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Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) study of electrochemical CO2 reduction on Sn electrocatalysts
No full textThe extenuation of CO2 emissions using electrochemical CO2 reduction (ECR) is a promising approach. Electrochemical routes offer a number of benefits, including customizable layout, precise product modification, mild operational temperatures, and the ability to combine CO2 reduction with the production of renewable electricity. Nevertheless, the essential technique for reprocessing CO2 as a renewable resource is electrochemical CO2 reduction, yet CO2 adsorption/reduction on catalyst surfaces is challenging. To address these concerns, Mn3O4 and Sn were produced in this work at room temperature via an electrodeposition technique, which was combined with a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor suitable for room-temperature monitoring of ECR. QCM is a compelling technique for closely inspecting the responses of CO2 reduction in real time under various applied conditions. QCM was used for the first time to study the effects of Sn electrocatalysts for ECR research, and revealed the CO2 adsorption/reduction capabilities of diverse Sn catalysts. A broad investigation showed the CO2 reduction detecting ability of Sn coated QCM sensors at room temperature. The final results revealed that Sn catalysts' capacity to reduce CO2 was evident both with and without CO2 present in the solution of sodium bicarbonate electrolyte. For all the appropriate conditions, the effect of CO2 saturated electrolyte solution on the frequency and mass change with time along with applied potential were discussed in detail
Optical and structural characterization of SILAR-coated Mn-doped ZnS films for LEDs
No full textThis study explores the structural and optical properties of Zn1-xMnxS thin films, with varying Mn content (x) between 0 and 0.07. These films are meticulously fabricated on glass substrates using the successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction method. The results confirm the polycrystalline nature of these samples, revealing their crystallization in a cubic phase with the Fm-3 m space group, and providing insights into their fundamental structural makeup. Notably, these films possess a nanocrystalline character, with grain sizes ranging from 2.7 to 2.1 nm, indicating a finely textured structure at the nanoscale. The optical band gap energy, determined using Tauc's plot method, ranges from 3.53 to 3.56 eV. In the realm of optics, the study unveils that the incorporation of manganese dopant has minimal impact on the optical band gap energy, showing only minor fluctuations. This makes Mn-doped ZnS a promising material for optoelectronic applications due to its minimal absorption losses in the visible spectrum. Additionally, the research uncovers vital details about defect levels, including cation and anion vacancies, obtained through photoluminescence measurements. These defects have the potential to significantly influence the material’s electronic properties and its suitability for various applications. The utilization of a chromaticity diagram in the study elucidates the promising potential of this engineered material within the semiconductor sector, especially in the context of light-emitting diode (LED) technology, where its efficient light-emitting properties are poised to make a substantial contribution.All the authors acknowledge the support provided by the UGC via the Innovative Program and the DST via the FIST scheme of Nirmalagiri College
Abrahamism and its use in religion and politics - a critical analytical
No full textتهدف الدراسة إلى بيان مفهوم الديانة الإبراهيمية والمصطلحات المرتبطة بها، ومناقشة الموقف الإسلامي منها، وبيان مقاصد هذه الدعوة وأهدافها الدينية والسياسية، وجهود المستشرقين والفاتيكان لدعمها، ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة اعتمدت الباحثة على المنهج الاستقرائي والوصفي والتحليلي والنقدي، وتوصلت الدراسة إلى جملة من النتائج الهامة من أبرزها :
تطبيع بعض الدول العربية مع اتفاقيات أبراهام لا يمثل الموقف الإسلامي، إذ أن المؤسسات الدينية قاطبة ترفض الدعوة الإبراهيمية وتبطلها وتبين زيفها، ولكن تطبيع بعض الحكومات العربية كالإمارات والبحرين جاء لأغراض سياسية بحتة.
دعوة المسلمين إلى تبني المفاهيم التي ينادي بها الغرب من تطويع دين الإسلام لما تحمله اليهودية والمسيحية، هي أكبر تواطؤ تم لمواجهة الإسلام والمسلمين.
ولذا أوصت الدراسة الحالية بزيادة التوعية بخطورة تلك الدعوات بكل السبل المتاحة وخاصة وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي والمنابر والإعلام التقليدي.The study aims to explain the concept of the Abrahamic
religion and the terminology associated with it, discuss the
Islamic position front of that religion, and explain the
purposes of this call, its religious and political goals, and
the efforts of the Orientalists and the Vatican to support it
strongly. To achieve the objectives of the study, the
researcher relied on the inductive, descriptive, analytical
and critical approach, and the study reached a number of
important results. Among the most prominent are:
- Muslims’ ratification of the Abrahamic call gives the
distorted holy books the quality of sanctity, and gives
them the guise of innocence from distortion. Despite the
fact that desires have manipulated Christianity and many
have distorted and altered their original, sacred texts.
