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مقابلة الدكتور حسن الدرهم
No full textالدكتور حسن راشد الدرهم هو سادس رئيس لجامعة قطر، وقد تميزت فترة رئاسته بقيادة استراتيجية طموحة هدفت إلى تعزيز النشاط البحثي على المستويين الجامعي والوطني، مع تركيز خاص على مجالات التعليم، والبحث العلمي، والتنمية الاقتصادية.
حصل الدكتور الدرهم على درجة البكالوريوس في الهندسة المعمارية من جامعة ولاية نورث كارولاينا الزراعية والتقنية في الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية، ثم نال درجة الماجستير في الهندسة المدنية من جامعة جورجيا تك، قبل أن يحصل على درجة الدكتوراه في إدارة المشاريع الإنشائية من جامعة غلامورغان (حاليًا جامعة ساوث ويلز) في المملكة المتحدة.
قبل تولّيه رئاسة الجامعة، شغل الدكتور الدرهم منصب نائب رئيس الجامعة للبحث العلمي، حيث لعب دورًا بارزًا في رفع نسبة المنح البحثية ضمن برنامجي أولويات البحث الوطني (NPRP) وخبرة البحث الجامعي (UREP)، التابعين لصندوق قطر الوطني للبحث العلمي (QNRF). كما أشرف على تأسيس عدد من المراكز البحثية الرائدة، من بينها مركز معالجة الغاز، مركز قطر لدراسات السلامة المرورية، ومركز قطر للابتكارات في التنقل، وغيرها من المبادرات التي ساهمت في تعزيز مكانة جامعة قطر كمؤسسة بحثية رائدة في المنطقة
The promise of tirzepatide: A narrative review of metabolic benefits
No full textObesity and type 2 diabetes mellites (T2DM) are intertwined epidemics that continue to pose significant challenges to global public health. We aim to review the available evidence on the metabolic effects of tirzepatide, focusing on weight loss and maintenance of lost weight, body composition alterations, appetite regulation, glycemic control, and lipid profile modulation. Tirzepatide administration for 72 weeks elicited significant weight reduction ranging from 5 % to 20.9 % across different trials in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, limited evidence showed that lost body weight may be primarily due to fat mass reduction. Tirzepatide also significantly decreased food intake, reduced overall appetite scores and increased fasting visual analog scale scores for satiety and fullness across different clinical trials. Moreover, tirzepatide exhibited favorable effects on glycemic control, with notable reductions in HbA1c levels ranging from 20.4 mmol/mol with the 5 mg dose to 28.2 mmol/mol with the 15 mg dose, following treatment durations lasting 40–52 weeks. Additionally, tirzepatide exerts a beneficial impact on lipid profile parameters, including reductions in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, while increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. Despite its efficacy, tirzepatide is associated with gastrointestinal adverse effects, which requires dose escalation strategies to enhance tolerability. Mild to moderate adverse events are commonly reported at higher doses, with discontinuation rates ranging from 4 % to 10 % across different dosages. In conclusion, tirzepatide has shown multifaceted metabolic effects, along with manageable adverse profiles, which makes it a promising therapeutic agent for addressing both obesity and T2DM. However, further long-term randomized controlled trials are warranted to reveal long-term efficacy and safety outcomes, particularly in diverse patient populations.Open access funding provided by Qatar National Library
Integrative WATSU Teaching Strategies to Foster Adaptive Mastery of Coaches and Enhance Aquatic Skills in Children With Diverse Abilities
No full textPhysical activities are essential for their overall health and development, yet children with disabilities often face numerous barriers that hinder their participation. Aquatic therapeutic activities, particularly WATSU, present a viable option for supporting children with varying abilities
Clinical and radiographic outcome of a bioceramic sealer compared to a resin-based sealer: a retrospective study
No full textEffective sealing of root canal systems is paramount in achieving favorable and enduring prognosis of root canal treatments (RCTs). Root canal sealers play a pivotal role in sealing the canal system. To date, there is a scarcity of clinical research investigating the implications and long-term performance of bioceramic (BC) sealers. This study aims to compare the treatment outcome of resin-based (RB) and BC root canal sealers. Retrospective data comparing clinical outcomes of 248 endodontically treated teeth was performed utilizing dental records and radiographic assessments. Clinical outcome of the RCTs using both types of sealers were measured by percentages of success rates. Chi square statistical test was used to analyze data at 0.01 and level of significance via SPSS software. Success rate of RCTs was not influenced by patient’s age, gender, tooth type and number of visits. There were no significant differences in the success rate amongst treatment types, obturation techniques, quality of restoration and the sealer type. BC and RB sealers revealed comparable clinical and radiographic outcomes with high success rates. The choice between BC and RB sealers should be guided by case-specific factors, including tooth’s anatomical considerations, patient’s dental health status, obturation techniques and clinician’s skills.Open Access funding provided by the Qatar National Library
Hedgehog signalling pathway inhibitors in the treatment of basal cell carcinoma: an updated review
