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Handling Class Imbalance Problems using Weighted Ensemble Models\ue2A Case Study of Drug-Drug Interactions induced Acute Coronary Syndrome
No full textWith the rapid advancement of modern medical technology, the quantity and variety of drugs for treating various diseases have also increased. One of the challenges brought about by this diversity of medications is mastering and preventing potential drug interactions, especially when these interactions could lead to Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). However, traditional research methods might struggle to comprehensively study all drug interactions and their potential impacts on ACS.
Therefore, this study attempts to tackle this challenge using advanced machine learning techniques. Firstly, the study utilizes patient medication records and ACS incidence records from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. This medical data forms an imbalanced dataset, and the study employs resampling techniques to overcome this imbalance for model training. The study uses ensemble learning algorithms, specifically the CART algorithm and the C50 decision tree algorithm for model training, comparing their predictive performances. Finally, shared rules identified by the CART algorithm and the C50 algorithm are used to explain potential associations between drug interactions and ACS.
Through this approach, not only has the study revealed specific drug interactions that may influence the risk of ACS, enhancing vigilance towards such risks, but it also provides a preventive strategy to lower this risk. This provides substantial assistance to clinical doctors in making decisions when prescribing medications
Analyses on the Relationships between Intangible Assets and Market Value of Taiwan\ue2s Integrated Circuit (IC) Design Companies
No full textAs the global economic trend shifts from traditional labor-intensive industries to knowledge-intensive industries, the value of intangible assets is increasingly important. According to OCEAN TOMO, a leading intellectual property brokerage firm, \ue2the proportion of intangible assets in the S&P 500 companies has increased from 17% in 1975 to 90% in 2020,\ue2 indicating that intangible-based business models can help companies create market value.
However, the evaluation of a company's intangible assets poses a challenge due to the distinct characteristics of various industries. Therefore, applying a universal evaluation theory across all industries is difficult, and so the most critical issue is to determine the most appropriate evaluation theory for different industries. This study utilizes Sveiby's (2002) classification method and examines the applicability of intangible asset evaluation theories, including CIV, Tobin's Q and M/B ratio, through regression analysis. This study aims to find a suitable model for evaluating the Intellectual Capital in the IC design industry in Taiwan. The study's empirical findings indicate that CIV is a better proxy variable for intangible asset value within the IC design industry due to its independence from market prices and operating performance fluctuations. In contrast, Tobin's Q and M/B ratio have lower explanatory power as they are influenced by market price fluctuations.
In addition, this study investigated the competitive advantages of Taiwan's IC design industry, revealing a positive correlation between patents and market value. The study recommended companies to strategically position themselves within the technology market to enhance their performance
Application of Hydrogen or Gasoline in Rotary-Valve Mower Engine
No full textIn recent years, due to global warming, the world has paid more and more attention to reducing environmental pollution. The pursuit of zero carbon emissions is a task that the future society needs to complete. Hydrogen is a zero-carbon fuel, and the source of hydrogen production can be through renewable energy. Carry out production to realize the benefits of zero carbon emissions. Compared with traditional fuels such as gasoline and diesel, hydrogen has a wider combustion limit, faster flame propagation speed and diffusion speed and other advantages.
The lawn mower engine tested in this experiment is equipped with a rotary valve to replace the output characteristics of the traditional intake and exhaust valves, which reduces the complexity and cost of the ejector-type intake and exhaust valves, and can be completed independently with a single opening of the rotary valve intake, compression, explosion, exhaust and other four strokes. The biggest feature of this engine is that although it is a four-stroke engine, it can match the high speed of a two-stroke engine and can maintain well torque output at high speeds. Not only does it not have the disadvantages of lower speed and heavier weight of ordinary four-stroke engines, but also It also retains the advantage of the high-speed output of the two-stroke engine.