- The Arab countries’ normalization with the Abraham
Accords does not represent the Islamic position, as all
religious institutions reject the Abrahamic call, invalidate
it, and demonstrate its falsity, but the normalization of some Arab governments with Abrahamic, such as the
Emirates and Bahrain, came for purely political purposes.
- Calling Muslims to those terms that the West calls for,
of unifying the religion of Islam with Judaism and
Christianity are, is the biggest plot known to confront
Islam and Muslims.
Therefore, the current study recommended the renaissance
and reawakening of the danger hidden in Islamic nation by
educating Muslims about the seriousness these calls by all
available means, especially social media, platforms, and
traditional medi
Corrigendum to “Toward a paradigm shift: Oral agents and injectable drugs in the future of obesity management” [Pharmacological Reviews 77 (2025) 100008]
No full textAuthor Amirhossein Sahebkar’s last name was spelled incorrectly in the first version of this article. It has been updated. The authors apologize for this error
Does reducing the acid-etching time increase the micro-tensile bond strength of a bulk fill composite to dentin using different universal adhesives?
Get PDFThe objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate whether a reduced phosphoric acid etching time would have an impact on the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) of different universal adhesives to dentin using a bulk-fill composite. Forty-eight freshly extracted non-carious human molars were immersed in acrylic resin and cut to a height of 4 mm from the highest tubercle crest towards the cervical region. Dentin surfaces were subjected to 37% phosphoric acid pretreatment for 0, 3, or 15 s (s), rinsed with water for 20 s and gently dried, and wet-bonded. Two universal adhesives (Single Bond Universal, 3 M-ESPE; Adhese Universal, Ivoclar Vivadent) were used in this study. The Tofflemire matrix was added to each tooth, and a bulk-fill resin composite (Tetric EvoCeram Bulk-Fill, Ivoclar Vivadent) with a thickness of 5 mm was applied. The tooth composite blocks were cured using a light-emitting diode unit for either 20-40 s. Twelve groups were included (four teeth per group). All samples were immersed in distilled water for 24 h at 37°C. The samples were sectioned under water cooling to obtain multiple sticks approximately 1.0 × 1.0 × 8 mm in size using a non-trimming technique with water cooling. The µTBS test was performed (n = 20 sticks for each group). The data were analysed via a Welch analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Games-Howell post hoc test (SPSS 23.0). The interactions between the three factors were analysed with a three-way ANOVA. Significant differences were observed among the experimental groups (p < 0.05). Both adhesives exhibited the highest bond-strength values in the groups for which acid was applied to the dentin for 3 s and the composite resin was light-cured for 40 s, resulting in statistically significantly higher values for these two groups compared with the other groups (p < 0.05). Reducing the etching time to 3 s compared to the traditional etching time of 15 s increased the micro-tensile bond strength of the bulk-fill composite to dentin using universal adhesives
A Quranic Delimiters: Phonetic Pauses versus Syntactic and Semantic Linkage – Practical Study in the Seven Lengthy Chapters of the Quran.
No full textهناك فواصل قرآنية مختلفة العد والوقف والامتداد؛ فمنها ما تنتهي صوتا وتركيبا دلاليا؛ وأخرى تنتهي صوتا فقط، وثالثة من جهة التركيب الدلالي؛ وإنما كان هذا لاعتبارات عدة قائمة على ما يُحَدِّدُه علماء العد والقراءات والتفسير والنحو الدلالي، حول إمكانية الوقف عند تلك الفاصلة القرآنية، وعدد القراءات التي وردت فيها، وتأويل ذلك.
لذا، سُلط الضوء في هذا البحث على ذات الجمل الممتدة المتجاوزة لحدود الفاصلة؛ للبحث في الانسجام الصوتي والأثر النحوي والدلالي لتلك الفواصل القرآنية في تحليل السور السبع الطوال؛ ولقد وجدنا هناك التعدد والتنوع في الفواصل القرآنية وأنماطها، والجمل الممتدة، تلك المتجاوزة المعنى والتركيب بوظائف إعرابية مختلفة لها ؛ تبعًا لأمور عدة؛ كاختلاف العلة في تجاوز الفاصلة من جهة، ومن جهة أخرى اتفاق الفاصلة من عدمها عند علماء العد، وتعدد القراءات عند علمائها؛ فهناك قراءة واحدة بأوجه إعرابية مختلفة انعكس أثرها في المعنى، وأخرى قراءات عدة أوضحت علة الوقف الصوتي لتلك الفواصل، وغيرها.There are different types of Quranic delimiters, varying in counting,
stopping, and extension. Some end both in sound and semantic structure,
others end with sound only, and a third type ends only in terms of semantic
structure. This variation arises from several considerations based on what
scholars of counting, recitations, interpretation, and semantic grammar
determine regarding the possibility of stopping at those Quranic delimiters,
the number of recitations that mention them, and their interpretation.
