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Double Fin-Shaped Channel Induced Line-Tunneling TFET with Gate-Source Overlap and Source/Drain Schottky Contact
No full textWith the development of Industry 4.0 and the emergence of the concept of Industry 5.0, the future direction of transistors is moving towards low-power components. Traditional metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) have reached their limits, particularly due to the subthreshold swing being influenced by the Boltzmann effect, with a minimum value of only 60mV/dec, which does not meet the expected transistor operation requirements for the future. Many studies have proposed alternative components or methods to reduce the subthreshold swing, such as FinFETs, Gate-All-Around transistors, and transistors using ferroelectric materials in the gate oxide layer. Among them, tunneling transistors show great potential as low-power components. This paper presents a dual-fin channel tunneling transistor with Schottky contact operation, achieving an average subthreshold swing of 10.9mV/dec, an ION / IOFF ratio as high as 9.1\uc3109, and a high ION of 4.91\uc310-5 A/um. It holds great potential for applications in big data, AI, and ultra-high energy efficiency (IoT).
Furthermore, as the technology node advances to 3nm, the main transistors currently manufactured are FinFETs. To align with the current process, this paper also discusses the characteristics of tunneling transistors using the FinFET architecture. We have improved our tunneling transistor by utilizing the previously proposed PN architecture in our laboratory. Based on the FinFET architecture, we designed a dual-channel tunneling transistor that effectively suppresses the ambipolar effect observed in traditional transistors. Due to the low-power operating bias, our device exhibits no undesirable effects associated with bipolar transmission. Ultimately, our transistor achieves an average subthreshold swing of 27.1mV/dec, an ION / IOFF ratio of 2.5\uc3108, and a high ION of 1.3\uc310-4 A/um.
However, as the technology node continues to shrink, challenges arise in the fabrication process. Ion implantation, although currently unavoidable in transistor fabrication, increases the thermal budget and affects device characteristics. Moreover, it adds complexity to the manufacturing steps. To address these issues, we propose the utilization of Schottky contact as an alternative to ion implantation, enabling normal transistor operation. By eliminating the need for one ion implantation step, we simplify the fabrication process and significantly improve device stability.
In our design, we employ N-type semiconductor for the transistor and incorporate Schottky contact at the source region. Through optimization, we achieve excellent device characteristics with a subthreshold swing of 10.9mV/dec, an ION / IOFF ratio as high as 9.1\uc3109, and a high ION of 4.91\uc310-5 A/um. Additionally, our device exhibits no undesirable effects typically associated with conventional tunneling transistors due to the low-power operating bias.
We have compared several simulation studies on tunneling transistors, such as negative capacitance effects, gate surround architecture, fin-based architecture, pocket doping engineering, and L-shaped architecture. It can be observed that our device exhibits the best performance. Therefore, this paper proposes a tunneling transistor that not only reduces process steps but also demonstrates excellent electrical characteristics
Using Social Comparison Theory to Explore the Effectiveness of Chatbot's Service Recovery Strategies in Reducing Relative Deprivation
No full textNowadays, the advancement of technology has facilitated our daily lives, especially in service encounter scenarios where service providers are gradually introducing chatbots as employees. These chatbots can help increase service quality and solve customers' complaints. However, service failures are still unavoidable and unpredictable dilemma.
Our research intends to investigate the reasons why customers remain unsatisfied with the service recovery after a service failure. We aim to explain this phenomenon using the theories of Relative Deprivation and Social Comparison. On one hand, our research will adopt a scenario-based questionnaire to explore the relationship between relative deprivation and social comparison. On the other hand, we will examine the use of social comparison as a service recovery strategy with the aid of chatbots. Also, our research will discuss the interaction between customers and chatbots in order to determine whether the effectiveness of anthropomorphism and social comparison strategies can trigger customers' perceived apology. This perceived apology can then help mitigate the negative impact of relative deprivation and negative emotions.
