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Povos indígenas nas Guianas: etnografias contemporâneas
No full textNa introdução a este número especial da Tipití, dedicado a etnografias recentes realizadas junto a povos indígenas na Amazônia guianense, sobrevoamos as principais tradições antropológicas que posicionaram a região no centro dos debates da etnologia amazonista. Alternativamente definida como “área linguística”, “área cultural” ou “área etnográfica”, a região das Guianas é compartilhada por coletivos indígenas falantes de idiomas da família Caribe e, em menor medida, de línguas Aruaque, Tupi, Yanomami, Sáliva e Warao, e está associada a algumas das monografias que inauguraram o período moderno da reflexão etnológica sobre o parentesco na Amazônia, além de influentes sínteses comparativas a propósito dos sistemas regionais nativos das Terras Baixas da América do Sul. No decorrer do texto, apontamos a repercussão recente de imagens clássicas a respeito dos povos indígenas guianenses, bem como o despertar de outras preocupações teóricas e de novos contextos de diálogo disciplinar e de trabalho etnográfico na Amazônia. Ressaltamos, nesse sentido, que esta coletânea é possivelmente uma das primeiras de antropologia nas Guianas a incluir textos de pesquisadores indígenas, eles próprios pertencentes ao povo Wai Wai. Seus textos, ambos escritos em colaboração com um pesquisador não indígena, demonstram a necessidade de diferentes soluções de autoria e de método, em um contexto de crescente presença indígena na academia. Os artigos, incluídos no número especial, apresentam uma amostra das pesquisas contemporâneas realizadas nas Guianas e abordam temas tão diversos como convivialidade, gênero, parentesco, moralidade, emoções, morte, ritual, música, espaço-temporalidade, movimento, memória, oralidade, mitologia, parceria e autoria etnográfica. As contribuições evidenciam, assim, a fecundidade perene de debates caros à etnologia regional, ao mesmo tempo em que iluminam transformações significativas de paradigmas antropológicos e das próprias vivências dos povos guianenses
A experiência e a moral de um mito
No full textA partir da análise de um mito de um povo (Katxuyana) das Guianas e da família linguística Caribe, este artigo enfatiza a necessidade do relato etnográfico não se distanciar do contexto e da moral da narrativa indígena. O artigo não desmerece a imensa contribuição das teorias e das informações etnográficas acerca das sociedades indígenas da Amazônia, resumidas brevemente, mas apresenta argumentos a favor de um método que dê mais valor à teoria e à prática indígena
Final Project Report Will Power Africa, Year 2
Full text linkThis report outlines the process that the Will Power Africa Year 2 team used to design and evaluate a backup power generator for a remote village in Tsholotsho, Zimbabwe. Year 1 of this project focused on the design of an electric fence to repel elephants. The original prototype is designed around the use of solar panels for power; however, due to the inconsistencies of solar power, the Year 2 team was tasked with creating a secondary power system to connect to the previous year’s system. We completed four tests that evaluated the major functionality and safety of our sub-systems. Due to the working criteria and requirements set by our sponsor, it was decided that a thermoelectric generator (TEG), fueled by a wood-fired rocket stove, would be ideal for the project. This design consisted of an alarm system which would alert the villagers if the battery passed a minimum threshold, a TEG that would be connected should the solar panel fail to produce the needed power, and a rocket stove to power said generator.
The system is able to produce 12V, however, the 8.31 Watts of power generated during charging is less than the 15 Watt goal for the design. The system does meet the safety requirements for international standards and travel capacity. The final design was tested and can function in a multitude of different weather conditions including high humidity, high winds, cloud cover, sunny, below 50°F and above 90°F.
While the system does effectively charge the battery with an 8.31 Watt power, this is lower than our original requirement. Despite this, the system is capable of charging the lithium ion battery in Tsholotsho. The generator successfully generates enough power to charge the electric fence during normal use, but may not be able to keep up with other high-power demands. Each subsystem has been designed to operate even in suboptimal power generation. The rocket stove heat source is also designed to be recreateable by the villagers in Zimbabwe to meet international air travel weight requirements.
