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The Rise Of Artificial Intelligence AndThe Importance Of Media Literacy: Decoding AI-Generated News
Full text linkWith the rapid rise of Artificial Intelligence, people around the world are growing concerned about the quality of the content they receive -- especially the information they read in the news. Artificial Intelligence, “the development of computer systems capable of performing tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as speech recognition, problem- solving, and pattern detection” (Climavision, 2024), are at the heart of these concerns. There are many forms of artificial intelligence. However, the study focuses explicitly on generative AI models, also referred to as Large Language Models (LLMs). A 2023 study surveying newsrooms nationwide reveals that Artificial Intelligence is used in 32% of content creation (Watson, 2024). As Artificial Intelligence becomes more and more prevalent in the journalistic sphere, it is imperative that people can correctly detect AI-generated text in order to better monitor the quality of the overall article. To test whether the average person can accurately and consistently distinguish between human and AI-generated news, this study asks participants to select from among articles authored by both humans and AI and identify their confidence level in this selection. The study also analyzes whether external factors such as education, socioeconomic status, and age impact their ability to distinguish between human and AI-authored news articles
Comer como o inimigo: violência, transformações e persistências na economia alimentar wari’ (Amazônia Ocidental)
No full textExaminam-se aspectos e percursos do sistema alimentar dos Wari’, povo indígena da Amazônia Ocidental, em um intervalo de duas décadas, mas também contemporaneamente. Trata-se de um cenário marcado por transformações, com dinâmicas que incluem a monetarização de sua economia alimentar e uma crescente articulação com o mercado regional, cujo pano de fundo é uma trajetória histórica de relações com não indígenas e com o Estado brasileiro, marcada por modalidades diversas de violência, que se atualizam permanentemente. Apontam-se os impactos dessas transformações no repertório alimentar wari’, nos modos de uso da terra e de outros recursos e na reciprocidade alimentar, entre outras dimensões de seu cotidiano. O intenso fluxo de transformações dialoga com um sistema alimentar fundamentado na noção de humanidade, que define aquela que é a “comida de verdade”, a ser produzida, partilhada, preparada e comida da forma apropriada àqueles que são “gente de verdade”, iri’ wari’. Esse sistema alimentar tem, em seu caráter flexível e na possibilidade de apropriação de elementos externos, uma de suas dinâmicas fundamentais. Nele, seguem presentes conceitos, valores e práticas centrais a si, ainda que nem sempre realizados em plenitude
Do Sports Events Affect Public Education? Evidence from Omaha, Nebraska
Full text linkOmaha, Nebraska, hosted the United States Olympic Swimming Trials for the first time in 2008. This paper investigates the impact of this local stimulus on educational quality, as measured by expenditures per student and the pupil-teacher ratio. A two way fixed effects estimator, an event study regression, and a synthetic control estimator are used to demonstrate that hosting the Olympic Trials reduced educational quality in Omaha. Potential mechanisms and alternative explanations for this educational impact are discussed. This paper proves that a local economic stimulus, particularly a large-scale sporting event, does not enhance educational quality. More broadly, these results illuminate the potential unintended consequences of policy
A Deep Dive Into Integrals: From Riemann, Stieltjes, Lebesgue to Henstock–Kurzweil
Full text linkIntegration theory is broadly concerned with the existence of solutions to definite integrals over closed subintervals of the real line, and its power lies in the various techniques of integration, which enable integration of successively broader classes of functions. In this work, we establish a self–contained theory of integration in the sense of Riemann, Riemann–Stieltjes, Lebesgue, and Henstock–Kurzweil. Notably, our work utilizes the theory of Lebesgue integration developed by P. J. Daniell, which does not rely on measure theory and thus remains accessible at the undergraduate level. Our incentive for such an approach is to improve equitable access to advanced integration theory in undergraduate learning environments. This work remains grounded in the applications of integration theory, which span the disciplines of probability theory, complex analysis, quaternionic theory, and even quantum mechanics. Finally, we present the Vitali set indicator function and a novel proof that this function is not integrable in the sense of any of the integration techniques surveyed, thus crystallizing the limits of integration theory as it exists today.
The Ethics and Legality of Artificial Intelligence Artwork: A Vulnerability Theory Analysis
Full text linkFrom Stability to Turbulence: A Mechanical and Experimental Study of Taylor-Couette Flow.