Through our research, we conclude that customers perceive relative deprivation when they find themselves inferior to others. We suggest that relative deprivation has an impact on negative emotions. Furthermore, our research reveals that under anthropomorphism conditions, there is no difference between upward assimilation comparison and a plain apology in terms of perceived apology. However, in non-anthropomorphic scenarios, there is a significant effect of downward contrast comparison in improving customers' perceived apology and reconciliation intention
Exploring the Relationship Between Leaders\ue2 Paradox Mindset and Positive Work Behaviors: Mediating Role of Organizational Frustration and Moderating Effect of Employee Entitlement
No full textIn today's intense business competition, positive work behavior plays a crucial role as a key success factor. It embodies a proactive and professionally responsible attitude, enabling individuals and organizations to quickly respond to market challenges and changes, thereby enhancing competitiveness. Whether at the individual or organizational level, positive work behavior helps individuals stand out in a competitive environment.
The objective of this study is to investigate the mutual relationships among leaders\ue2 paradox mindset, organizational frustration, and positive work behavior. Drawing on the paradox theory as the research foundation, the study examines the mediating effect of organizational frustration and leaders\ue2 paradox mindset on positive work behavior, as well as the moderating effect of employee entitlement on the relationship between leaders\ue2 paradox mindset and organizational frustration.
This study conducted a survey targeting domestic manufacturing, wholesale and retail industries, and other industries. A two-stage online questionnaire was used to collect 400 valid samples. The research methodology involved using SPSS Statistics software for reliability analysis, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis. Additionally, AMOS software was utilized for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).
The analysis implies that when leaders exhibit higher levels of paradox mindset, it effectively reduces subordinates' experience of frustration and negative impact within the organization, thereby increasing positive work behavior
To explore the correlation between blood parameters MPV(mean platelet volume) and cardiovascular disease in dialysis patients
No full textObjective:Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the population undergoing dialysis. Approximately 40-50% of end-stage kidney disease patients die from cardiovascular disease, and the mortality rate is 15 times higher than that of the general population. Chronic kidney disease is classified as the most influential risk factor for all cardiovascular diseases. Mean platelet volume (MPV) is an important indicator of platelet activation and is also considered an independent inflammatory marker of the cardiovascular system. Therefore, research aims to explore whether MPV values can be used as a predictor of cardiovascular disease risk in the population undergoing dialysis.
Method:To collect data from patients undergoing dialysis at our hospital from January 2018 to December 2022. Patients will be required to undergo a CBC test using the Sysmex XN-10 analyzer. The study population will be divided into two groups based on whether they have been diagnosed with cardiovascular disease: Group A (control group) without cardiovascular disease, and Group B (experimental group) with cardiovascular disease. The study will compare the correlation between MPV, RDW, gender, age, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and echocardiography between the two groups. Descriptive statistics will be used to compare the mean and standard deviation between the two groups for MPV, RDW, gender, age, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and echocardiography. Data analysis will be performed using SPSS (version 25).