In this study, the engine is divided into two fuel supply modes: gasoline and hydrogen. Hydrogen fuel is applied to a small displacement engine, and the maximum performance of the engine is tested under a load with the throttle fully open to understand performance, combustion characteristics, and emissions. , to distinguish the differences in the application of different fuels to rotary valve engines, it can be found that hydrogen fuel burns quickly, compared with gasoline, the combustion duration is much reduced and nearly zero carbon emissions, and this emission trend is in line with the pursuit of modern society
Synthesis of Water-Soluble Nitroxide Radical Polymers as Posolyte for Organic Flow Batteries
No full textThis thesis focuses on the synthesis of TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl) polymers as positive electrolytes (posolytes) and their application in both aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs) and non-aqueous organic redox flow batteries (NAORFBs). Poly[N-(2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl)-N,N-dimethyl-3-((2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-oxyl-4-piperidoxyl)propan-1-aminium chloride)] (PMAC-TEMPO) is synthesized, which exhibits redox activity in the organic phase and is utilized in NAORFBs. To enhance its water solubility, poly{[N-(2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl)-N,N-dimethyl-3-((2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-oxyl-4-piperidoxyl)propan-1-aminium chloride]-co-[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride} (MACN1-TEMPO) is synthesized. The MACN1-TEMPO polymer displays redox activity in the aqueous phase and is employed in AORFBs. Additionally, the viologen group N,N\ue2\ub2-dimethyl-4,4\ue2\ub2-bipyridinium dichloride (MV-Cl) is synthesized as a negative electrolyte (negolyte) for AORFBs. Furthermore, 2-(methacryloyloxy)-N,N-dimethyl-N-(4-nitrobenzyl)ethan-1-aminium bromide (MACNB) is synthesized as a negolyte for NAORFBs. The MACNB compound contains a nitrobenzene group, which exhibits redox activity and demonstrates potential for negolytes. MACN1-TEMPO and MV-Cl are successfully utilized in AORFBs, achieving a battery voltage of 1.29 V. PMAC-TEMPO and the nitrobenzene compound are employed in NAORFBs, yielding a battery voltage of 1.9 V
Empowering Leadership and Managerial Trust: The Moderating Role Of Power Distance and Individualism
No full textEmpowering leadership was acknowledged as a distinctive type of leadership. The empowering concept, such as autonomous working and self determined goal, congruent with many modern organizational principles, such as agile and OKR (Objective and Key Results). Several studies have proved that this leadership style leads to several positive work outcomes, including performance and job satisfaction. Nevertheless, Few studies have clarified the linkage to those outcomes.
In this research, Author explored how empowering leadership behavior influences a leader's perceived trust, separated into effect on affective trust and cognitive trust, and further analyzed the moderating role of cultural dimension, including power distance and individualism. The result shows that empowering behavior positively influences subordinates\ue2 affective trust and cognitive trust in their leader. Concerning cultural variation, The result shows no significant moderating impact of power distances and individualism between empowering leadership and cognitive trust. To the extent of my knowledge, This study is among the pioneers to explore different sources of trust being developed from empowering leadership, and the finding contributed to sacrace study on the impact of empowering leadership on leader perceived trust
A Periodization Study on the Allusions of Jia Yi Used by Poets in the Tang Dynasty
No full textIn this paper, the allusions related to Jia Yi used by poets of the Tang Dynasty were organized. The representative poets who used these allusions, the mainstream emotions conveyed by the allusions, and the writing methods when being used were discussed according to the four stages of "Early Tang Dynasty - Flourishing Tang Dynasty - Middle Tang Dynasty - Late Tang Dynasty". On this basis, the development and changes in the use of allusions related to Jia Yi in poetry of the Tang Dynasty were presented through the interconnection between various chapters.
In the first part of the text, the use of allusions related to Jia Yi in the early Tang Dynasty was introduced: the first section focuses on introducing the representative poet Song Zhiwen of this stage, and discussing the diversion of the use of allusions related to Jia Yi in his works; the second section focuses on introducing the mainstream emotions reflected in allusions related to Jia Yi at this stage - his talent of spiritual singing; the third section focuses on introducing the foil techniques used in using allusions at this stage.
