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Corrigendum to “Glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists alleviate adenine-induced nephrotoxicity in rats: interaction with the renin-angiotensin system and role of NLRP-3 inflammasome, nephrin and KIM-1” [Biochem. Pharmacol. 242(P4) (2025) 117431]
No full textThe authors regret to have mistakenly added the following sentence “Open access funding provided by Qatar National Library”.
The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused
Zirconium oxide nanoparticles in advancing photodynamic therapy for cancer treatment
No full textThis review delves into the intricacies of Photodynamic Therapy (PDT), focusing on mechanisms such as the accumulation of selective photosensitizers and the generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Research is investigating the use of zirconium oxide nanoparticles (ZrO2 NPs) and their combination with upconversion nanoparticles. The functionalization of ZrO2 NPs is stressed for targeted drug administration and enhanced therapeutic effects. Addressing PDT challenges, ZrO2 NPs exhibit potential to enhance treatment accuracy, minimize side effects, and improve overall success. Supported by preclinical and clinical research, zirconium-based PDT emerges as a transformative cancer therapy technique. Integrating ZrO2 NPs into PDT represents a groundbreaking approach, allowing selective cancer cell targeting and promising improved treatment outcomes and synergies with other modalities. With demonstrated safety and efficacy, ZrO2 PDT constitutes a vital component in advancing cancer patient outcomes globally
MEDIA FAÇADES AND URBAN BRANDING: INVESTIGATING THE IMPACT OF LIGHT DISPLAYS IN WEST BAY, QATAR.
No full textCities worldwide increasingly integrate media façades into urban landscapes,
reshaping how people perceive, navigate, and emotionally connect with the built
environment. In the Gulf region, where illuminated architecture serves as both spectacle
and statement, media façades contribute to nation branding, cultural storytelling, and
civic identity. In Doha’s West Bay, they function not only as visual landmarks, but as
communicative agents embedded in nighttime public life. This study examines how
media façades influence perception and symbolic representation in Qatar’s capital and
how residents and visitors interpret their experiential impact. Using a mixed-methods
approach that combines field observations, interviews, surveys, and case study analysis,
the findings reveal that illuminated façades enhance vibrancy and foster shared
narratives; however, concerns persist regarding authenticity, visual dominance, energy
consumption, and limited pedestrian engagement. The study outlines culturally
grounded design considerations that encourage more place-responsive and peoplecentered
media façade practices, moving beyond spectacle toward meaningful urban
communication
The Bank’s Authority to Stop the Encashment of a Bank Guarantee under Qatari Law: A Comparative Study
No full textتتناول هذه الدراسة موضوع سلطة البنك في وقف تسييل خطاب الضمان المصرفي في إطار دراسة قانونية تحليلية. إذ يقوم خطاب الضمان، في جوهره على مبدأ استقلاله عن العلاقة القائمة بين العميل والبنك في عقد فتح الاعتماد، وعن العلاقة بين العميل والمستفيد في عقد الأساس. ويقصد بهذا الاستقلال أن يلتزم البنك بدفع قيمة خطاب الضمان إلى المستفيد بمجرد المطالبة بهاء دون أن يكون لأي نزاع قائم بين العميل والبنك أو بين العميل والمستفيد أثر في هذا الالتزام. وتتناول هذه الدراسة بالتحليل الحالات التي يجوز فيها للبنك الامتناع عن تسبيل خطاب الضمان رغم مطالبة المستفيد به، وذلك في حالات استثنائية من أبرزها: ثبوت الغش أو التعسف من جانب المستفيد، أو مخالفة الشروط الواردة في خطاب الضمان أو صدور المطالبة في سياق يشوبه جرائم غسل الأموال أو تمويل الإرهاب. وتهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحليل طبيعة التزام البنك تجاه المستفيد، وبيان مدى مشروعية امتناعه عن