RSULT:A total of 98 dialysis patients were collected, with 42 males and 56 females (43% and 57.1%, respectively). The mean age was 58.8 years (standard deviation \uc2\ub1 9.9). Group B (experimental group) had significantly higher MPV values than Group A (control group) (10.9\uc2\ub10.9 vs. 10.0\uc2\ub10.9 fl, p < 0.005). In Group A, there was no significant difference in MPV values before or after dialysis (9.5\uc2\ub10.6 fl vs. 9.8\uc2\ub10.6 fl, p = 0.969). In Group B, there was a strong positive correlation between MPV and cardiovascular disease (p < 0.005)
Conclusion:The MPV is higher in the dialysis population with cardiovascular disease than in those without, and there is a long-term increase in MPV in the population with cardiovascular disease. Dialysis patients have calcium and phosphate deposits in soft tissues, joints, or vascular walls, which lead to cardiovascular disease. Using cardiovascular risk factors to predict the risk of the disease is an important role in clinical care and prevention of cardiovascular disease, and MPV has both economic benefits and predictive effect
The impact of wash trading on the liquidity of the cryptocurrency market
No full textIn the cryptocurrency market, wash trading activities are among the common fraudulent practices. The existence of wash trading undermines the trustworthiness of transaction information in the cryptocurrency market, significantly impacting market liquidity characteristics and causing investors to misjudge transaction costs. Previous research primarily focused on fraudulent behaviors in exchanges. However, wash trading may exist within specific cryptocurrencies. Therefore, this study refers to the research methodology of Cong, Li, Tang, Yang (2021) with the aim of identifying cryptocurrencies that may have false trading activities. It further investigates whether cryptocurrencies with wash trading exhibit distinct characteristics among different populations. The study aims to provide investors with a basis for identifying cryptocurrencies with wash trading, thus avoiding investment losses due to illegal activities. The study period for this research spans from January 2018 to January 2023, with a total of 500 samples after screening. Among these samples, 291 currencies were found to have wash trading. The research findings indicate that cryptocurrencies with wash trading have larger market capitalization, higher website rankings, and other basic features compared to cryptocurrencies without wash trading. However, there is relatively little discernible population difference in market characteristics such as market capitalization and liquidity estimates
How can you be in sales if you speak so little? Use self-narrative as a way to explain yourself
No full textSalespeople often face various stereotypes, such as being eloquent and outgoing. However, not all salespeople possess these characteristics. In the market, salespeople can be found in various industries, requiring a diverse range of talents. In this context, it is important to understand the essential qualities a salesperson should possess and how they develop their sales skills. With 16 years of experience in the sales field, I aim to explore what kind of individuals are qualified to be salespeople and how they acquire relevant business skills based on my personal life experiences.
This study adopts a self-narrative approach, using my past experiences in sales-related roles as an example to examine the necessary traits and the cultivation of related abilities for salespeople. In the research process, I initially develop self-reflections through self-recollection and convert these narratives into written drafts. From the content of these drafts, I analyze whether salespeople should possess specific traits and how various skills are learned. The research findings indicate that despite many companies offering formal training programs to assist salespeople in skill development, their actual learning primarily occurs through informal learning in their daily lives.
Informal learning in the sales field possesses several characteristics. Firstly, it often arises from encountering various challenges and difficulties in tasks, which trigger the motivation to learn. Secondly, learning from setbacks is common, and in the learning process, growth is not only derived from acquiring product expertise but also from peer-to-peer exchanges. This research reveals that salespeople's learning heavily relies on informal channels. Therefore, for enterprises, mechanisms such as mentorship programs or cultivating sales communities can be designed to provide diverse informal learning opportunities, assisting salespeople in their learning and growth.
Furthermore, the study identifies that salespeople frequently encounter various setbacks. Establishing anonymous communities can serve as an outlet for salespeople to vent their frustrations and share experiences, thereby supporting their mental well-being and enhancing their resilience and skills
Mechanical Properties of Casting ABS Plastic-Based Composite Reinforced by Polymer Derived Ceramic
No full textThe purpose of the research is to manufacture a composite which uses ABS plastic as matrix, and polymer derived ceramic (PDC) powder as reinforced filler. They are homogenously mixed and then casted for testing its mechanical properties. The polysilazane precursor(PSZ) is pyrolyzed at different temperatures, 700\uc2\ub0C ~ 1200\uc2\ub0C, turning the polysilazane into silicon oxycarbonitride (SiCNO) derived ceramic. The size of the SiCNO powder is about 1\uc2\ub5m ~ 10\uc2\ub5m. Different percentage of SiCNO powder is mixed with ABS plastic heated at 250\uc2\ub0C. The testing method and the size of the specimens of tensile, compression, and bending are all referring to ASTM standard. The density of 10wt.% SiCNO ceramic reinforced filler specimen pyrolyzed at 1100\uc2\ub0C is 1.1g/cm3\uef\ubcthere is a 8.3% of enhancement in comparison of pure ABS specimen.
