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Cross-State Differences in the Processes Generating Black–White Disparities in Neonatal Mortality
Get PDFThe U.S. Black neonatal mortality rate is more than twice the White rate. This dramatic disparity can be decomposed into two components: (1) disparities due to differences in the distribution of birth weights, and (2) disparities due to differences in birth weight–specific mortality. I utilize this distinction to explore how the social context into which infants are born contributes to gaps in mortality between Black and White neonates. I analyze variation in Black–White differences in neonatal mortality across 33 states using 1995–2010 data. For each state, I calculate the contribution of differences in birth weight distribution versus differences in birth weight–specific mortal ity to the total disparity in mortality between White and Black neonates. Disparities are largely a product of different birth weight distributions between Black and White newborns (mirroring the pattern for the United States as a whole). However, in at least nine states, differences in birth weight–specific mortality make a notable contribution. This pattern is observed even among those from advantaged sociodemographic backgrounds and is driven by differences in mortality among very low birth weight neonates. This calls attention to inequality in medical care at birth as an important contributor to racial disparities in neonatal mortality
Vector Field Control Methods for Discretely Variable Passive Robotic Devices
Get PDFPassive transmission-based robotic devices are capable of providing motion guidance while ensuring user safety and engagement. To circumvent some of the drawbacks associated with steering continuously variable transmissions based on rolling contacts, we are exploring a class of discretely variable devices, based on brakes and hydrostatic transmissions. Previously available control methods for discretely variable devices were built on velocity fields and only developed to stabilize a 1D target manifold. For n -DOF devices, methods to stabilize target manifolds of dimension 1 to n—1 are of interest. In this paper we contribute constraint field methods that stabilize n — 1 dimensional target manifolds while leaving the orthogonal subspace free to the control of the operator. We also contribute force-modulated SDOF velocity fields, which add between 1 and n— 2 virtual DOFs to the motion of devices whose physical constraints leave one DOF. Control performance is demonstrated in simulation for 3-DOF devices capable of imposing 1-D or 2-D constraints and in experiment for 2-DOF devices imposing 1-D constraints. Our experimental apparatus features digital hydraulic transmissions that are easily configured for n-dimensional space and capable of imposing constraints of any dimension, thus motivating the contributed methods
Winect: 3D Human Pose Tracking for Free-form Activity Using Commodity WiFi
Get PDFWiFi human sensing has become increasingly attractive in enabling emerging human-computer interaction applications. The corresponding technique has gradually evolved from the classification of multiple activity types to more fine-grained tracking of 3D human poses. However, existing WiFi-based 3D human pose tracking is limited to a set of predefined activities. In this work, we present Winect, a 3D human pose tracking system for free-form activity using commodity WiFi devices. Our system tracks free-form activity by estimating a 3D skeleton pose that consists of a set of joints of the human body. In particular, we combine signal separation and joint movement modeling to achieve free-form activity tracking. Our system first identifies the moving limbs by leveraging the two-dimensional angle of arrival of the signals reflected off the human body and separates the entangled signals for each limb. Then, it tracks each limb and constructs a 3D skeleton of the body by modeling the inherent relationship between the movements of the limb and the corresponding joints. Our evaluation results show that Winect is environment-independent and achieves centimeter-level accuracy for free-form activity tracking under various challenging environments including the none-line-of-sight (NLoS) scenarios
A Framework and Resources to Create a Data Analytics-Infused Accounting Curriculum
No full textThe technology and data analytics developments affecting the accounting profession have a profound effect on accounting curricula. To meet the profession\u27s current expectations, accounting programs need a fully integrated accounting curriculum to develop students with strong data analytic and critical thinking skills that complement their accounting knowledge. We provide a framework and resources for creating a data analytics-infused accounting curriculum. Using the Diffusion of Innovation Theory, we apply the theory\u27s five stages to the infusion of data analytics throughout the accounting curriculum: knowledge, persuasion, decision, implementation, and confirmation. We present an analytics value cube to guide the integration of different analytic techniques. We recommend free tools, questions, and cases. While our focus is on accounting programs new to data analytics, these resources are also useful to accounting programs and practitioners that wish to expand their data analytic offerings