During the completion of this report, it became evident that there was an issue in the TEG data sheet which prevented us from maximizing power output. Future adjustments will include lowering the rocket stove height to approach a more effective operating temperature. Future iterations may also consider a convection-based pump-cooled thermoelectric generator
Complex Segment Linkage Along the Sevier Normal Fault, Southwestern Utah
Full text linkMajor normal fault systems are composed of segments that link as displacement accumulates, with linkage zone characteristics that reveal fault zone evolution. The steeply west-dipping Sevier fault zone in southwestern Utah, displays a complex fault network that developed between two long (\u3e10 km), en echelon segments near the town of Orderville. Geologic map data and cross-sections of the transfer zone between the Mt. Carmel segment in the south and the Spencer Bench segment in the north reveal more than ten normal faults and four relay ramps displaying a range of geometries, including two relay ramps that display ramp-parallel folds. We suggest that transfer zone deformation was initially dominated by faults subparallel to the primary segments with later cross-faults that hard-linked these faults across most of the transfer zone. When the transfer zone was a soft-linked system, a displacement deficit likely existed relative to fault segments to the north and south. This early fault configuration would have reduced the efficiency of slip propagation associated with major earthquakes (\u3eM7.0). In contrast, the present-day transfer zone, with a complex but hard-linked fault network, shows displacements that transition smoothly from the higher displacement (~800 m) southern segment to the lower displacement (~400 m) northern segment. That transition, combined with extensional strain within the zone, suggests that the Orderville fault network would be unlikely to impede propagation associated with future major earthquakes. The kinematic model of fault evolution presented here has implications for those investigating geothermal energy potential, groundwater flow, natural gas and oil reservoirs, mineral deposit formation, or seismic hazards
The Gig Is Up: Examining Side Gig Income and Allowable Deductions
Full text linkThe expansion of the gig economy has provided opportunities and challenges for tax professionals. In this case study, a rideshare driver receives a Form 1099-K for side gig income and seeks tax advice from a friend, ultimately deciding to consult with a tax professional (the student) for income tax preparation. The friend provides a video that describes misleading information giving the students a chance to consider authoritative sources as they research appropriate reporting on an individual income tax return. The case learning objectives are: (1) distinguish between credible and noncredible sources of information; (2) evaluate expenses and income to determine the taxable nature of each item; (3) analyze data for completeness in order to compile all relevant data needed for compliance reporting; (4) apply authoritative sources to resolve tax issues; (5) prepare an accurate individual income tax return; and (6) demonstrate effective written communication skills for business documentation
Computer Modeling of Normal Fault-Related Damage Zones: Implications for Estimating Geothermal Energy Potential
Full text linkFinal Project Report Pace-It Team (2023-24)
Full text linkThe Pace-It team aims to design a prototype that tracks runners along a course to assist our sponsor with timekeeping. Our main objectives for this project include designing a device that satisfies our requirements, constructing and testing the device, correcting and revising, and finally, testing our prototype to fit our objectives. This report will include an overview of our design and its five subsystems and an evaluation of the final design against the team’s requirements and constraints. The main subsystems of our design are the timing software, receiver and RFID coding, storage/user interface (UI), power source or battery, and the cooling system.
The design constraints for this project include completing the project within the budget allotted to our team and delivering the final product by April 26, 2024. Additional system requirements include recording time to the nearest one-tenth of a second, running for two hours continuously without losing significant precision in data when running off an internal battery, and detecting runners from at least 3 feet away from the external antenna. We were able to track time to the nearest tenth of a second for a two-hour run while pulling a detection range of 50 inches from the antenna. Other requirements are listed in the “Introduction” section of the report. The Pace-It team fulfilled all the requirements for the project except for having a formal UI system. The team was not able to satisfy this because of time and compatibility issues between the data and Excel. However, the team did establish a method to transfer the data to an Excel spreadsheet so the prototype is usable.
The prototype for our timing system can perform most tasks outlined in the project test report but falls short of outputting data onto an external source. The design team has identified a potential solution to address this design flaw. To do so, the team would need to purchase a device to transfer data between two Arduinos. The additional device would ensure the data could be transferred to an Excel spreadsheet directly, as the current ones are unable to. Completing this process would be the team’s suggestion for a more permanent solution. However, the current prototype does meet the requirements and abides by the codes and standards of the Project Charter. Overall, the prototype is functional and can accommodate 6-10 running leaders while tracking time up to a tenth of a second and displaying the elapsed times of the runners