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Rodent models to evaluate the impact of cadmium exposure on atopic dermatitis
No full textThis review investigates the role of rodent models in elucidating the effects of cadmium exposure on atopic dermatitis (AD) pathology. Rodent models, particularly mice and rats, are instrumental in replicating the clinical, histological, and immunological characteristics of AD. These models offer critical insights into the disease’s progression under environmental stressors like cadmium, emphasizing the interplay between genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and oxidative stress. Rodent models are categorized into spontaneous, genetically engineered, and induced types, each contributing uniquely to AD research. Spontaneous models naturally develop AD-like symptoms, while genetically engineered models, such as filaggrin-deficient mice, highlight the synergy between genetic predispositions and environmental triggers. Induced models, employing agents like oxazolone, simulate AD conditions exacerbated by cadmium exposure. This review addresses challenges such as dose selection, interspecies differences, and environmental factors affecting reproducibility and translation of rodent studies to human contexts. Recent advancements in OMICs technologies are explored, providing a comprehensive view of cadmium-induced molecular disruptions, including oxidative stress, immune dysregulation, and epigenetic modifications. A multidisciplinary approach combining toxicology, dermatology, and immunology insights underscores the potential for identifying novel therapeutic targets. These strategies aim to mitigate cadmium’s harmful effects on AD and improve translational outcomes. Findings from this review demonstrate how rodent models enhance understanding of cadmium’s impact on AD, offering significant potential for developing remediation strategies
Tackling the disparities in surgical site infections and related antimicrobial resistance in low- and middle-income countries
No full textBackground and purposeThe financial burden, morbidity, and mortality of surgical site infection (SSI) is a global issue. Incidence rates of SSI are high in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), with evidence of surge in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in these regions. This mini review aimed to collect and analyze existing data on SSI incidence and the associated AMR in LMICs to address some concerns about causes and control strategies. MethodsMEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, AMED, Biosis, and CINAHL were all searched for this study until June 8, 2025. We included all studies comparing disparities in surgical site infections and related antimicrobial resistance in low- and middle-income countries. ResultsThe overall SSI incidence in LMICs is higher than in high-income countries . The intertwined relationship between SSI and the rising AMR burden further complicates the issue. The emergence of AMR is driven by inappropriate antibiotic use, poor regulatory oversight and stewardship, inadequate healthcare infrastructure, economic limitations that result in incomplete or informal treatments, weak surveillance systems, and environmental contamination from hospitals, agriculture, and wastewater. Vaccination, sanitation and hygiene, infection control, education, alternative therapies consideration of, antimicrobial stewardship, and prevention, are strategies to prevent and reduce the development of AMR. ConclusionAMR is a dire global problem that requires immediate action to combat its spread. Effective AMR surveillance from a "One Health" viewpoint is needed in LMICs to map and track the spread of resistance. Environmental resistome sample is required to detect the factors influencing resistance. Searching for solution to colistin resistance, a last resort antibiotic, is critical
مداخل الشيطان إلى الإنسان وسبل الوقاية منها
No full textقال تعالى : {وَقَالَ الشَّيْطَانُ لَمَّا قُضِيَ الْأَمْرُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ وَعَدَكُمْ وَعْدَ الْحَقِّ وَوَعَدتُّكُمْ فَأَخْلَفْتُكُمْ ۖ وَمَا كَانَ لِيَ عَلَيْكُم مِّن سُلْطَانٍ إِلَّا أَن دَعَوْتُكُمْ فَاسْتَجَبْتُمْ لِي ۖ فَلَا تَلُومُونِي وَلُومُوا أَنفُسَكُم ۖ مَّا أَنَا بِمُصْرِخِكُمْ وَمَا أَنتُم بِمُصْرِخِيَّ ۖ إِنِّي كَفَرْتُ بِمَا أَشْرَكْتُمُونِ مِن قَبْلُ ۗ إِنَّ الظَّالِمِينَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ } [إبراهيم : 22].
