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نبض الصحة: اليوم العالمي للسكري 2025
No full textاليوم العالمي للسكري 2025، واحد من كل خمسة تتأثر حياتهم بالسكري
Physical Activity as a Mediator between Sleep, Mental Health, and Well-Being in Active Individuals
No full textThe relationship between physical activity, sleep quality, and mental health is multifaceted and vital for maintaining overall well-being. Regular physical activity plays a crucial role in enhancing psychological health, improving sleep, and increasing life satisfaction. Exercise has been consistently linked to reduced symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress while regulating sleep patterns. These effects occur through complex neurophysiological mechanisms involving neurotransmitter regulation, hormonal balance, and cognitive improvements. This chapter explores the mediating role of physical activity in the relationship between sleep and mental health, emphasizing its importance in promoting better well-being. The chapter highlights evidence from various studies demonstrating that physical activity can improve sleep quality, reduce mental health symptoms, and prevent the onset of psychological disorders. Special attention is given to specific populations such as athletes, students, and older adults, considering their unique needs and benefits from physical activity. It concludes with practical strategies for incorporating exercise into daily routines to break the cycle of poor sleep and mental health, offering a cost-effective, non-pharmacological intervention that supports both mental and physical health.This work was supported by Qatar University under Collaborative Grants QUCG-CED-21-22-1 and QUCG-CED- 24/25-495
Advances in polycythemia vera treatment with targeted therapies and clinical trials
No full textPolycythemia vera (PV) is a chronic myeloproliferative disorder characterized by excessive red blood cell production, leading to a heightened risk of thrombosis, hemorrhage, and progression to myelofibrosis. While traditional therapies such as phlebotomy and hydroxyurea have been used for disease management, they do not address the underlying pathophysiology or alleviate common symptoms like fatigue and pruritus. Recent advances in targeted therapies offer promising new options for PV treatment. This review explores novel therapeutic approaches currently under investigation, including hepcidin agonists, MDM2 inhibitors, histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, and LSD1 inhibitors. These therapies aim to correct hematopoietic dysregulation, reduce symptom burden, and improve long-term outcomes for PV patients. While clinical trials show encouraging results, further studies are needed to fully evaluate their safety, efficacy, and potential for broad clinical use. Ultimately, these emerging treatments could reshape the landscape of PV management by offering more personalized, effective options for patients.The authors acknowledge that Qatar National Library (QNL) funds the publication of this manuscript.Scopu
AI-driven cybersecurity framework for software development based on the ANN-ISM paradigm
No full textWith the increasing reliance on software applications, cybersecurity threats have become a critical concern for developers and organizations. The answer to this vulnerability is AI systems, which help us adapt a little better, as traditional measures in security have failed to respond to the upcoming threats. This paper presents an innovative cybersecurity framework using AI, by the Artificial Neural Network (ANN)-Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) model, to improve threat detection, vulnerability assessment, and risk response during software development. This framework helps realize dynamic, intelligent security as a part of the Software Development life cycle (SDLC). Initially, existing cybersecurity risks in software coding are systematically evaluated to identify potential gaps and integrate best practices into the proposed model. In the second phase, an empirical survey was conducted to identify and validate the findings of the systematic literature review (SLR). In the third phase, a hybrid approach is employed, integrating ANN for real-time threat detection and risk assessment. It utilizes ISM to analyze the relationships between cybersecurity risks and vulnerabilities, creating a structured framework for understanding interdependencies. A case study was conducted in the last stage to test and evaluate the AI-driven cybersecurity Mitigation Model for Secure Software Coding. A multi-level categorization system is also used to assess maturity across five key levels: Ad hoc, Planned, Standardized, Metrics-Driven, and Continuous Improvements. This study identifies 15 cybersecurity risks and vulnerabilities in software coding, along with 158 AI-driven best practices for mitigating these risks. It also identifies critical areas of insecure coding practices and develops a scalable model to address cybersecurity risks across different maturity levels. The results show that AI outperforms traditional systems in detecting security weaknesses and simultaneously fixing problems. During Levels 1-3 of the system improvement process, advanced security methods are used to protect against threats. Our analysis reveals that organizations at Levels 4 and 5 still need to entirely shift to using AI-based protection tools and techniques. The proposed system provides developers and managers with valuable insights, enabling them to select security enhancements tailored to their organization's development stages. It supports automated threat analysis, helping organizations stay vigilant against potential cybersecurity threats. The study introduces a novel ANN-ISM framework integrating AI tools with cybersecurity modeling formalisms. By merging AI systems with secure software coding principles, this research enhances the connection between AI-generated insights and real-world cybersecurity usage.Open Access funding provided by the Qatar National Library.Scopu
