاقية من 12 قيمة، وهي ( الصدق والالتزام، والتواضع، والرحمة والإيثار، والأمانة، وتقبل النصيحة، والتعاون، وتقدير المعلم، واحترام الآخر، والتسامحوالنظافة؛ حيث اتفق معظم المحكمين على أهميتها بالنسبة للمرحلة الابتدائية. درجة ممارسة تلاميذ المرحلة الابتدائية لكل قيمة من القيم الأخلاقية في المدارس الحكومية في دولة قطر جاءت بدرجة ممارسة كبيرة لجميع القيم الأخلاقية من وجهة نظر معلميهم.
وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية تُعزى لمتغير جنس المعلم لصالح المعلمات.
وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية تُعزى لمتغير سنوات الخبرة لصالح المعلمين أصحاب الخبرة من 5 - 10 سنوات على حساب أصحاب الخبرة ( أقل من 5 سنوات).
وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية تُعزى لمتغير المادة الدراسية لصالح ( المسار العلمي) على حساب مواد اللغة الإنجليزية والعلوم الاجتماعية والعلوم العامة والحاسوب).
وقد أوصت الدراسة بتعزيز تبادل الخبرات التربوية والاستراتيجيات التعليمية بين المعلمين والمعلمات من خلال عقد ورش عمل مشتركة يستفيد من خلالها المعلمون استراتيجيات وأساليب فعالة لتعزيز القيم الأخلاقية. كما أوصت بتصميم برامج تدريبية للمعلمين والمعلمات حديثي التخرج تركز على كيفية دمج القيم الأخلاقية في التدريس باستخدام أساليب واستراتيجيات حديثة وفعالة.This study aimed to examine the extent to which primary school students
practice moral values from the perspective of teachers in government
schools in Qatar. It sought to establish a list of essential moral values that
should be nurtured among primary students in Qatar. Additionally, the
study explored the degree to which students adhere to these values, as
perceived by their teachers, and investigated the impact of certain variables
(teacher’s gender, subject taught, and years of experience) on students’
practice of moral values.
The study adopted a descriptive-analytical methodology. The researcher
developed two research instruments: a list of moral values and a
questionnaire, to address the study’s questions and achieve its objectives.
The study population comprised all primary school teachers in government
schools across Qatar during the 2024–2025 academic year. A simple
random sampling technique was used to select a sample of 364 teachers.
Key Findings:
• The study resulted in a list of 12 fundamental moral values:
honesty, commitment, humility, compassion, altruism, trustworthiness,
receptiveness to advice, cooperation, appreciation of teachers, respect for
others, tolerance, and cleanliness. These values were endorsed as essential
for primary students by the majority of expert reviewers.
• The findings indicated that primary school students in Qatari
government schools exhibit a high level of adherence to moral values,
according to their teachers.
• Statistically significant differences were found based on the
gender of the teacher, favoring female teachers.
• Statistically significant differences were also observed based
on years of experience, with teachers who had 5–10 years of experience
perceiving a higher level of moral values among students compared to
those with less than five years of experience.
• Additionally, differences were found based on the subject taught, with teachers in the scientific track reporting higher levels of moral
value practice among students compared to teachers of English, social
studies, general science, and computer studies.
Recommendations:
The study recommended fostering the exchange of educational experiences
and teaching strategies among male and female teachers through joint
workshops that provide effective approaches to reinforcing moral values in
students. Moreover, it emphasized the need to design training programs for
newly graduated teachers, focusing on integrating moral values into
teaching using modern and effective strategies
Blue applicability grade index assessment and response surface modelling to synchronous determination of metformin hydrochloride, vildagliptin and dapagliflozin propanediol monohydrate by HPTLC method
Get PDFDiabetes mellitus is major chronic disease found in human due to stressful lifestyle and bad food habit. Recently, the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization of India has approved combination of metformin hydrochloride, vildagliptin and dapagliflozin propanediol monohydrate for the management of diabetes mellitus. Numerous chromatographic methods have been published in the literature for estimation of these anti-diabetic drugs on individual basis and their combinations. But these chromatographic analyses promoted usage of toxic organic solvents which are harmful to the environment and aquatic animal lives. In addition, no chromatographic method was found in the literature for simultaneous estimation of these anti-diabetic drugs using green solvents. In recent days, white analytical chemistry approach has been introduced in the literature for development and assessment of green, accurate, precise, cost-effective and user-friendly chromatographic methods. Hence, white analytical chemistry-driven risk-based HPTLC method was developed for synchronous estimation of these anti-diabetic drugs using green solvents and response surface modelling. The analytical quality risk assessment was applied for identification of critical method variables and response variables using risk priority number ranking and filtering method. The critical method variables were linked with critical response variables using response surface modelling by Box–Behnken design. The analytical design space was navigated control strategy was framed for robust densitometric estimation of anti-diabetic drugs. The chromatographic method was validated as per ICH Q2 (R2) guideline. The developed method was applied for synchronous assay of multiple combinations of metformin, vildagliptin and dapagliflozin using single chromatographic condition to save time, cost and resources for analysis. The assay results of these anti-diabetic drug combinations were found to be complied with the respective labelled claim of the drugs. The developed and published chromatographic methods were assessed for their redness, greenness, blueness and whiteness profiles using green analytical metrics and RGB model scoring system. The proposed method was found to be green, cost-effective, robust and user-friendly for synchronous estimation of metformin, vildagliptin and dapagliflozin