Therefore, this research sheds light on the extended sentences that go
beyond the boundaries of the delimiter, exploring the phonetic harmony and
the grammatical and semantic impact of these Quranic delimiters in the
analysis of the seven long surahs. We found a multiplicity and diversity in
the Quranic delimiters, their patterns, and extended sentences that exceed
both meaning and structure, with different syntactic functions. This
variation depends on several factors, such as the difference in the vowel
used when surpassing the delimiter, as well as whether or not, there is
agreement on the delimiter among the scholars of counting and the
multiplicity of readings among the recitation scholars. In some cases, a
single reading has different syntactic aspects that impact the meaning, while
other readings explain the phonetic reasons for the cessation of these
intervals
Therapeutic potential and challenges of mesenchymal stem cells in neurological disorders: A concise analysis
Get PDFNeurological diseases comprise a wide array of conditions affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems. Neurodegenerative diseases encompass a group of debilitating and often fatal neurological disorders for which effective treatments are currently lacking. Stem cells are recognized for their remarkable capacity for proliferation, multilineage differentiation, and self-renewal. The transplantation of stem cells represents a significant advancement in therapeutic strategies for neurological disorders, with applications in both preclinical and clinical settings. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), in particular, have garnered substantial interest due to their unique properties, making them a highly sought-after source of therapeutic cells. Although the efficacy of MSCs in treating neurological disorders is well documented, further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and to assess their in vivo applications more comprehensively. This article summarizes current research on the use of MSCs in the treatment of various neurological disorders, including Parkinson disease, stroke, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer disease.The publication of this article is funded by the Qatar National Library
Evaluating the appropriateness and the factors associated with sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors prescribing in a Middle Eastern country: a cross-sectional study
Get PDFBackground: Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) are a novel class of oral antidiabetic drugs (ADDs). Studies evaluating the appropriateness of SGLT2is prescribing, and the factors associated with their initiation in the Middle East region are lacking. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the appropriateness of prescribing SGLT2is based on indication, dosing, and contraindication and determine the factors associated with their initial prescribing. Method: In this cross-sectional study, a cohort of 650 patients newly prescribed SGLT2is (n = 400) and/or any other oral ADDs (n = 250) during 2020 were included. Data were extracted from an electronic medical record system. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to investigate factors associated with prescribing SGLT2is. Results: SGLT2is were prescribed for appropriate indication in 400 patients (100%), while inappropriately prescribed in relation to contraindication and dosing in 14 patients (3.5%). Male patients were more likely to be prescribed SGLT2is (odds ratio [OR], 1.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-2.82). Patients with a baseline glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) above 7% and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) were more likely to be prescribed SGLT2is (OR, 3.22; 95% CI, 1.84-5.64) and (OR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.05-4.52), respectively. Patients receiving metformin (OR, 7.56; 95% CI, 4.46-12.80), sulfonylureas (OR, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.16-4.56), and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (OR, 3.43; 95% CI, 2.00-5.87) were more likely to be prescribed SGLT2is. Conclusion: SGLT2is were found to be typically prescribed for the appropriate indication. Among the most important factors associated with prescribing SGLT2is are having uncontrolled HbA1c, history of ASCVD, and using other ADDs.Open Access funding provided by the Qatar National Library. The authors did not receive support from any organization for the submitted work.Scopu
Bequest by Substitution in Qatari law: a comparative study
No full textالوصية بالتنزيل تعد استثناء من القواعد العامة للإرث في الفقه الإسلامي؛ وذلك وفقاً لما أكده الدستور القطري، بأن حق الإرث مصون وتحكمه الشريعة الإسلامية، وتعرف الوصية بالتنزيل بأنها: وسيلة قانونية اختيارية تهدف إلى تمكين الأحفاد، الذين توفي والدهم أو والدتهم في حياة المورث، من أن ينزلوا منزلة أصلهم؛ وبموجب ذلك يعتبر هؤلاء مستحقين لنصيب والدهم المتوفى أو والدتهم المتوفاة، كما لو كانوا على قيد الحياة؛ وبالتالي يتم توزيع التركة بين الورثة لكل منهم وفقاً لحصصهم الشرعية، مع تضمين نصيب المتوفى الذي كان المفترض أن يحصل عليه لو كان حياً، ويشترط أن لا تتجاوز الوصية بالتنزيل ثلث التركة وفقاً لشروط معينة أخرى؛ وذلك لضمان عدم الإضرار ببقية الورثة الشرعيين، حيث يحجبها الأعمام والعمات الذين لا تربطهم صلة مباشرة بالمورث بعد وفاته؛ لذلك، تعد هذه الوصية من المسائل القانونية الدقيقة التي تكتسب أهمية بالغة. وفي المقابل، تناولت بعض التشريعات العربية