الوفاء بقيمة خطاب الضمان في ظل الحالات الاستثنائية السابقة. وسيتم ذلك من خلال دراسة خطاب الضمان والموقف القضائي القطري من ذلك، ومقارنته بما استقر عليه القضاء في بعض الدول العربية ذات التشريعات المتقاربة.This study examines the issue of the bank’s authority to suspend payment under a letter of credit within the framework of a legal and analytical study. A letter of credit is, in essence, founded on the principle of independence: it is separate from the relationship between the client and the bank in the credit-opening agreement, as well as from the relationship between the client and the beneficiary in the underlying contract. This principle of independence means that the bank is obligated to honor payment to the beneficiary upon demand, without being affected by any disputes between the client and the bank or between the client and the beneficiary. The study analyzes the circumstances under which a bank may lawfully refuse to honor the beneficiary’s demand for payment under a letter of credit. These exceptional circumstances include, most notably: proof of fraud or abuse by the beneficiary; violation of the conditions stipulated in the letter of credit; or when the demand arises in the context of crimes such as money laundering or terrorist financing. The study aims to analyze the nature of the bank’s obligation towards the beneficiary and to determine the legitimacy of the bank’s refusal to honor payment under exceptional circumstances. This is carried out through an examination of the Qatari judicial position, compared with judicial approaches in other Arab countries with similar legal systems. The study concludes that the independence of the letter of credit is a fundamental principle that must be preserved in order to ensure confidence in banking and trade transactions. However, this principle is not absolute; the bank may invoke certain exceptions that justify suspending payment to the beneficiary
Divine Choice in the Scriptural Religions: A Comparative Study
No full textتتناول هذه الدراسة مفهوم الاختيار في الأديان الكتابية من منظور عقدي مقارن، فقد شاع في الدراسات الدينية والفكرية البحث في مفهوم الاختيار الإلهي، واختلفت معانيه ودلالاته تبعاً لتصور كل دين لطبيعة العلاقة بين الإله والإنسان، وبين الإنسان والآخر، ولأن دراسة مفهوم الاختيار ضمن منظور مقارن يسهم في ترسيخ ما حقه الإسلام من توازن يشرع الروح الحائرة، ويقودها للفهم المحقق للعبودية والهداية المختارة. وتهدف الدراسة إلى تأصيل معنى الاختيار في الأديان الكتابية، من خلال دراسة نقدية مقارنة؛ تكشف عن الأسس العقدية التي بني عليها في تصوراتها حول الاستعلاء القومي والخلاص والعهد، ومقارنته بالمفهوم الإسلامي القائم على التوحيد والتكليف والوسطية، انطلاقاً من قوله تعالى: ﴿وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَاكَ إِلَّا رَحْمَةً لِّلْعَالَمِينَ﴾ (الأنبياء: 107)، وقد اخترتُ لهذا الموضوع منهجاً أساسه الوصف والتحليل والمقارنة، مع الاستئناس بالمعطيات التاريخية واللغوية الضرورية لفهم النصوص والعقائد وسياقاتها. وتضمنت الدراسة ثلاثة فصول: الأول: الاختيار في الفكر الديني اليهودي، مبيناً جذوره في نصوص الكتاب العبري المقدس. الثاني: الاختيار في الفكر الديني المسيحي، مبيناً اعتماده على معتقد الخلاص بالمسيح والكنيسة. والثالث: الاختيار في الإسلام، موضحاً شموليته للإنسانية، وقائماً على التوحيد والتكليف بعمارة الأرض. وخلص البحث إلى أنَّ الاختيار في الإسلام يتسم بالشمول والتوازن؛ إذ لا يقوم على امتياز عرقي، ولا تدرج كهنوتي، وإنما يقوم على مبدأ الإيمان والتقوى والمسؤولية في أداء التكليف الإلهي، فخيرية الأمة مشروطة باتباعها المنهج الرباني. وبينت الدراسة أنَّ الاختيار في الإسلام مفتوح لمن تحقق بشروطه، ليعلن رسالة إنسانية عالمية تتجاوز حدود العرق والطائفة. وأوصي بالبحث في مقاصد الاختيار في الفكر الإسلامي، وأثره في بناء الشخصية المسلمة المعاصرة، وكذلك أوصي بدراسة نقدية لاهوتية في الاختيار المسيحي، وبيان أثره في الفكر الديني الغربي وعلاقته بالكنيسة والمجتمع.This study examines the concept of divine choice in the scriptural religions from a comparative theological perspective. The notion of divine