No full textBasal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common type of skin cancer that usually appears in sun-exposed body regions such as the head, trunk, and extremities. There are four main clinicopathological subtypes of BCC: nodular, superficial, morpheaform, and fibroepithelial. BCC's molecular basis includes inherited genetic susceptibility and somatic mutations, often induced by exposure to UV radiation. The aberrant activation of the hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathway, caused by mutations in the Hh components, plays a central role in the molecular pathogenesis of this carcinoma. This led to the development of Hh signalling pathway inhibitors as a new treatment option for patients with advanced disease. In this review, we summarise BCC's clinical presentation and histopathology and present knowledge on the most studied Hh signalling inhibitors, vismodegib and sonidegib, and other inhibitors of this signalling, such as itraconazole, patidegib, taladegib, and arsenic trioxide, in the treatment of BCC. We also present the most common Hh signalling inhibitor adverse events and their management options, which could improve patients' quality of life during treatment.Scopu
Association of serum magnesium and calcium with metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional study from the Qatar-biobank
No full textBackground and objectives: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its constituent comorbidities, along with mineral imbalances, pose a significant health burden in the Qatari population. Although Magnesium (Mg) and Calcium (Ca) have been individually linked to MetS, the impact of the calcium-to-magnesium ratio (Ca: Mg) on MetS remains unclear, especially in the adult population of Qatar. In this study, we aim to investigate the association between the total serum concentrations of Ca, Mg and Ca: Mg ratio with the outcome of MetS. Methods: This comprehensive cross-sectional study included data on 9693 participants collected by Qatar Biobank (QBB). The serum levels of Mg and Ca, in addition to recorded metabolic parameters for the study participants, were used in the analyses. The presence of MetS was deemed as our primary outcome and its components as secondary outcomes. Logistic regression models were run to examine these associations. Results and conclusion: MetS was present in more than 19% of the population. The mean serum Mg was higher in the non-MetS group 0.83 ± 0.06 mmol/L compared to the MetS group 0.81 ± 0.08 mmol/L. Conversely, the mean serum Ca and Ca: Mg ratio were higher in the MetS group (2.33 ± 0.09 mmol/L, 2.92 ± 0.36 mmol/L) compared to the non-MetS group (2.30 ± 0.08 mmol/L, 2.77 ± 0.23 mmol/L) respectively. In the context of MetS, we observed a negative dose-response relationship between Mg quartiles and MetS. In contrast, we found a positive association between Ca as well as Ca: Mg ratio and MetS
Hormonal predictors of the lean phenotype in humans.
No full textClinical obesity is characterized by excessive fat accumulation and an increased risk of numerous associated comorbidities. Adipose tissue secretes leptin and other adipokines, which play key roles in regulating energy balance, glucose homeostasis, and body fat mass. Recently, incretin and pancreatic hormones have also been shown to influence these processes. However, the regulatory mechanisms and interactions among these hormones are not yet fully understood. This study investigates hormonal predictors of the lean phenotype (in terms of total body fat) in patients undergoing body contouring surgery, with or without prior bariatric surgery. This prospective quasi-experimental study included patients who underwent body contouring procedures at Hamad General Hospital between January 2021 and December 2023. Patients were assessed at three time points: before surgery, 2-3 weeks post-surgery, and 6-10 weeks post-surgery. Body composition and hormone levels were measured, and statistical analyses-including descriptive statistics and logistic regression models-were used to examine trends and predict the lean phenotype. Among the hormones analyzed, amylin showed a significant association with the lean phenotype while increasing leptin, GIP and spexin levels negatively modulated the amylin effect. History of bariatric surgery weakly predicted the lean phenotype after adjusting for leptin and gut hormone levels. A margins plot demonstrated the interactions between amylin, spexin, GIP, and leptin levels that collectively predicted the probability of exhibiting the lean phenotype. These findings highlight amylin, GIP, leptin, and spexin as key hormonal predictors of fat mass, underscoring the critical role of gut hormones and adipokines in determining body fat distribution and the lean phenotype in humans.This work was supported by Program Grant#NPRP14S-0406-210153 from the Qatar National ResearchFund. The findings herein reflect the work and are solely theresponsibility of the author
Outcomes of intramedullary nailing versus plate fixation for humeral shaft fractures: a retrospective cohort study
No full textBACKGROUND: Humeral shaft fractures account for 1-3% of all bone fractures. Conservative treatment often leads to complications such as non-union and shoulder stiffness. Surgical fixation with a dynamic compression plate (DCP) has been the gold standard treatment. Intramedullary nailing (IMN) has recently gained popularity due to its minimally invasive approach and reduced risk of radial nerve injury. This study aims to compare the outcomes of IMN and plate fixation for humeral shaft fractures. METHODS: This retrospective study included patients with humeral shaft fractures treated with either IMN or DCP fixation at Hamad General Hospital between April 2015 and October 2018. Patient demographics, fracture characteristics, surgical outcomes, and complications were collected. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize patient information, and univariate analysis was conducted to compare both groups. A Cox proportional hazards model, adjusted for age, gender, and polytrauma status was applied to compare time to union between IMN and DCP groups. RESULTS: Sixty five patients (25 IMN, 40 plate fixation) were included. Non-union rates were higher in the DCP group than in the IMN group (13% vs. 4%). Reoperation rates were also higher in the DCP group (20% vs. 4%). Postoperative neuropathy rates were 4% for IMN and 10% for DCP, with neuropathy resolution significantly higher in the IMN group (92% vs. 68%). Shoulder range of motion (ROM) and pain favored the DCP group, with 98% unaffected ROM in the plate group compared to 76% in the IMN group (p = 0.007), and a lower incidence of shoulder pain (28% vs. 98%, p < 0.001). Time to union was comparable between both groups, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.08 (95% CI 0.62-1.90; p = 0.776). CONCLUSION: IMN and plate fixation effectively achieved fracture union; however, plate fixation was associated with better shoulder function, reduced pain, and higher reoperation rates. IMN was linked to a lower risk of nerve injury but compromised shoulder ROM and resulted in more postoperative pain
ENHANCING HEAT TRANSFER IN HEAT EXCHNAGERS BY UTILIZING METAL ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS (MOFS)
No full textNanofluids in heat transfer applications have received enormous attention for their ability to enhance a systems performance and efficiency. Many nanoparticles have been utilized in heat exchangers to determine their influence on a system, except for ZIF-8 and ZIF-67. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of nanoparticles that have porous 1D, 2D, or 3D structures created by coordinating rigid organic molecules with crystalline compounds composed of metal ions. A type of MOF that has good physical properties are zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) that has two types that are ZIF-8 and ZIF-67. In this study, ZIF-8 and ZIF-67 are examined in a plate and shell & tube heat exchanger setup to determine whether their performance is better than pure water. The study of ZIFs in heat transfer applications is limited and has never been done in these types of heat exchangers. The ZIFs are produced through a one-step method and stabilized utilizing tween-80 in a ratio of 1:1.06. In addition, the stability was investigated due to their hydrophobicity and it was observed that at high concentrations the nanofluid was more likely to agglomerate as observed in many analysis techniques such as zeta size, rheology, etc. ZIFs were also characterized to understand their properties and ensure that the particles were in accordance with literature. The nanofluids were optimized through Box-Behnken design and a concentration lower than 0.15 wt% had the best outcomes. Therefore, in the experimental analysis, ZIF-8 was observed to outperform ZIF-67 and water with its superior physical properties and stability. In addition, the enhancement of heat transfer was much more impressive in shell & tube heat exchangers in comparison to plate heat exchangers due to the Reynolds number attained
Relationship between physical activity during pregnancy and maternal health outcomes: evidence from the MAASTHI cohort study in Bengaluru, India
No full textBackground: Sedentary behavior is one of the major modifiable behavioral risk factors for non-communicable diseases. Physical activity (PA) is crucial during pregnancy but pregnant women may become sedentary, leading to adverse health outcomes. Our study aimed to explore the association between social support and PA levels during pregnancy and the relationship between sedentary behavior and adverse pregnancy health outcomes including delivery. Methods: The study used a validated physical activity questionnaire to assess the physical activity levels of pregnant women. We collected detailed sociodemographic information, pregnancy characteristics, assessed social support. We assessed presence of depressive symptoms and conducted oral glucose tolerance tests, hemoglobin and blood pressure assessments, anthropometric measurements, and collected delivery details. We used linear logistic regression to assess the association between a continuous measure of physical activity level and maternal outcomes and performed multivariable logistic regression analysis to understand the association between sedentary behavior and maternal health outcomes and mode of delivery after adjusting for potential confounders. Results: We interviewed 2,424 eligible pregnant women at baseline and 1,317 were considered in the final analysis after excluding those who missed follow-ups. We observed that one unit increase in physical activity level was associated with reduced prenatal depressive symptoms (β = −6.36, p < 0.001), fasting (β = 2.06, p = 0.04), and postprandial blood sugar levels (β = −0.99, p = 0.01), respectively. Pregnant women who had good social support tended to engage in higher levels of activity. In addition, women who engaged in sedentary behavior during pregnancy were 1.07 times more likely to be obese and 4.32 times more likely to have elective cesarean section (C-section) delivery than those who engaged in moderate activity. Conclusion: The study found that physical activity during pregnancy has several beneficial effects on maternal prenatal health outcomes, including a reduced risk of obesity and C-section delivery, lower blood glucose levels, and improved mental health. Therefore, it is essential to adhere to the recommended guidelines for physical activity during pregnancy. Healthcare providers and policymakers in India should consider promoting physical activity as part of comprehensive routine prenatal care.The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This work was supported by the Wellcome Trust DBT India Alliance Senior Fellowship (Grant No. IA/CPHS/20/1/505278) awarded to GB