Evaluating the Role of Point-of-Care Ultrasound in Central Venous Pressure Monitoring for Critically Ill Patients. A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
No full textCentral venous pressure (CVP) is a critical parameter for assessing volume status in critically ill patients, traditionally measured through invasive central venous catheterization. While effective, this method poses risks such as infection and procedural complications. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) has emerged as a promising, non-invasive alternative, yet its accuracy in estimating CVP remains debated.From inception to December 2024, PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were extensively searched. The search strategy used to identify relevant studies from these databases involved combining keywords such as “Point-of-care ultrasound,” “central venous pressure,” and “critically ill” with Boolean expression “AND” and “OR.” Two independent reviewers then screened all potential studies and included those reporting the accuracy of POCUS in predicting CVP and those reporting the correlation between POCUS-measured indices and invasively-measured CVP in critically ill patients. Additionally, two independent reviewers extracted the relevant data from the included studies. Statistical analyses were conducted using MedCalc and Meta-Disc software, and quality appraisal was assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool.The review included studies evaluating POCUS-derived indices from the inferior vena cava (IVC) and internal jugular vein (IJV). Overall, strong correlations were observed between POCUS measurements and CVP, with IVC parameters showing the strongest associations. IJV measurements also demonstrated moderate reliability, particularly in scenarios where IVC assessments were impractical. Sensitivity and specificity analyses indicated that POCUS-derived indices could predict CVP with variable accuracy.These findings support the use of POCUS as a practical, non-invasive tool for estimating CVP in critically ill patients. IVC measurements appear to provide the most reliable correlations, while IJV assessments serve as a useful alternative. Despite its potential, variability in study methodologies and patient factors highlights the need for further research to refine POCUS-based CVP estimation and improve clinical application
Hārūt and Mārūt in Books of Tafsir– A Comparative Study
No full textأهداف البحث: الوقوف على الراجح في حقيقة هاروت وماروت، وبيان أثر مثل هذا البحث في الجوانب المعرفية والإيمانية.
منهج البحث: المنهج الاستقرائي، والمنهج المقارن، والمنهج النقدي، والمنهج التاريخي، وذلك بتتبع أقوال المفسرين في حقيقة هاروت وماروت، وفحص أدلتهم، ومناقشتها، ثم اختيار الراجح منها.
أبرز النتائج: توصل البحث إلى أن كون هاروت وماروت مَلَكَيْن هو القول الراجح؛ لاعتبارات متعددة، منها؛ كثرة المرجِّحين له من المفسرين المتقدمين والمتأخرين، وقوة أدلتهم، وعدم قطعية الاعتراضات الواردة عليه، وعدم وجود أدلّة صالحة لترجيح أيّ قول من الأقوال الأخرى، وأن الزعم بأن قصة هاروت وماروت مأخوذةٌ من التلمود تكذِّبه الآثار الصحيحة، والدراسات الحديثة، وأن تعيين الراجح في هاروت وماروت يُسهم في الرد على فرية اتِّكاء القرآن على الكتب السابقة وأخذه منها، وأخيرًا تأكيد أن القرآن الكريم لا يمكن أن يكون كلام بشر، وأنه لا يأتيه الباطل من بين يديه ولا من خلفه تنزيل من حكيم حميد.
أصالة البحث: تتجلَّى في رَصْدِ اعتراضاتٍ حديثةٍ على القول بأن هاروت وماروت ملَكان، وفي الأثرين المعرفي والإيماني لنتائج هذا البحث؛ حيث ترُدُّ التفاصيلُ الدقيقةُ التي ذكرها القرآن الكريم الزعمَ بأنه مأخوذٌ من كُتب أهل الكتاب، وتؤكد على ربَّانية مصدره.Objectives: This study aims to determine the preponderant view regarding the truth about Harut and Marut and examine its implications on the epistemological and theistic aspects.
Methodology: The research employs an inductive, comparative, critical, and historical approach by analyzing exegetical discussions on Harut and Marut. It traces the views of exegetes, reconstructs and assesses their proofs and their counter argents, and finally determines the most substantiated views.
Findings: This study concludes that the preponderant view is that Harut and Marut are angels, based on various considerations. These include the consensus of both classical and contemporary scholars, the strength of the supporting evidence, and the absence of definitive objections to this view. Additionally, recent scholarship rebutted claims that the story of Harut and Marut was derived from the Talmud. Establishing the dominant interpretation of Harut and Marut also serves to counter allegations that the Qur’ān borrows from earlier scriptures, which reinforces its divine origins and negated claims of human authorship.
Originality: This research contributes novel insights by addressing recent objections to the classification of Harut and Marut as angels and exploring its epistemological and theistic implications. Furthermore, it demonstrates the ways the Qur’an’s precise details challenge Orientalist claims that it has been derived from earlier scriptures, and thus it reaffirms its divine authenticity.