selection has been a recurring theme in religious and intellectual studies, with its meanings and implications varying according to each religion’s perception of the relationship between God and humankind, and between humans and others. The research aims to clarify and refine the meaning of divine choice within the scriptural religions through a critical and comparative analysis— highlighting the diverse theories surrounding it, ranging from nationalistic superiority to salvation and deliverance—contrasted with the Islamic concept, which unites monotheism, moral responsibility, and moderation. This is grounded in the Qur’anic verse: “And We have not sent you except as a mercy to the worlds.” (AlAnbiya:107). The study adopts a methodology based on description, analysis, and comparison, supported by essential historical and linguistic insights necessary for understanding religious texts, doctrines, and their contexts. The research is divided into three chapters: 1. Divine Choice in Jewish Thought, examining its roots in the Hebrew Bible; 2. Divine Choice in Christian Thought, analyzing its foundation in the belief of salvation through Christ and the Church as mediator; 3. Divine Choice in Islam, demonstrating its universal and inclusive nature as a moral and theological responsibility grounded in faith, worship, and the stewardship of the earth. The study concludes that divine choice in Islam is characterized by universality and balance: it is not based on ethnic privilege or clerical hierarchy but on faith, piety, and responsibility in fulfilling divine duty. Thus, the virtue of the Muslim community is conditional upon adherence to the divine path. The research further shows that divine choice in Islam remains an open door for all who fulfill its conditions, transforming it into a universal and humanitarian message transcending racial and sectarian boundaries. The study recommends further research on the objectives of divine choice in Islamic thought and its impact on shaping the contemporary Muslim personality. It also calls for a critical theological study on the Christian concept of divine choice to clarify its influence on Western religious thought and its relationship with the Church and society
The Ethical–Political Dilemma in Political Conduct: A Jurisprudential Evaluative Study
No full textتتناول هذه الرسالة بالدراسة والتحليل إشكالية التعارض التي قد تنشأ أحيانًا بين الفعل السياسي والمبدأ الشرعي الأخلاقي، في ضوء النظرية الشرعية الإسلامية ضمن فقه الدولة والجماعة والفرد. وتهدف إلى تأصيل القواعد والقيم الشرعية التي تضبط الممارسة السياسية عند وقوع هذا التعارض من خلال بناء إطار نظري يستند إلى نصوص القرآن الكريم والسنة النبوية وكتب التراث الإسلامي ثم تطبيق هذا الإطار على تصرفات دول، وجماعات، وأفراد واجهت حالات واقعية من هذا النوع. اعتمدت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي لرصد المواقف والآراء الفقهية، والمنهج التحليلي لتفكيك الممارسات السياسية ومقارنتها بالقيم الأخلاقية الشرعية، إلى جانب استحضار المنهج التاريخي عند الاستشهاد بوقائع من التاريخ أو السيرة النبوية. وتوصلت إلى أن النظرية السياسية الأخلاقية في الإسلام تقوم على أسس التوحيد والعدل والمصلحة الشرعية، وأن القيم والقواعد المستنبطة من نصوص الوحيين تعود في جوهرها إلى مبدأين كليين هما : ابتغاء وجه الله تعالى، وتقديم مصلحة الأمة على المصلحة الشخصية . كما خلصت إلى أن أي فعل سياسي يتجاوز حدود المبدأ الشرعي الأخلاقي يُعد خروجًا عن مقتضى الشريعة، إلا في حالات الضرورة بضوابطها وشروطها الشرعية. وأثبتت الدراسة أن المنهج الإسلامي في السياسة الشرعية يجمع بين المثال الأخلاقي والاعتبار الواقعي دون الإخلال بالثوابت، وأوصت بضرورة إحياء النموذج الأخلاقي السياسي في الفكر والممارسة من خلال ربط الفعل السياسي بمقاصد التوحيد، بوصفه السبيل الأقوم لتحقيق الإصلاح والعدالة في الأمة.This dissertation examines and analyzes the dilemma that may arise between political action and the moral-legal principle within the framework of Islamic jurisprudence concerning the state, Islamic