مفهوم الوصية الواجبة، كما تم مناقشته في الدراسة بأسلوب الفقه المقارن، ويعد التشريع المصري من أوائل التشريعات العربية التي استحدثت مفهوم "الوصية الواجبة"، التي تهدف إلى حماية الأبناء في حال تقاعس المورث عن توزيع الميراث بشكل عادل، وبالتالي تضمن هذه الوصية للأبناء نصيباً شرعياً في التركة. لقد تناولت الدراسة الموضوع من الجوانب القانونية والفقهية؛ من خلال تقديم شرح مفصل للمفهوم، وكذلك استعراض الشروط الواجب توفرها في الموصي والموصى له، بالإضافة إلى الموصى به، كما تم توضيح خصائص الوصية بالتنزيل، مع بيان أوجه التشابه بينها وبين الميراث والوصية العادية، والتطرق إلى المستندات الفقهية التي تستند إليها كل من الوصية الواجبة والوصية الاختيارية، وعلاوة على ذلك، ناقش البحث مسألة تزاحم الوصايا وبين الآثار القانونية والاجتماعية المترتبة على الوصية بالتنزيل، وفي ختام الدراسة، توصلت الباحثة إلى مجموعة من النتائج والتوصيات، التي ترى من خلالها أنها قد تسهم في التحسين والتطوير لتحقيق الفائدة للتشريعات القانونية ذات الصلة.The bequest by substitution (waṣiyyah bi al-tanzīl) constitutes an exception to
the general rules of inheritance in Islamic jurisprudence. This is in accordance with the
Qatari Constitution, which affirms that the right to inheritance is safeguarded and
governed by Islamic law. The bequest by substitution is defined as a discretionary legal
mechanism aimed at enabling grandchildren—whose father or mother passed away
during the lifetime of the deceased testator—to be placed in the position of their
deceased parent. As a result, these grandchildren become entitled to the share that their
deceased parent would have inherited had they been alive. Consequently, the estate is
distributed among the heirs according to their prescribed shares, while incorporating
the portion that would have belonged to the deceased parent. However, this type of
bequest must not exceed one-third of the estate and must meet specific conditions to
ensure that the rights of other legitimate heirs are not infringed upon. Furthermore, the
bequest by substitution is overridden in cases where paternal or maternal uncles and
aunts, who have no direct lineage to the deceased, are present as heirs. Therefore, this
form of bequest is considered a highly intricate legal matter of significant importance.
Conversely, some Arab legal systems have addressed a related concept known as
the obligatory bequest (waṣiyyah wājibah), which is examined in this study through a
comparative jurisprudential approach. Egyptian legislation was among the first in the
Arab world to introduce the concept of the obligatory bequest, which seeks to protect children in cases where the testator fails to distribute the inheritance fairly. Through
this mechanism, children are granted a legally prescribed share in the estate.
This study explores the topic from both legal and jurisprudential perspectives by
providing a detailed explanation of the concept and outlining the conditions that must
be met by the testator, the beneficiary, and the subject of the bequest. Additionally, the
study clarifies the characteristics of the bequest by substitution, highlighting its
similarities with both inheritance and ordinary bequests. It also examines the
jurisprudential sources underlying both the obligatory and discretionary bequests.
Moreover, the research delves into the issue of competing bequests and analyzes the
legal and social implications of the bequest by substitution.
In conclusion, the study presents a set of findings and recommendations that the
researcher believes may contribute to the enhancement and development of relevant
legal frameworks, ultimately ensuring greater benefit for legislative systems dealing
with inheritance matters
Association Between Vitamin D Receptor BsmI Polymorphism and Low Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women in the MENA Region
No full textBackground/Objectives: Low bone mineral density increases the risk of bone fractures, and this condition is especially common in postmenopausal women. Genetic factors significantly influence bone mineral density. This meta-analysis examined the relationship between vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms (BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI) and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Methods: The PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to March 2024 for case–control studies on VDR BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI polymorphisms and their relationship with low bone density. Associations with low bone mineral density were tested with respect to different genetic models (dominant, recessive, allelic) using RevMan v5.3. Results: The meta-analysis included seven studies for BsmI, six for ApaI, and seven for TaqI, representing 704/689 cases/controls for BsmI, 914/711 for ApaI, and 974/895 for TaqI. No significant association was found between VDR polymorphisms and low bone mineral density in postmenopausal women, except in the dominant model (CC + CG vs. GG) for the BsmI variant (OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.01–1.59, p = 0.04). Conclusions: We found a modest association between the BsmI polymorphism and increased risk of low bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women from the MENA region, suggesting its potential as a biomarker. No associations were observed for ApaI or TaqI. These findings highlight the complex genetic–environmental interactions influencing BMD.The APC was funded by Qatar University, internal grant no. QUCG-CHS-25/26-716