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EXPLORING THE EFFECT OF CONTENT CHARACTERISTICS ON USER ENGAGEMENT: THE MODERATING ROLE OF NEWS MEDIA
No full textThis research delves into how threat and coping appraisal messages in news content influence user engagement on social media, particularly focusing on a gap in existing research regarding the impact of these message types. Previous research has investigated how the characteristics of content influence on user behavior, the specific influence of threat and coping appraisals has remained unclear. Analyzing news content related to vaccines and using secondary social media data, the research finds that threat appraisal messages significantly boost user engagement, more so than coping appraisal messages, and even have a negative effect on engagement. It also reveals that news media characteristics can positively influence the impact of response-efficacy on engagement, especially in terms of likes and shares, with severity affecting comments. The study highlights how news media characteristics can balance the positive effects of susceptibility. These insights inform a strategic approach for news media agencies to craft social media content that effectively uses coping appraisal messages to enhance user engagement
Task Offloading Strategy Based on Tasks Types in Vehicular Edge Computing
No full textWith the advancement of vehicle communication and computing capabilities, Internet of Vehicles (IoV) has attracted significant attention and has given rise to various vehicular applications. These vehicular applications require substantial resources for computation and storage. However, due to vehicles\ue2 the limited computing and storage capabilities, it is challenging for vehicles to meet the growing resource demands, especially for computationally intensive applications with strict latency requirements.
Therefore, Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) has been integrated into the Internet of Vehicles, forming Vehicular Edge Computing (VEC). VEC relocates computing and storage resources closer to users, allowing vehicles to offload tasks to nearby Roadside Units (RSUs) or other vehicles, which reduce latency and saves energy consumption.
Vehicles are constantly in motion, in VEC each vehicle with varying computing resources. Determining the offloading target poses a challenging problem for VEC. Whether the task can be partitioned also has a huge impact on the choice of offloading targets. Previous research did not allow different task partitioning. Tasks were subject to be partitionable or not based on the research's settings. However, depending on the characteristics, some tasks cannot be partitioned, while others can be divided into multiple parts for partial offloading.
Therefore, this thesis aims to minimize the combination of delay and energy consumption of all tasks, taking into account whether the tasks can be partitioned. We utilize the PSO algorithm, considering vehicle\ue2s mobility, computing resources, and whether the tasks can be partitioned to determine the task offloading targets, offloading ratios, and the allocation of computing resources at RSU. After deciding the offloading targets, multiple tasks may be offloaded to the same target. To prevent tasks from violating delay constraints, we sort the tasks based on their delay constraints, aiming to enhance the completion rate of tasks
Characterization of two stocks of swordtip squid Uroteuthis edulis in the waters around Taiwan
No full textCephalopods are important fishery targets all over the world. Neritic squids (Loliginidae) account for one-eighth of the total cephalopod production and are second only to Ommastrephidae. Therefore, neritic squids are an important economic fishery target globally. Although the annual catch of neritic squids in Taiwan is continuously dropping, the value of production has remained almost the same, and it is still one of the top ten economic species in Taiwan's coastal fisheries. Among them, swordtip squids (Uroteuthis edulis) are one of the most important species in stick-held dip net and trawl fisheries. The main fishing ground is in the northeastern waters of Taiwan, followed by the Taiwan Strait and the southwestern waters of Taiwan. According to previous studies, there might be two clades of swordtip squids in the East China Sea and the southern Taiwan Strait, respectively. Although the feeding and spawning times and areas as well as the genetic and growth characteristics have been studied for the former group, the latter group remained unknown. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to (1) characterize the distribution area of the two groups, southern Taiwan Strait stock spawning season, and seasonal variation of the two groups in the southern Taiwan Strait, (2) investigate the genetic connectivity and historic dynamics within the groups using mitochondrial COI gene, (3) reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships of common loliginidae squids in Taiwanese waters based on the information of two mitochondrial (COI, 16S) and two nuclear (Rhodopsin, Histone) genes, (4) analyze the relationships between age and mantle length in the southern Taiwan Strait stock and compare it with the East China Sea stock to see if there is any growth difference between the two groups. Our haplotype network result showed the geographical division of group A and group B for the swordtip squids in the surrounding waters of Taiwan. Group A was distributed from the East China Sea (Japan, South Korea, China) to the southern Taiwan Strait, while group B was distributed from Penghu to the southern waters of China (Yuexi). These two groups are sympatric in the southern Taiwan Strait. No further geographic differentiation was observed within each group. Group B had only one spawning peak according to the estimation of statolith daily age. In the southern Taiwan Strait, group A