يَتَلوَّنُ الشيطانُ ويتشكَّلُ بصورٍ مختلفةٍ ليتغلغلَ في النفسِ البشريةِ ويُضلِّلَها، مُوهِمًا الإنسانَ بوعودٍ وجزاءاتٍ كاذبةٍ لا تتحقق. لقد سجل القرآن الكريم وعود الشيطان الزائفة، وأرشد البشرية في المقابل إلى سبل الوقاية منه. ويهدف هذا المقال إلى رصد وعود الشيطان ووسائله في تحريض الإنسان على عصيان الله تعالى، مع استعراض الإرشادات القرآنية للوقاية من ذلك
تنظمها جامعة قطر لاطلاع الجمهور غير المختص
No full textاحتضان جامعة قطر فعاليات المسابقة الوطنية الأطروحة في 3 دقائق
Dynamic economic dispatch of multi-area wind-solar-thermal power systems with fractional order comprehensive learning differential evolution
No full textThe significance of multi-area dynamic economic dispatch (MADED) is amplified by the integration of wind and solar energy sources which introduces considerable fluctuations. In this work, a MADED model incorporating wind and solar energy is developed. Weibull and lognormal distributions are employed to characterize their uncertainty, respectively. The over/underestimation technique is then employed to model the uncertainty. To resolve the model, an enhanced variant named FORCL-LSHADE by incorporating refined comprehensive learning (RCL) strategy, fractional order mutation, RCL-based crossover, and RCL-based parameter tuning is presented. FORCL-LSHADE overcomes the premature convergence issues of LSHADE while preserving robust convergence and maintaining population diversity. Comparative results across two MADED systems and a practical system in China, considering scenarios with and without wind and solar, demonstrate that FORCL-LSHADE offers a significant competitive advantage over other algorithms. It achieves cost reductions of 214.64, and 2657.10, 57045.64 in Case (ii). It also exhibits faster convergence, reaching final solutions at 10 %, 22.5 %, and 70 % of function evaluations in Case (i), and 10 %, 20 %, and 70 % in Case (ii). Its standard deviation is only 4.25 %, 36.87 %, and 44.99 % of LSHADE's in Case (i), and 3.91 %, 34.43 %, and 36.81 % in Case (ii).This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52367006) and the Natural Science Foundation of Guizhou Province (QiankeheBasic-ZK[2022]General121)
Towards a Plural Olympic Studies Agenda: Contesting Orientalism Through Arab Sport Narratives
No full textThis paper critically explores the Arab world’s engagement with the Olympic Movement and global sport through a postcolonial and cultural lens. It examines how colonial legacies shaped early sport structures in North Africa and the Middle East, and how these were later re-appropriated in the service of national identity, Islamic values, and regional solidarity. From the Pan-Arab and Islamic Games to the strategic use of sport mega-events by Gulf states, the paper analyzes how sport has become a vehicle for both political assertion and soft power projection. It challenges dominant Orientalist narratives by foregrounding the agency of Arab athletes, particularly women and diasporic figures, in reshaping global perceptions. The paper argues for a pluralized approach to Olympic and sport studies that recognizes the Arab region not merely as a recipient of global sport models, but as an active contributor to evolving meanings of modernity, inclusion, and international legitimacy
Examining access to daily functions through the lens of the 15-minute city concept in a highly populated city
No full textThe concept of 15-min city has gained popularity during COVID-19 for its proximity-based services accessible by active travel in a neighborhood walk of 15-min. It has potential to enhance urban quality of life, contribute to reduction of air pollution and car dependency, aligning with global sustainable development goals (SDGs). With many cities (New York, Paris, Sydney, Barcelona) implementing similar concepts, this study aims to measure the city of Lahore as a 15-min city. Due to the overwhelming number of private vehicles on the streets, the city is subjected to traffic congestion and air pollution. The scope of this study is to identify the isochrones with the most potential of sustaining the 15-min city concept based on density and diversity of amenities. A GIS-based methodology is employed to analyze accessibility to essential social urban functions based on street network of Lahore. A total of 513,527 data points for social urban functions such as (i) Residential, (ii) Commerce, (iii) Health, (iv) Education, and (v) Recreation are considered for analysis. The findings show that 1041 isochrones (approx. 2.6 million people) can access commerce, health, education, and recreational facilities by a walk of 15-min with most of these areas situated in Data Gunj Buksh Town and Gulberg Town of Lahore which highlight the potential of implementing 15-min city model in Lahore. Based on the findings of this study, policymakers and practitioners can identify the areas where pedestrian infrastructure needs to be enhanced to achieve the 15-min city as well as invest in urban development, such as infrastructure improvements and public transportation enhancement.Scopu
Adherence to the Lebanese National Dietary and Lifestyle Guidelines for Pregnancy and Its Association With Postpartum Weight Retention
No full textThe Lebanese National Dietary and Lifestyle Guidelines for Pregnancy (DLGP) were developed to foster maternal and child health. The study aims to examine adherence to the DLGP and investigate its association with postpartum weight retention at 6 months (PPWR6). This study is based on the Mother and Infant Nutrition Assessment prospective cohort study conducted among pregnant women in Lebanon (n = 152). Pregnant women were recruited during their first trimester and were followed up until 6 months after delivery. Data on the socio-economic, anthropometric and lifestyle characteristics of participants were collected. A validated FFQ was used to examine dietary intake during the second trimester. A composite score was calculated for the adherence to the DLGP, with high adherence defined as belonging to the third tertile of the score. PPWR6 was calculated as the difference between pre-pregnancy weight and weight at 6 months postpartum, and high PPWR6 was defined as belonging to the third tertile of PPWR6 (≥ 5.4 kg). Multiple logistic regression was used to examine associations between adherence to guidelines and PPWR6. The proportion of participants adhering was lowest for guidelines regarding saturated fats (1.3%), sugar (13.8%), hydration (21.7%), adequate gestational weight gain (37.5%), omega-3 supplementation (38.8%) and salt (44.1%). Average PPWR6 was 3.9 kg, with 34.2% of participants retaining ≥ 5 kg. While no association was observed between any of the individual guidelines with PPWR6, participants with high adherence to the DLGP had 77% lower odds of a PPWR6 more than 5.4 kg, compared to those in the first and second tertiles (adjusted OR: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.58). The findings of this study highlighted important gaps in adherence to the DLGP, along with a direct association between higher DLGP adherence and lower PPWR. These findings underscore the need for comprehensive strategies to promote healthier practices during pregnancy and mitigate long-term risks of obesity and related chronic diseases.This study was supported by the Qatar National Research Fund (QNRF) under the National Priorities Research Program (NPRP 6‐247‐3‐061)
Three-dimensional evaluation of pulp chamber volume and dimensions across skeletal and dental malocclusions using CBCT: a retrospective cross-sectional study
No full textAim
To evaluate and compare pulp chamber volume(PCV) and dimensions of maxillary and mandibular first molars, and maxillary central incisors, among subjects with varying vertical and anteroposterior dental and skeletal malocclusions using cone beam computed tomography(CBCT).