In the second part, the use of allusions related to Jia Yi in the flourishing Tang Dynasty was introduced: the first section focuses on introducing the representative poets of this stage: Zhang Shuo, Zhang Jiuling, Li Bai and Du Fu, and discussing the characteristics of the use of allusions related to Jia Yi in their respective works; the second section focuses on discussing the two types of mainstream emotions and their flow reflected in allusions related to Jia Yi at this stage, that is, from "one's own ups and downs" to "thoughts of family and country".
In the third part, the use of allusions related to Jia Yi in the middle Tang Dynasty was introduced: the first section focuses on introducing the representative poets of this stage: Liu Changqing, Liu Zongyuan, Liu Yuxi and Bai Juyi, and discussing the characteristics of the use of allusions related to Jia Yi in their respective works; the second section focuses on discussing the techniques used in the use of allusions in this stage, including contradictory techniques and double allusions.
In the fourth part, the use of allusions related to Jia Yi in the later Tang Dynasty was introduced: the first section focuses on the use of allusions related to Jia Yi to describe the injustice suffered by direct ministers; the second section focuses on discussing the diversion of the use of allusions such as "Xuanshi" and "Moving the Seat Forward"; the third section focuses on the integration of Buddhist and Taoist ideas with allusions related to Jia Yi; the fourth section focuses on the formation of poems related to Jiayi
A Study on the Behavior Intention of Middle-Aged and Elderly People Suffering from Critical Illness under the COVID-19 Pandemic
No full textSince 2012, seven critical illnesses have been among Taiwan\ue2s top 10 causes of death because of the aging of Taiwan\ue2s population. In addition, because of the medical risks of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study explored the behavioral intention (BI) of middle-aged and older individuals with critical illnesses to seek medical treatment. This study was a cross-sectional study, applying the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to explore the behavioral intention of seeking medical treatment of middle-aged and elderly people suffering from major diseases under the epidemic situation. After committee review of the Institutional Review Board (IRB), data were collected by a questionnaire of outpatients and inpatients at Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital from July to September 2022, with 526 valid questionnaires being returned. Structural equation analysis was applied by least squares structural equation modeling (smart PLS). This study disclosed that in addition to \ue2attitude (AT)\ue2, \ue2subjective norms (SN)\ue2 and \ue2perceived behavioral control (PBC)\ue2, the two important constructs of \ue2perceived risk (PR)\ue2 and \ue2trust (TR)\ue2 can be expanded to fully explain patients' intention to seek medical treatment. The analysis demonstrated that the 5 main dimensions and 17 sub-facets could be established. The most important of the five dimensions is TR, followed by AT, PR, PBC, and SN. Secondly, each sub-facets were affected by the significant mediating effect of the five main dimensions on BI. There were significant differences between the three common causes of critical illness (hypertension, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia) and the pattern of intention to seek medical treatment based on the planned behavior theory amplified in this study.
The practical implications of these results are that middle-aged and older patients with critical illnesses form strong connections with neighboring hospitals in the community and frequently visit and interact with doctors at hospitals to acquire medical information and prevent emergencies. Patients have more trust in hospitals than in individual doctors during the pandemic. Individual doctors should establish positive cooperative relationships with hospitals, follow hospitals\ue2 medical service quality policies, and improve patient care. Medical ethics emphasizes the importance of goodwill, empathy, honesty, and integrity. Improving medical equipment and services, employing high-quality physicians, and gaining the trust of patients are vital for hospitals. They must also follow the government\ue2s pandemic prevention strategies to create an environment for high-quality medical care and ensure that staff are vaccinated to prevent transmission. Multiple channels of communication should be established, and civil society organizations and religious institutions should be integrated. Community medical services should provide convenient and efficient medical care
Photothermal magnetic nanoparticles in combination with MALDI-TOF MS for rapid bacteria detection
No full textAs the most numerous microorganisms of the world, the bacteria have a significant on the ecosystem. The reason why bacteria cause a lot of diseases is because of bacteria can easily spread between the individuals by the skin, respiratory tract, or digestive system. Nowadays, most of the clinical detection of bacteria is by bacterial culture. But the biggest problem of the bacterial culture is that the culture takes a lot of time. And to accurately identify the type of bacterial, the multiple methods are necessary. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a rapid clinical identify the type of the infected bacteria and give appropriate antibiotic treatment at the early stage of the disease, to prevent the continuous deterioration of the disease and cause serious illness and death.