occurs year-round, and group B occurs only from June to November probably due to the influence of ocean currents and water temperature. Many analyses indicated a possible population expansion event for both groups. The Bayesian skyline plot showed that group A expanded rapidly 15,000 years ago, whereas group B began to expand slowly 30,000 years ago, the effective population size has both reached 1.0x107. This similarity in size of the two groups was also supported by their comparable haplotype diversity. In the phylogeny tree of common Uroteuthis species in Taiwanese waters reconstructed by combining four gene sequences, we can also see the division of the two groups of swordtip squids. Evolutionary relationships among species are almost the same as those of previous studies, except for the unresolved relationships of U. duvauceli and U. sibogae in this study. After combining the data from previous studies, the optimal growth equations for both males and females of group B were estimated as logistic. Yet, because of the small size of the samples, only the growth pattern of the early life stage could be presented. Based on the data, it is hypothesized that group B seems to be affected by higher water temperatures, resulting in a relatively smaller mature mantle length. Summarizing the above, there is no gene flow between the two groups. Therefore, they can be regarded as different stocks for the fisheries resources management. The resource is abundant for both stock A and stock B, but their distribution range and reproductive season are different. Cross-region resource management should be conducted to achieve sustainable use of both swordtip squid stocks
Continuously period-chirped silicon blazed gratings and its optical property
No full textOptical spectrometer uses dispersive elements to decompose the light waves according to their wavelengths. In this work, we propose a continuously-chirped blazed grating as a dispersive element, which has the advantages of high resolution (narrow linewidth), high diffraction efficiency and a large measurable wavelength range (400~800 nm). The period and blaze angle of the grating structure is defined by the crystalline orientation of silicon wafer and the photomask. A laser interference lithography system with a convex mirror is employed to produce a gradient periodic grating structure. The resulting resist patterns are then transferred onto the silicon oxide mask for the following wet etching to form silicon blazed gratings having a 23 degree slope and a period of 300~475 nm.
A light diffraction measurement system is built for device characterization, in which the grating sample is positioned on a high-precision linear motion and rotation stages. Under an incident angle of 25, 30, 35, 40, and 45, the grating sample is capable of resolving a wavelength range of 400~610, 440~660, 470~710, 500~770, and 530~790 nm, respectively, with a linewidth resolution of 2~3 nm. The highest diffraction efficiency can reach up to 20%. After depositing a 35-nm gold film on the surface of blazed gratings, the highest diffraction efficiency further reaches up to 40%
Between Mystical Experience and Lyrical Self: The \ue2Crossing Boundaries\ue2 Flow in Qu-Fu
No full textThis article examines a transition between two values in the poetry of Qu Yuan (342-278 B.C.): \ue2mystical experience\ue2 and \ue2lyrical self.\ue2 Through the lens of \ue2crossing boundaries\ue2 and \ue2transcending categories,\ue2 it discusses another dimension of Qu Yuan\uca\ubcs texts within the context of an axial breakthrough from the era of \ue2shamans\ue2 to \ue2reason.\ue2
Shamans served as intermediaries between the mundane world and the divine, utilizing their bodies for external transcendence. However, by manipulating the stroke of a pen, the poet can communicate between the realms of reality, the gods, and the self through internal transcendence. Hence, the poet\uca\ubcs inner transcendental activities are divided into three levels: (1) The poet\uca\ubcs descriptions and imaginings of mystical experiences: \ue2Spiritual Crossing.\ue2 (2) The poet directs their gaze toward the heroes and sages in the human world, where the present self and the multiple others intersect: \ue2Crossing Boundaries of Past and Present.\ue2 (3) The poet addresses their most significant inner turmoil - the relationship between rulers and subjects - to construct intricate dynamics between gender and homeland: \ue2Crossing Boundaries of Yin and Yang.\ue2 From a macro perspective, all the texts represent Qu Yuan\uca\ubcs response to how lyricism and distress can be harmonized. He chooses to \ue2cross boundaries\ue2 by shifting from one place to another, from the present to the past, from male to female, and from the relationships of rulers and subjects to that of male and female love. In this context, it becomes imperative to consider where the poet places himself - who can support and empathize with him? These spiritual needs profoundly influence his ways of seeing, subsequently transforming the intellectual materials into lyrical texts. Therefore, when Qu Yuan focuses on the \ue2self\ue2 and the \ue2human world,\ue2 it indicates that the era of shamans has entered its twilight phase
Preparation of High Rate Capability of Carbon Nanofiber as Anode for Sodium and Potassium Ion Batteries by ZnO Atomic Layer Deposition and Carbothermic Reduction
No full textThis study employed the technique of atomic layer deposition (ALD) to precisely deposit ZnO nanoparticles of different dimensions onto carbon nanofibers (CNF). Subsequently, a carbothermic reduction process was applied to convert the CNF into porous structures, which were then utilized as anode materials in sodium-ion and potassium-ion batteries. The primary focus of this investigation was to analyze the influence of material structure and surface chemical composition on the electrochemical performance of these battery systems.