SiCNO powders pyrolyzed at different temperatures are used as filler of specimens in tensile testing. While the pyrolyzed temperature of SiCNO powder is in a range of 700\uc2\ub0C ~ 900\uc2\ub0C , its stress and the young\ue2s modulus become higher by increasing pyrolytic temperature. The tensile stress of 10wt.% filler pyrolyzed at 1100\uc2\ub0C specimen is about 34.16MPa. There\ue2s an enhancement of 43% compares to that of the pure ABS specimen. The young\ue2s modulus of the same specimen is about 2.43GPa, the specimen holds a 42.1% of enhancement in young\ue2s modulus. The 10wt.% SiCNO ceramic reinforced filler specimen pyrolyzed at 1100\uc2\ub0C holds the highest young\ue2s modulus of 2.61GPa and a 52.6% of enhancement. The optimal toughness of composite specimen is about 538.1kN/m2 and only decreases 5.8% in comparison of pure ABS specimen, also performed by 10wt.% filler pyrolyzed at 1100\uc2\ub0C specimen.
5wt.%, 10wt.%, 20wt.%, and 30wt.% SiCNO ceramic of reinforced filler in ABS matrix pyrolyzed at 900\uc2\ub0C, 1000\uc2\ub0C, and 1100\uc2\ub0C are casted into compressive specimens. In compressive testing, the density and the young\ue2s modulus both become higher while the pyrolyzed temperature of ceramic filler gets higher. The specimen with 30wt.% filler pyrolyzed at 900\uc2\ub0C holds a young\ue2s modulus of 2.51GPa and a 34.2% of enhancement. At the 900\uc2\ub0C pyrolyzed temperature, the specimen with 5wt.% and 10wt.% PDC filler hold resilience of 531.4kN/m2 and 495 kN/m2\uef\ubcand the specimen with 20w.t% and 30wt% PDC filler hold resilience of 385.2kN/m2 and 294.6kN/m2. The result shows that the brittle-ductile transition of the composite is about 10wt.% ~ 20wt.% reinforced filler in ABS matrix. While beneath these percentages, the composite has almost the same resilience of absorbing energy and better mechanical properties compared with those of pure ABS plastic.
In bending testing, 5wt.% and 10wt.% SiCNO ceramic of reinforced filler in ABS matrix pyrolyzed at 900\uc2\ub0C, 1000\uc2\ub0C, and 1100\uc2\ub0C are casted into bending specimens. The result shows the specimen with PDC filler pyrolyzed at 900\uc2\ub0C holds the best bending strength and highest young\ue2s modulus, the bending strength increases about 7.2% and the young\ue2s modulus has an enhancement of 18.6%.
The results of the three mechanical properties testing shows that when each specimen with 10wt.% of SiCNO ceramic of reinforced filler in ABS matrix are pyrolyzed at 900\uc2\ub0C, its tensile strength is increase by 43.6%, the yield strength of the compression test is increase by 0.7%, and the strength of the bending testing is increase 7.2%. And also to compare each specimen with 10wt.% of SiCNO ceramic of reinforced filler in ABS matrix pyrolyzed at 1100\uc2\ub0C shows that the tensile strength is increase by 52.6%, the yield strength of compression is decrease by 0.4%, and the strength of bending is increase 0.8%. The results show that the SiCNO reinforced composite has the greatest tensile enhancement in three mechanical properties testing
Using Input-Output Analysis of the Domestic Manufacturing Industry to Estimate the Embedded Emissions, the Domestic Carbon Fees, and Potential Reductions under the EU\ue2s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism
No full textThis study takes a perspective from the end products and explores the impact of carbon fees regulated by \ue2Climate Change Response Act\ue2 and the European Union\ue2s \ue2Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism \uef\ubcCBAM\uef\ubc\ue2 on the manufacturing industry. Based on the carbon fee rates proposed by the Environmental Protection Administration of the Executive Yuan \uef\ubcTWD 100/tCO2e and TWD 300/tCO2e\uef\ubcand the coverage of the fees, this study uses Input-Output Analysis to estimate the embedded emissions of domestically manufactured products, the composition of embedded emissions, the amount of carbon fees, and the reductions that can be claim under the "Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism" for Taiwan\ue2s manufactured products.