No full textThe Taylor–Couette system, describing the flow of a viscous fluid between two coaxial, independently rotating cylinders, has long served as a method for studying hydrodynamic stability, fluid pattern formation, and the transition to turbulence. Despite its conceptual simplicity, precise construction of an apparatus meant to isolate Taylor–Couette flow requires careful control of boundary conditions, rotational speeds, and geometric tolerances to accurately capture the on set and evolution of flow instabilities. In this work, we present the theory, design, and construction, of a custom-built Taylor–Couette apparatus optimized for experimental investigation of vortex dynamics. The apparatus features, independently controlled rotation rates, with theoretical functionality to explore the entire Taylor-Couette space, and rheoscopic fluid for flow visualization. Emphasis is placed on creating a versatile device, capable of clearly differentiating between the different flow regimes. Preliminary validation tests demonstrate clear observation of laminar Couette flow, on set of Taylor vortices, and progression toward wavy and turbulent states. This platform enables future quantitative studies of critical thresholds, vortex structure, and nonlinear flow transitions in one of fluid mechanics’ most historically significant geometries
Baniwa Speculative Kinship
Full text linkThis article discusses the dynamics of Indigenous kinship in the Amazon, based on the autobiographical narrative of Mr. Júlio Cardoso, a ninety-year-old man of the Baniwa people. From his account, I develop an ethnographic discussion on the Baniwa, speakers of an Arawak language and inhabitants of the Upper Rio Negro, with a particular focus on the relationships between Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples. Júlio’s life is highlighted due to his extended period living with patrões from the regional aviamento system between the 1950s and 1970s. One of Júlio’s most recurrent formulations regarding these non-Indigenous bosses is that they were “as if” they were his fathers, a notion that is not considered either metaphorical or fictitious. I also analyze two important markers of the conversion of relationships: “getting used to” analogous to consanguinity, which allows the patrão to be conceived as a type of father – and “getting tired of,” which expresses relationships analogous to enmity. I conclude that a type of speculative kinship is revealed among the Baniwa through Júlio Cardoso, where “as if” becomes a mode of performing kinship operations. These operations allow for the ontological encounter and the comparison of worlds, creating possible relations, inverting orders between the visible and invisible, between the innate and the constructed
Gentes y maneras de hablar en el río Apaporis (Colombia): el caso de YAUNA, TANIMUCA y LETUAMA
No full textEl artículo ofrece una perspectiva histórica y lingüística sobre las relaciones entre las lenguas y pueblos conocidos como Yauna, Tanimuca y Letuama, enfocándose en el origen y significado de estos glosónimos y etnónimos. Hacemos un recorrido por el conocimiento académico sobre ellos y lo enriquecemos con el relato indígena de su historia sociolingüística, sus autodenominaciones y las denominaciones externas. Así, el artículo contribuye al desarrollo de una aproximación históricamente informada sobre los marcos de interpretación y categorización que se han consolidado para la comprensión académica del área cultural y lingüística del Noroeste Amazónico (o Gran Vaupés). Del mismo modo, ofrecemos un panorama de cambios sociales, políticos y sociolingüísticos en los siglos XX y XXI en el río Apaporis (Amazonas-Vaupés, Colombia) y su relación con las prácticas investigativas en antropología y lingüística en la región. Con este texto esperamos aportar, en especial, al conocimiento de la familia lingüística Tucano oriental, al igual que al lugar del pueblo Yauna y su lengua en el complejo cultural del Noroeste Amazónico
An X-ray of Mẽbêngôkre Houses in terms of matrimonial alliance
No full textThis article examines the matrimonial implications of the Houses, or matrihouses, of the Mẽtyktire subgroup of the Mẽbêngôkre (Kayapó-Jê) with the assistance of Puck (Program for the Use and Computation of Kinship Data) and Pajek software. In accordance with the greater legibility of graphics, statistical results have been converted into graphics whenever possible. The analysis is based on a revised version of a dataset spanning the years 1978 to 1982 and published on the site Kinsources. What began as a village census later morphed into genealogies, which served as the basis for the digital dataset. The matrihouses constitute a matrilineal institution present among all Mẽbêngôkre peoples; in contrast, matrimonial alliance favours village endogamy and balanced reciprocity. This “house-based society” traditionally incorporated outsiders, opening itself to historical transformations via acquisitions mediated by war captives. The 1970s produced a bonanza of immigrants from Indigenous peoples relocated from their traditional territories during Brazil’s military dictatorship and incorporated into the matrimonial circuits of their host communities. At the time of research, it was premature to foresee the outcome of this process, indissociable from a myriad of other factors such as the introduction of money and school education and the impacts of climate change. By focusing on the matrihouses, this article debunks the association of Mẽbêngôkre women with the periphery of society, which had contributed to their relative invisibility in ethnographic accounts and the tendency of white outsiders to address themselves exclusively to men
Dynamic Vehicle Selection and Adaptive Aggregation for Asynchronous Federated Learning enabled VANET
Full text linkThe rapid advancement of vehicular networks has paved the way for intelligent transportation systems, offering enhanced traffic management and autonomous driving capabilities. Federated Learning (FL) is emerging as a critical framework that enables the utilization of onboard information and computational resources while protecting data privacy. However, the high mobility of vehicles and the complex nature of wireless channels pose significant challenges for integrating FL into vehicular networks. This work proposes a Dynamic Vehicle Selection and Adaptive Aggregation Asynchronous based Asynchronous Federated Learning (DVSAA-AFL) scheme designed to optimize FL performance in vehicular networks. DVSAA-AFL introduces a novel approach to achieve dynamic vehicle selection corresponding to different conditions and an adaptive aggregation method that adjusts the weights of local models based on various factors. Our study shows the scheme performs better than or consistent with the baseline FL framework