The material analysis results demonstrate that the deposition of atomic layer deposition (ALD) ZnO for 30 cycles (Zcnf30) yielded the highest specific surface area and appropriate pore size distribution. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicated that Zcnf30 and Zcnf50 exhibited relatively higher C=C/C-C ratios, as well as increased pyridinic and pyrrolic nitrogen content. BET analysis calculated that Zcnf30 possessed the largest specific surface area and distribution of micropores and mesopores. In terms of sodium-ion battery of electrochemical testing, Zcnf30 demonstrated the highest initial discharge capacity of 402 mA h g-1. All samples maintained a stable capacity of approximately 255 mA h g-1 with a 97 % capacity retention during cycling at 0.04 A h g-1. Notably, Zcnf30 exhibited excellent rate capability, achieving a capacity of 93 mA h g-1 at 1.0 A h g-1, nearly three times higher than pristine (63.9 mA h g-1). In potassium-ion battery (PIB) testing, Zcnf30 displayed a stable capacity of 289.6 mA h g-1, comparable to graphite (279 mA h g-1), during cycling at 0.05 A h g-1. Furthermore, Zcnf30 exhibited a remarkable capacity of 170.3 mA h g-1 at 1.0 A h g-1 in high rate cycling, almost doubling the capacity of 93.3 mA h g-1 in SIB.
Hence, it can be seen that Zcnf30 serves as a high performance negative electrode material for SIB and PIB, offering a convenient and controllable fabrication process. It exhibits excellent rate capability, attributed to its larger specific surface area, suitable porous structure, and abundant surface functional groups. These factors facilitate the migration of sodium and potassium ions and enhance electron transfer, thereby improving diffusion coefficients and capacitive effects
Advancing Gender Bias Detection in Text: A Few-Shot Approach
No full textWe introduce a new method for detecting gender bias in text using large language models and few-shot learning, highlighting the urgent need for bias mitigation in the rapidly advancing field of AI language models.
We propose a methodology that uses GPT-3.5 Turbo produce by OpenAI's, to perform few-shot learning tasks for bias detection. Unlike traditional methods, our approach is automated, efficient, and scalable. The method incorporates the process of prompt tuning to guide the model's response generation, enabling us to investigate bias at a fine-grained level.
Experimental results, using the Social Bias Inference Corpus (SBIC) dataset, demonstrate the efficacy of our method in accurately detecting gender bias across various scopes. Our approach also allows for reason generation, providing insight into the model's bias detection process.
This work contributes to the ongoing discussions on AI fairness, opening up new avenues for researchers interested in bias detection and mitigation in AI models. Through our approach, we offer a way forward for more equitable and inclusive language models
Chemical Scrubbing of fume gas stream from corn germ drying operation
No full textA plant in Taiwan produces high-fructose corn syrup by pickling corn kernels in diluted aqueous bisulfite liquor to separate corn bran from corn endosperm for further processing of the endosperm starch to produce corn syrup. A corn-bran drying process in the plant emits fume gas with a flow rate of 245-492 Nm3/min. The gas contains reducing sulfur and amine compounds which cause odor complaints from neighboring residents when emitted to the atmosphere. The gas is treated by a three-stage-in-series scrubbing process to eliminate the odorants there in. The main function of first scrubber (A1) is to cool down the incoming gas to around 60oC to facilitate the odor removal efficacy of the following two scrubbers. The second scrubber (A2) purposes to remove the odorants by using diluted hypochlorite solution as an oxidizing agent. The third one (A3) is for further cooling down the treated gas to as low as 40oC to reduce water vapor before venting it to the atmosphere.
The purpose of the present study was to reduce the odor concentration of the treated gas to meet the regulation of odor concentration of less than 2,000 when diluted to smell threshold.