Keywords: Tafsir; Harut and Marut; Angels; Demons; Magi
Diarrhea in Yemeni children under five: A multi-level analysis of population-based surveys, 1991–2022
No full textBackground Yemen, grappling with a protracted humanitarian crisis, armed conflict, forced displacements, and economic hardship, faces a burden of childhood diarrhea. This study aimed to assess diarrhea prevalence, trends, and underlying factors among children under five in this population. Methods Data were sourced from the population-based, nationally representative Yemen Demographic and Health Surveys (1991 and 2013) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (2006 and 2022). A three-level random-effects logistic regression model was used to identify risk factors, with clustering effects analyzed at both the neighborhood and household levels. Results The study included 6,451 children under five in 1991, 3,778 in 2006, 15,278 in 2013, and 19,501 in 2022. Diarrhea prevalence was 34.8% (95% CI: 32.6–37.1%) in 1991, 33.6% (95% CI: 31.6–35.6%) in 2006, 31.4% (95% CI: 30.1–32.7%) in 2013, and 37.4% (95% CI: 36.2–38.7%) in 2022. The adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for diarrhea were twice as high for children aged 12–23 months compared to those aged less than 12 months and decreased steadily with increasing age. Females had 15% lower odds of diarrhea than males. The aORs were higher for households in North Yemen, those without water on premises, or those with unimproved toilet facilities, but lower for households with more than five members and those in the highest wealth quintile. Between-cluster differences decreased between 1991 and 2006 but increased between 2013 and 2022. Disparities were much more pronounced between households than across neighborhoods. Conclusions Using a three-level modeling approach and analyzing trends over a three-decade period, this study revealed a persistent and worsening burden of childhood diarrhea in Yemen, with prevalence more than twice the global average. Urgent action is needed to improve water and sanitation infrastructure and implement targeted programs to reduce diarrhea prevalence
Medication therapy management in Pakistan: a cross-sectional evaluation of pharmacists’ knowledge, attitudes, practices, and barriers
No full textBackground: Medication therapy management (MTM) is a patient-centered clinical service designed to optimize therapy and enhance patients’ quality of life. The published research has shown that pharmacists’ MTM services improve health outcomes. Collaboration among pharmacists, patients, and other healthcare providers is essential to ensure the safe and effective use of medicines. Despite its benefits, countries like Pakistan still face challenges in raising awareness of and implementing MTM. This study aimed to assess the current knowledge, attitudes, and practices of community and hospital pharmacists regarding MTM and identify the barriers to their implementation. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted between May 2024 and August 2024 using a pre-validated self-administered questionnaire to collect data from hospital and community pharmacists. Convenience sampling was used to recruit 411 pharmacists. Data were analyzed using SPSS v27.0, employing descriptive and inferential statistics, including binary regression analysis and Spearman’s correlation. Results: Of the 411 study participants, 54.5% were female, and 44.5% were between the ages of 20 and 30. Regarding work experience, 35.3% had 6 to 10 years of professional experience, while 32.4% of the participants reported familiarity with MTM. A majority of participants (69.3%, n = 285) demonstrated good knowledge about MTM, while 51.1% (n = 210) exhibited a positive attitude, and 52.8% (n = 217) reported engaging in good MTM practices. Additionally, 54.3% (n = 223) of pharmacists reported encountering multiple barriers to the implementation of MTM services, including a lack of support or collaboration from physicians (74.2%), limited access to essential patient information such as laboratory results, charts, and patient history (73.5%), and a lack of authority to initiate, monitor, or adjust therapy based on patient needs (73.5%). Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that while pharmacists demonstrated adequate knowledge of MTM services, their attitudes and practices were found to be inadequate. This highlights an urgent need for targeted interventions, such as continuing pharmacy education, to further enhance their MTM-related knowledge, attitudes, and professional competencies. Furthermore, policymakers should recognize and expand the role of pharmacists in providing MTM services to ensure better therapeutic outcomes and improved patient care. Trial registration: Not applicable
Beyond the Game: A Case Study on Branding a Higher Education Institution Through a Mega Sport Event
No full textThis case study explores leveraging the Qatar 2022 FIFA World Cup to brand Qatar University (QU). QU's core identity is firmly rooted in the values and culture of the nation and its unwavering commitment to continuously strive for greater heights. The case outlines the key considerations involved in leveraging major sporting events to enhance the reputation and reinforce the positioning of higher education institutions. It assesses the potential benefits and drawbacks of such efforts that management needs to consider.Scopu
A Learning Algorithm Based on Similarity Identification and Knowledge Transfer for Dynamic Multi-Objective Optimization
No full textPrediction-based dynamic multi-objective optimization algorithms (DMOEAs) are widely used to explore the relationships of Pareto-optimal solutions (POSs) under continuous time steps, aiming to tackle dynamic multi-objective optimization problems (DMOPs). However, DMOPs with irregular POS shapes pose significant challenges to the quality of predicted solutions owing to the misaligned binding of solutions. To bridge this gap, this paper proposes a learning algorithm based on similarity identification and knowledge transfer, called SIKT-DMOEA, which comprises the following three steps. Firstly, a cluster centers-driven feedforward neural network (CCD-FNN) with global optimal binding assignment is constructed, aiming to learn the regional POS dynamics between adjacent environments. Secondly, a similarity identification technique archives valuable knowledge in historical environments and transfers it to the current environment for evolutionary acceleration. Finally, a population reconstruction strategy is presented for adaptive guidance according to the dominant property of each solution, which approximates the new POS with superior convergence and distribution. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate that SIKT-DMOEA manifests competitiveness when addressing DF test problems and one real-world application problem compared to state-of-the-art DMOEAs. SIKT-DMOEA has corroborated its capability of effectively reducing the loss of population convergence and diversity facing different patterns of environmental changes