Materials and methods
A retrospective, cross-sectional analysis was conducted using CBCT scans from 184 Jordanian adults(mean age 24.22 ± 7.50 years). Subjects were categorized according to vertical facial pattern(short, average, and long face) and molar interdigitations (cusp-to-fossa, CFM; cusp-to-cusp, CCM). PCV and dimensions were measured using ITK-SNAP software. Data were analyzed with non-parametric tests and multiple linear regression.
Results
For molars, PCV was significantly smaller in short-faced individuals than in average and long-face groups(P ≤ 0.001 across jaws), while average vs. long face was nonsignificant. In incisors, PCV differed among all three vertical groups (P = 0.001). Enamel thickness and crown height were also reduced in this group. CCM was associated with smaller PCV and reduced enamel and crown dimensions. Incisor PCV did not significantly differ by tooth contact status. Age, gender, molar interdigitation, and vertical pattern(for incisors) were significant predictors of PCVs (P ≤ 0.05).
Conclusion
PCV and dimensions are influenced by vertical skeletal pattern, with short-faced individuals showing the smallest volumes. Molar interdigitation affects molar PCV, with CCM linked to reduced volumes. PCV showed a linear inverse association with age and are generally larger in males. Posterior crossbite correlates with increased molar PCV.
Clinical relevance
Skeletal and occlusal variation should be considered during endodontic access planning and when interpreting radiographs to avoid misjudging pulp size in patients with atypical skeletal and dental relationships.Open Access funding provided by the Qatar National Library. This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.Scopu
A Comparison between the Partial Credit and Rating Scale Models for the Classroom Management Self-Efficacy Scale of the Student Teacher
No full textهدفت الدراسةُ إلى مقارنة بين نموذج التقدير الجزئي ونموذج سلَّم التقدير لمقياس الكفاءة الذاتية في الإدارة الصفية على الطلبة المعلمين. تمثلت أداةُ الدراسة في مقياس الكفاءة الذاتية في الإدارة الصفية للطالب المعلم من إعداد (Slater & Main, 2020) وترجمة الباحث، وطُبِّق المقياس على عينة قدرُها (741) من طلبة كلية التربية (بالفرقتين الثالثة والرابعة) بجامعة أسيوط. وقد بينت نتائج الدراسة مطابقة فقرات مقياس الكفاءة الذاتية في الإدارة الصفية للطالب المعلم لنموذج سلم التقدير، ونموذج التقدير الجزئي؛ فقد كانت قيم المطابقة الداخلية والخارجية للفقرات تقع ضمن المدى المقبول، وتراوحت بين (0.5 و1.5)، كما أن قيم معاملات الثبات كانت مقبولة؛ إذ كانت جميع قيم معاملات الثبات أكبر من 0.80. كما دلت النتائجُ على الترتيب التصاعدي لقيم العتبات لمعاملات الصعوبة للفقرات، وذلك بالنسبة إلى نموذج سُلم التقدير ونموذج التقدير الجزئي. وبيَّنت النتائج وجود فرق دال إحصائيًا عند مستوى (0.01) بين النموذجين، ولصالح نموذج التقدير الجزئي، مما يدل على أن نموذجَ التقدير الجزئي هو الأكثر دقة ومناسَبةً لمقياس الكفاءة الذاتية في الإدارة الصفية.The study aimed to compare the partial credit model and the rating scale model for the Classroom Management Self-Efficacy Scale on student teachers. The study tool was the Classroom Management Self-Efficacy Scale for the student teacher prepared by (Slater, & Main, 2020) and translated by the researcher. The scale was applied to a sample of (741) students of the college of Education (third and fourth year students) at Assiut University. The results showed that the items of the Classroom Management Self-Efficacy Scale fit both the rating scale model, and the partial credit model. The infit and outfit values were within the acceptable range, ranging between (0.5 and 1.5), and the values of the reliability coefficients were acceptable (all the values of the reliability coefficients were greater than 0.80). The results also indicated the ascending order of the threshold values for the difficulty coefficients of the scale items for the rating scale model, and the partial credit model. The results showed a statistically significant difference at the level of (0.01) between the two models and in favor of the partial credit model, which indicates that the partial credit model is the most accurate and appropriate for the Classroom Management Self-Efficacy Scale