organizations, and individuals. It seeks to establish the foundational Sharia-based principles and values that regulate political practice when such a conflict occurs. The study develops a theoretical framework derived from the Qur’an, the Sunnah, and classical Islamic sources, and then applies this framework to the actions of states, Islamic organizations, and individuals who have encountered real-life cases of this ethical-political tension. The research employs a descriptive method to trace juristic and intellectual positions, and an analytical method to examine and assess political behavior in light of Sharia-based moral values, along with a historical method to reference relevant precedents from the history and the Prophetic biography. The study concludes that Islamic political-ethical theory is founded upon the principles of Tawhid (monotheism), justice, and legitimate public interest (maslahah), and that the moral and legal values derived from divine revelation converge upon two overarching principles: seeking the pleasure of God and prioritizing the welfare of the Muslim community over personal interests. It further finds that any political action that transgresses the ethical limits set by Sharia constitutes a deviation, except in cases of genuine necessity bound by its legitimate conditions. The dissertation demonstrates that the Islamic approach to political practice harmonizes moral ideals with practical realities without compromising immutable principles, and it recommends reviving the ethical political model in both thought and practice by anchoring political conduct in the objectives of Tawhid, as the most effective path to achieving justice and reform within the Muslim ummah
Population Genetics of Whale Shark (Rhincodon typus) in Qatar.
No full textThe whale shark (Rhincodon typus), the largest extant fish, listed as endangered on the
IUCN Red list, forms one of its most significant feeding aggregations around the Al Shaheen
oil field in Qatar. Despite its ecological importance, limited information exists on the genetic
diversity and population structure of these aggregations in Qatar. This study used mitochondrial
DNA (mtDNA) markers to assess the genetic diversity, population structure, and connectivity
of whale sharks in Qatari waters with global populations. A total of 108 tissue samples were
collected during the aggregation seasons of 2023–2024, which yielding 88 high-quality
sequences. The net sequence length obtained for the consensus sequences was 1,303 bp after
cleaning, trimming, and alignment. Analysis revealed high haplotype diversity (Hd = 0.977)
and nucleotide diversity (π = 0.288), with 68 distinct haplotypes, higher than previously
reported in the region. Phylogenetic analyses revealed five unique lineages, with strong genetic
connectivity across several geographic regions worldwide. Also, one unique lineage, though
not drastically different from other clades, was found which was not represented in the global
database. This genetic divergence may result from mutations, varying environmental pressures,
or distinct evolutionary histories. Alternatively, this clad could arise from the fact that the
incomplete global database of whale shark sequences, with poor representation from certain
regions. Overall, our findings support the hypothesis of a broadly connected Indo-Pacific
population and emphasize Qatar’s role as a key genetic reservoir. Continued genetic monitoring
using broader regions is recommended to support conservation of this endangered species. The
study also highlights the significance of Qatar’s habitats and conservation initiatives in
supporting the long-term survival of the whale shark’s global populations, as aggregations in
Qatar represent a large population converging from diverse geographic regions and genetic
lineages
Role of Macrophages in Cardiac Remodeling: Cues From Zebrafish Heart.