Results indicate that by dosing 60 mL/min of hypochlorite solution (12% effective chlorine) and 10 mL/min of an aqueous solution of benzalkonium chloride to the A2 scrubbing water, most odorants in the gas can be removed. In addition, by spraying 5 L/min of an aqueous hypochlorous acid solution (effective chlorine 2,000-2,400 mg/L at pH 6.5) to the A3 vented gas in a chimney of around 30 m in length, the odor concentration of the vented gas could be reduced to less than 1,000. An effective chlorine of 20-50 mg/Nm3 helps to oxidizing the residual odorants in the A3 effluent gas
A three reference voltage 0.5V 10-bit SAR-ADC using merge split capacitor switching scheme in 40nm CMOS
No full textThis paper proposes a 10-bit continuous approximation analog-to-digital converter ( SAR-ADC ) using the 40nm process provided by TSMC, the supply voltage is set to 0.5 volt, and the sampling frequency is 4 million times per second. This paper aims to achieve objectives pertaining to low power consumption and compact layout area, which are applicable in the domains of both Internet of Things ( IoT ) and biomedical.
Over the years, in the circuit design of successive approximation analog-to-digital converters, a balance between performance enhancement and low power consumption has been sought. In the design of traditional and monotonic switches, although the switching mechanism constitutes a relatively simple and clear structure, due to the requirement of power of two for the weight of the matched capacitor array, significant power consumption is incurred during the switching process, this also results in a considerable increase in layout area. To address this issue, a novel approach must be devised to diverge from conventional and linear switching methodologies. Initially, the primary objective centers around minimizing the weight of the capacitor array, thereby aligning with the pursuit of reduced power consumption and a compact layout footprint. To this end, the introduction of a merge- split switching technique is advocated, supplemented by the integration of three distinct reference voltages. This integration yields a significant reduction in the aggregate capacitance of the capacitor array. Furthermore, refinements are introduced to the logic control unit, resulting in a notable reduction in the switching duration. This not only curtails power consumption during the switching process but also further diminishes the capacitance load on the capacitor array. As a corollary, the layout area experiences a commensurate reduction, effectively achieving the twin objectives of economizing manufacturing expenditures and improving the performance of the ADC.
Apart from the adoption of the innovative merge-split switching technique, the logic control architecture incorporates a distinctive switch circuit tailored to individual bits for governing the capacitor array. This specialized switch mechanism is augmented by the incorporation of three distinct reference voltages, thereby diversifying the voltage modalities employed to regulate the temporal aspects of merge-split switching. This symbiotic amalgamation yields a twofold advantage: a discernible curtailment in power utilization and a concomitant reduction in the overall circuit footprint. By harnessing this combined methodology, the circuit attains not only optimized power efficiency but also a streamlined layout area, thereby achieving a harmonious synergy between enhanced operational efficacy and an economy in spatial resources
The relationship between coral reef fish wariness and anthropogenic activities in the Xiaoliuqiu
No full textTaiwan, an island country, is home to communities, cultures, and an economy that rely heavily on the ocean. Ocean ecosystems have undergone substantial changes during the Anthropocene. To protect marine resources in Taiwan, protected areas have been established. One such area is Xiaoliuqiu, which has been designated as a marine protected area with various regulations governing human activity within specific zones. To evaluate how human activity affects fish behavior under different management regimes in Xiaoliuqiu, an underwater survey using a diver-operated stereo video system were conducted at three popular diving sites: Beauty Cave (a no-take zone), Da Fu (a multiple-use zone), and Wild Boar Trench (a multiple-use zone). The length and wariness of four fish species were assessed, which were Ctenochaetus binotatus, Scarus forsteni, Chromis margaritifer, and Centropyge vrolikii. The first two of these species are considered edible, and the second two are considered inedible. Three hypotheses were tested: (1) edible species in multiple-use zones would be smaller and more wary than those in no-take zones, (2) wariness would be positively correlated with length among edible species, and (3) inedible species in no-take zones would be of similar length and as wary as those in multiple-use zones. Our study recorded 294 and 772 fish belonging to the edible and inedible species, respectively. All species significantly differed in the level of wariness in Wild Boar Trench; however, no significant difference in size was observed between sites. Fish in multiple-use zones were more wary than those in no-take zones. Fish wariness is a more sensitive indicator than body size. Wariness is an effective indicator of the effectiveness of management in marine protected areas. We recommend for diver-operated stereo video systems to be widely used in Taiwan