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    Beyond geometry: perspective as an expressive resource in the pictorial work of the architect Guillermo Pérez Villalta

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    [ENG] This research analyzes distortions in perspective in La Estancia (1983) by architect and painter Guillermo Pérez Villalta, comparing it to El Lavatorio (1549) by Jacopo Robusti "Tintoretto." The comparison is based on the contemporary artist's interest in the spatial manipulation of 16th- century Italian Mannerism. The study aims to identify alterations in spatial representation, assess their impact on composition, and propose an interpretation of their narrative function. A comparative approach based on graphic analysis was applied. Schemes of both paintings were created without figures to focus on spatial structure. The horizon line, vanishing points, and pavement arrangement were analyzed using geometric methods, metric point systems, and scale relationships. A corrected model of La Estancia was designed to highlight the distortions and demonstrate their intentionality. Differences in the pavement scale were identified, suggesting an inclination of the horizontal plane in La Estancia. Three vanishing point systems were detected in Villalta's work: conventional, axonometric without vanishing points, and perspective inversion. It is concluded that these alterations do not result from technical errors but rather from a narrative strategy from both a graphic and architectural perspective. This study provides a new approach to perspective analysis from an architect's viewpoint in contemporary art and its relationship with Mannerism, demonstrating that spatial distortion can serve an expressive and narrative function in architectural space, potentially applicable to digitally constructible environments. [SPA] La presente investigación examina la utilización de la perspectiva como un recurso expresivo fundamental en la pintura “La Estancia” (1983) del arquitecto y pintor contemporáneo Guillermo Pérez Villalta .(Fig.01). A través de un análisis comparativo detallado con “El Lavatorio” (1549) del pintor manierista veneciano Jacopo Tintoretto, (Fig.02), se evidencian las distorsiones de perspectiva empleadas por Pérez Villalta. La metodología se centra en el análisis gráfico exhaustivo de la organización espacial, la convergencia de líneas y la ubicación de los puntos de fuga en ambas obras. Los resultados revelan que “La Estancia” presenta un sistema de perspectiva no convencional con múltiples puntos de fuga y una inclinación del plano horizontal, lo que contrasta con la perspectiva más tradicional, aunque dinámica, de “El Lavatorio”. Se concluye que estas alteraciones de perspectiva en la obra de Villalta no son fortuitas, sino que constituyen una estrategia artística deliberada, influenciada por la manipulación espacial característica del manierismo, con el fin de potenciar las cualidades narrativas y expresivas de la pintura

    Cartographic techniques. Development of models in urban spatial growth

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    [ENG] Technological advances and the expansion of cartography with cartograms, digital models, orthophotos, satellite images, 3D representation and distribution maps are today very frequent in technical magazines, books or newspapers, where any topic or matter that occurred in a territory. Likewise, today's society is immersed in a large number of problems, mostly geographical, both physical and human, that affect space and other factors that are a consequence of the actions of the beings that inhabit the territory or in a certain city, considered as a social organism, where individual behavior and social organization govern urban evolution and development. This paper analyses the technological advances that allow the geographical representation of a given territory, in this case Guadalajara (Spain), in order to serve as support in planning and in the generation of different urban development models, the ultimate result of which involves providing answers to the spatial problems that threaten society. [SPA] Los avances tecnológicos y la expansión de la cartografía con los cartogramas, modelos digitales, ortofotos, imágenes satelitales, representación en 3D y mapas de distribución son hoy en día muy frecuentes en revistas técnicas, libros o periódicos, donde se analiza cualquier tema o asunto acontecido en un territorio. Asimismo, la sociedad actual se encuentra inmersa en una gran cantidad de problemas, mayoritariamente geográficos, tanto físicos como humanos, que afectan al espacio y a otros factores que son consecuencia de la actuación de los seres que habitan en el territorio o en una determinada ciudad, considerada ésta como un organismo social, en donde el comportamiento individual y la organización social rigen la evolución y el desarrollo urbano. En la presente comunicación se analizan los avances tecnológicos que permiten la representación geográfica de un determinado territorio, en este caso de Guadalajara (España), con el fin de que sirvan de apoyo en la planificación y en la generación de diferentes modelos de desarrollo urbanos, cuyo resultado último implique aportar respuestas ante los problemas espaciales que acechan a la sociedad

    Reflecting on the identity of the place: experimental representation of a small historic centre