Leveraging Detrital Zircon Geochemistry to Study Deep Arc Processes: REE-Rich Magmas Mobilized by Jurassic Rifting of the Sierra Nevada Arc
Get PDFAnomalous trace element compositions of Middle to Late Jurassic detrital zircon separated from Sierra Nevada forearc and intra-arc strata reveal processes of differentiation occurring within the deep arc lithosphere. REE-Sc-Nb-Ti-Hf-U-Th covariations define three populations of atypically REE-rich grains that we interpret as crystallizing from (1) differentiates produced by olivine+clinopyroxene+plagioclase+garnet±ilmenite fractionation; (2) mixing between mafic arc magmas and partial melts of Proterozoic Mojave province crust; and (3) compositionally transient, low Gd/Yb magmas generated by hornblende resorption during decompression. We interpret a fourth population of Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous zircons having REE contents similar to “typical” arc zircon but with atypically high Gd/Yb ratios as having crystallized from partial melts of recycled arc crust and from deep-arc differentiates that evolved down-temperature through hornblende saturation. We hypothesize that latest Jurassic extension ripped open the arc, facilitating upward migration and eruption of geochemically anomalous zircon-bearing magmas. The anomalous compositions relative to “typical” arc zircon imply that these zircons and their host magmas rarely reach the upper arc crust, where eruption and/or erosion would release their zircon cargo to the clastic system. Focusing on the trace element compositions of zircons of syn-extensional age represents a productive new strategy for learning about deep magmatic reservoirs and early differentiation pathways within the thick lithosphere of continental margin arcs
A Thermodynamic Study of Capillary Electrochromatographic Retention of Aromatic Hydrocarbons on a Lauryl Acrylate Porous Polymer Monolithic Column with Measured Phase Ratio
No full textThe phase ratio of a chromatographic system is an important measurement that has long been estimated or calculated, but rarely directly measured. This study utilized a nanoflow liquid chromatography instrument to more accurately measure the phase ratio for a lauryl acrylate porous polymer monolith. Direct measurement of the phase ratio, and its dependence on temperature, allows for a better understanding of the thermodynamics of retention of small analytes. This study investigates the retention of an alkyl benzene series, toluene to octylbenzene, via capillary electrochromatography. The phase ratio was determined to be 0.202 at 303 K and 0.213 at 333 K. Using the directly measured phase ratio, entropic contributions to retention can also be obtained. Therefore, the Gibbs free energy calculations from these measurements and methods can give insight to modes of retention. The free energy of retention for toluene is –3.97 kJ/mol at 303 K and –3.78 kJ/mol at 333 K. The trends for enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy of transfer show that retention is enthalpically driven in this capillary electrochromatography (CEC) porous polymer monolith system
Solutions of the Variational Equation for an \u3cem\u3en\u3c/em\u3e-th Order Boundary Value Problem with an Integral Boundary Condition
No full textWe discuss differentiation of solutions to the boundary value problem
y(n) = ƒ (x, y, y′, y′′, …, y(n−1) ), α \u3c x \u3c b,
y(i) (xj) = yij, 0 ≤ i ≤ mj, 1 ≤ j ≤ k − 1,
y(i) (xk) + ∫ d c py(x) dx=yik, 0 ≤ i ≤ mk, ∑k i=1 mi = n,
with respect to the boundary data. We show that under certain conditions, partial derivatives of the solution y(x) of the boundary value problem with respect to the various boundary data exist and solve the associated variational equation along y(x)
Autour du Yiddish de Paris à Buenos Aires
No full textCet ouvrage se penche sur des oeuvres littéraires en yiddish produites en France et en Amérique latine avant, durant et après la Shoah et nous fait entendre des échos de cette langue juive chez des écrivains d\u27expression française et espagnole. Le lecteur rencontrera des oeuvres de fiction d\u27auteurs immigrés de Pologne à Paris, notamment Wolf Wieviorka et Oser Warszawski, des nouvelles de Mordechai Alpersohn chroniquant la vie des colonies agricoles juives d\u27Argentine ainsi que certains noms familiers : Guillaume Apollinaire, Jorge Luis Borges et Élie Wiesel, qui ont tous intégré des motifs yiddish dans leur imaginaire.
[This book examines literary works in Yiddish produced in France and Latin America before, during and after the Shoah and makes us hear echoes of this Jewish language among French and Spanish-speaking writers. The reader will encounter works of fiction by immigrant authors from Poland in Paris, including Wolf Wieviorka and Oser Warszawski, short stories by Mordechai Alpersohn chronicling the life of the Jewish agricultural settlements in Argentina as well as certain familiar names: Guillaume Apollinaire, Jorge Luis Borges and Élie Wiesel, who all incorporated Yiddish motifs into their imaginations.]https://digitalcommons.trinity.edu/mono/1170/thumbnail.jp