The aim of this study is to develop a nano-composite material that can capture Escherichia coli (E.coli) in complex environments and perform purification and separation. The composite material utilizes its photo-thermal conversion ability to lyse the captured bacteria, and the resulting products are analyzed using mass spectrometry. Iron(III) oxide (Fe3O4) is coated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and copper sulfide (CuS) nanoparticles with photo-thermal effects, constructing Fe3O4@BSA@CuS. Finally, antibodies specific to E. coli are modified on the surface of the material. This eliminates the need for bacterial culture time in bacterial detection and improves the convenience of detecting bacteria. The experimental results show that the material can quickly concentrate E. coli from the sample through magnetic separation. With excellent photo-thermal conversion efficiency, the captured E. coli can be lysed within 1 minute by irradiation with an 808 nm wavelength laser (0.6 W) to reach 60 \ue2, releasing the proteins from the bacteria. The released proteins can then be analyzed using mass spectrometry to accurately identify different types of bacteria. In summary, this study successfully establishes a rapid bacteria detection system based on Fe3O4@BSA@CuS, which has purification, concentration, and thermal lysis capabilities. It can rapidly diagnose the types of bacteria in complex environments, significantly improving the efficiency of bacterial detection in clinical settings
6G Upper-Midband Higher-Order MIMO Communication System with High Spectral Efficiency Based on High-Density MIMO Patch Antennas
No full textThis thesis presents the promising antenna type for the future 6G upper-midband high-order MIMO communication system and their measured system performance. The promising MIMO antennas are formed based on using the high-density four-port patch antenna as a four-port building unit, which can generate 4 uncorrelated waves with a wide beamwidth and a relatively higher antenna gain. The transmitter in the MIMO system uses two four-port units to generate 8 uncorrelated waves, and the receiver uses two six-port patch antennas or three four-port patch antennas to obtain a 12-port MIMO array. Such combinations of MIMO antennas are applied in the 12 x 8 MIMO system in this study. To test the MIMO performance, the future possible global mobile communication spectrum 7025-7125 MHz is selected. The center frequency is set at 7.075 GHz and the bandwidth is 100 MHz. Based on the measured results, the 12 x 8 MIMO system can support 1024 QAM signal modulation in the indoor open space. The obtained throughput is larger than 5.5 Gbps and the corresponding spectral efficiency is larger than 55 bps/Hz. For the Tx outdoor & Rx indoor scenario, the 12 x 8 MIMO system can support 256 QAM signal modulation with a throughput of 4.5 Gbps and a spectral efficiency of 45 bps/Hz, which is at least 3 times that of the 5G midband 4 \uc3 4 MIMO system. Additionally, owing to the number of receive antennas exceeding the number of transmit antennas, the value of 8 spatial streams for 6G applications is highlighted. The measured results illustrate the good performance of the 12 \uc3 8 MIMO communication system based on using high-density MIMO patch antennas
Application of the BERT Model in Predicting Taiwanese Stock Returns Based on Financial News Sentiment
No full textIn recent years, investors and researchers have been actively seeking effective methods to predict and explain the volatility of asset returns. One such method involves using news sentiment or other investment sentiment proxy variables. Previous studies have used indicators such as trading volume, price-to-moving-average ratio as proxy variables for individual investor\ue2s sentiment. In this study, in addition to considering the existing sentiment proxy variables, we incorporated internet news sentiment, which was transformed into a quantifiable metric, into our trading strategy. This became an emotion-enhanced trading strategy, and we examined its effectiveness. Large language models (LLMs) have seen significant development and have proven effective in text classification. In this study, we utilized BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) to finish text sentiment classification. We fine-tuned the model with a small amount of labeled data, using news from Aune and ETToday over a ten-year period (2013-2022) then used the model's predicted values to label the sentiment of all news articles, distinguishing them as negative, neutral, or positive. This study conducts robust test with macroeconomic indicators. The results indicated that strategy with news sentiment will enhance the performance, but at the same time raise the volatility over weekly returns