No full textMacrophages are a key component of innate immunity and regulate cardiac phenotypes by their polarization state. The classical M1 macrophages are activated by pro-inflammatory stimuli, whereas M2 macrophages are activated by anti-inflammatory stimuli. The balance between M1 and M2 polarization is important and tightly controlled to maintain tissue homeostasis. This review aims to explain the diversity of the ability to regenerate among humans and zebrafish, the role of the immune system in heart regeneration, and macrophage function in normal conditions and disease. It also investigates age-related effects on macrophage function and therapeutic strategies to manipulate macrophage polarization in the treatment of heart injury. Systematic review of the literature was conducted focusing on macrophage polarization, cardiac regeneration mechanisms, and immunomodulatory therapy. Macrophage polarization imbalances of M1-M2 are involved in inflammatory and cardiac disease. Mechanisms of macrophage function under various states and in various species are useful for insightful comprehension of novel therapy strategies. Macrophage polarization modulation is a future potential strategy for cardiac repair and the treatment of cardiac disease. Targeting macrophage polarization to restore balance and homeostasis is a promising strategy for supporting cardiac regeneration and the treatment of inflammatory cardiac disease.The images are prepared with biorender.com. Open Access funding is provided by the Qatar National Library. Publication of the article is covered by Qatar National Library. This works is also supported by QUPD-BRC-23/24-517 to H.G. Qatar University Open Access publishing facilitated by the Qatar National Library, as part of the Wiley Qatar National Library agreement
Exnovation: A Concept Analysis.
No full textTo conduct an in-depth concept analysis of exnovation, exploring its significance, conceptual mechanisms and impacts in administration, business and healthcare, particularly emphasising its relevance to nursing. Exnovation is applicable in diverse fields, including information technology, manufacturing, business, education and cultural contexts; however, its utilisation in nursing and healthcare is limited and not widely adopted. The literature for this concept analysis was retrieved from two databases, PubMed and Scopus. A systematic search approach was employed across studies from business, administration and health care, specifically without restriction based on the year of publication. The article utilised Walker and Avant's 8-step approach to concept analysis, which entailed identifying the applications of the concept in various settings, its fundamental conceptual characteristics and developing model, borderline, related and contradictory instances. Additionally, the antecedents, consequences and empirical references of exnovation in nursing were established. The analysis revealed both onomasiological approaches to elucidate the evolution of innovation terminology and a semasiological approach to explain the concept across various contexts. Moreover, it identified antecedents to innovation in nursing, such as technological advancements and the adoption of evidence-based practices (EBPs), while also delineating consequences primarily focused on enhancing quality patient care and job satisfaction. As exnovation emerges as a novel concept in nursing and medical practice, further research is warranted to tackle the recognised limitations and formulate practical guidelines for effectively integrating exnovation within nursing and healthcare settings
CHALLENGES OF ISLAMIC LEGISLATION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE MODERN STATE: A COMPARATIVE JURISPRUDENTIAL AND LEGAL STUDY
No full textتناولت الرسالة إشكاليات التشريع الإسلامي في ظل الدولة الحديثة دراسة فقهية قانونية مقارنة، استعرضت فيها المسار التاريخي لتطور الدولة حتى انتهت إلى نظام الدولة الحديثة، ثم رصدت الإشكاليات البنيوية والفكرية في الدولة الحديثة مثل السيادة والمواطنة ومدنية الدولة ثم التوجه العلماني الذي صاحب الدولة الحديثة في نشأتها وأثر ذلك على التشريع الإسلامي، ثم رصدت الدراسة الإشكاليات التطبيقية المتعلقة بالعقوبات المقدرة، وحرية المعتقد، وتولي المرأة وغير المسلم رئاسة الدولة الإسلامية، وفي كل ذلك تقدم الدراسة معالجات شرعية وقانونية المفاهيم الدولة الحديثة وما ينتج عنها من إشكاليات.The dissertation examines the challenges of Islamic legislation within the modern state through a comparative jurisprudential and legal lens. It traces the historical evolution leading to the modern state, analyzing structural and intellectual dilemmas such as sovereignty, citizenship, civil governance, and the rise of secularism and its impact on Islamic law. It also explores practical issues concerning prescribed punishments, freedom of belief, and the eligibility of women and non-Muslims to head an Islamic state. The study proposes Sharia-based and legal approaches to modern state concepts and their implications