The findings of this study reveal that indirect emissions account for over 50% of the embedded emissions of domestically manufactured products, indicating that imposing carbon fees on indirect emissions would have a significant impact on the manufacturing industry. Besides, when the competent authority targets "carbon-intensive industries" as the initial phase of carbon fee imposition, except for the "food, tobacco, and animal feed industry," over 80% of the embedded emissions of domestically manufactured products have been included for regulation.
According to the export statistics of Taiwan from 2018 to 2022, the highest export value affected by the CBAM is from the product category "Iron and Steel (I) - Primary Form". Currently, CBAM certificates are only imposed on the direct emissions of this product category, however, if the European Union includes indirect emissions in the calculation, the amount of CBAM certificates to be imposed would nearly double, potentially causing significant impacts. Additionally, the product category "Iron and Steel (II) - Products" ranks second in average annual export value, and approximately 90% of its embedded emissions come from indirect emissions. Although only direct emissions of this product category are currently subject to CBAM certificate requirements, including indirect emissions or the embedded emissions of input materials in the calculation may have a considerable impact on this product category.
The results of this study can serve as a reference for setting carbon fee rates in Taiwan and establishing benchmark standards for the assessment of reasonable reporting content by the government or relevant authorities in the practice of carbon fees or CBAM certificate imposition. Furthermore, before the transformation to low-carbon production technologies, the results of this study can be considered to adopt appropriate differential carbon fee rates for different industries, thereby mitigating the impact of carbon fees on the industries
An Application of Demand Planning Approach to Explore the Optimization Strategies of Supply Chain Management for a Semiconductor IDM Company
No full textLots of changes on the semiconductor in recent years are due to China-US Trade War\ue3Glocalization, COVID-19 and post-COVID. Even in the next 5 to 10 years, we will expect that people will have different requests from previous lifestyles due to variant needs on different market segments. Therefore, the supply chain management will be more complex and challenge for semiconductor companies. How to improve forecast accuracy efficiency and effectively and optimize supply chain management for the best operation management of IDM company is a worthful topic of research.
The research is from project executor point of view to investigate how to improve forecast accuracy and decrease the forecast bias via case study method in order to strengthen and increase the operation of the company. Besides, using SWOT analysis to make a suggestion of what / where / how to improve and the direction of increasing the competitiveness for the IDM company itself.
Our research result shows that there are several good achievements on revenue\ue3margin\ue3supply chain management etc. because the study company has applied the collaboration and cooperation concept for DDMRP and PLM early during the period of China-US Trade War and Glocalization. Besides, the company is the pioneer in semiconductors. Our research suggests that IDM company should deploy DDMPR and PLM not only on manufacture portion but also connect and execute the product group and each regional sales & marketing department to produce the best R&D / manufacture plan and sales / marketing promotion plan
Implementation of Software Update Rollout Problem on Unbalanced Three Phase Distribution Networks
No full textWith the increasing penetration of smart devices in power grids, concerns regarding the potential impact of control software on the system buses arise.
Additionally, the communication channel between Internet of Things (IoT) devices such as smart meters and power system operators via the internet becomes susceptible to cyber-attacks.
The increasing need for software updates in power grid systems necessitates addressing related issues and mathematical models. However, existing descriptions of software update problems mainly focus on single-phase systems, while Taiwan's distribution systems are predominantly unbalanced three-phase. This thesis aims to extend the description of the software update problem to three-phase systems to address this gap.
Specifically, this thesis suggests using OpenDSS to approximate the original three-phase distribution system as a single-phase positive sequence system. The impact of the update schedule on the actual three-phase unbalanced system is then simulated. Unexpected power injections lead to further voltage imbalance in the system.
By evaluating grid code indicators, it is confirmed that the actual unbalanced three phase system remains within the specified limits despite the impact of the update schedule. This validates the proposed approach's suitability for addressing the software update problem in three-phase systems and deriving the appropriate software update schedule