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    [ENG] In the context of Palladio's Veneto landscape, where the geographical and cultural reality of the 16th century is still so evident and where Cultural Heritage and the natural landscape are in continuous dialogue, this research analyses historical traces in order to understand human-environment interaction. As part of the iNEST (Interconnected Innovation Ecosystem) project, this study focuses on the city of Piazzola sul Brenta, studying it from different points of view thanks to the interdisciplinary nature of the research context, which compares the area of design with other disciplines (psychology, urban analysis, cultural heritage). Starting from the analysis of historical maps and their superimposition with the current state, the study continues by three-dimensionally modelling the space on the basis of the survey and comparing metric data with qualitative data of different types. In fact, this small historic centre, rooted in a deep economic and cultural substratum, is the case study for an experimental analysis of the city understood as a set of multiple factors, concerned with both the physical space and the space that is perceived. A representation strategy is therefore sought that values cultural heritage and historic urban space not so much as an asset in itself but as an element immersed in a community, a holder of memory and knowledge, through which the inhabitants recognise themselves in the place. The elaborated graphic representations take into account the cultural and architectural identity that this small town holds, constantly in dialogue with the natural landscape that surrounds it and its inhabitants

    Technical and Economic Feasibility Study for Hybridization of PV Systems for Self-Consumption. Application to a Case Study

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    [SPA] Este Trabajo Fin de Grado nace en un contexto de creciente necesidad de resiliencia y sostenibilidad energética, tras fenómenos recientes como la DANA que azotó Valencia en 2024 y el apagón nacional de abril de 2025, que evidenciaron la vulnerabilidad de nuestra red eléctrica. Estos eventos, junto con el marco global de la transición energética, justifican la búsqueda de soluciones locales que combinen eficiencia, autonomía y sostenibilidad. Bajo este contexto, en este estudio se analiza la viabilidad técnico-económica de una instalación solar fotovoltaica híbrida para autoconsumo, mediante la integración de baterías e inversores híbridos con sistemas de respaldo (BackUp Box), aplicada a un edificio residencial en Cartagena. Se realiza el dimensionamiento del sistema, el diseño del esquema unifilar, la evaluación de distintos proveedores y un análisis detallado de los modos de operación (autoconsumo, vertido, respaldo). Se ha desarrollado un código en MATLAB que simula el comportamiento del sistema durante 24 horas: generación, consumo, carga/descarga de baterías, interacción con la red y estado de carga. Las gráficas obtenidas permiten visualizar el grado de autoconsumo alcanzado y la capacidad del sistema para actuar ante un corte de suministro. A nivel económico, se calculan el VAN, la TIR y el período de retorno (Payback), incorporando bonificaciones fiscales del entorno regional. Los resultados muestran una inversión rentable (TIR del 21,78 %, Payback < 5 años), lo que valida la propuesta. En conclusión, se demuestra que la hibridación de una instalación solar con almacenamiento es una alternativa real, resiliente y económicamente viable, que contribuye activamente a la transición y la seguridad energéticas local. [ENG] This Final Degree Project is framed within the growing need for enhanced energy resilience and sustainability, in light of recent events such as the DANA storm that struck Valencia in 2024 and the nationwide blackout in April 2025, which underscored the vulnerability of the current power grid. These incidents, together with the global context of the energy transition, highlight the relevance of developing local solutions that integrate efficiency, autonomy, and sustainability. In this context, the present study assesses the technical and economic feasibility of a hybrid photovoltaic self-consumption system, incorporating battery storage and hybrid inverters with backup functionality (BackUp Box), for application in a residential building located in Cartagena. The work includes the system sizing, design of the single-line diagram, evaluation of various suppliers, and an in-depth analysis of the different operating modes (self-consumption, grid feedin, and backup supply). A MATLAB-based simulation tool was developed to model the system’s performance over a 24- hour period, covering generation, load demand, battery charge/discharge cycles, grid interaction, and state of charge. The resulting plots provide a clear visualization of the self-consumption level achieved and the system’s capacity to maintain supply during grid outages. From an economic perspective, the Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Payback Period were calculated, considering regional tax incentives. The results indicate a financially attractive investment (IRR of 21.78% and Payback Period of less than 5 years), validating the proposed solution. In conclusion, the hybridization of a photovoltaic installation with energy storage is demonstrated to be a technically robust and economically viable alternative that contributes to strengthening local energy security and advancing the energy transition.Programa Encuentro TFEscuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería IndustrialUniversidad Politécnica de Cartagen

    Innovación docente en expresión gráfica: implementación de autocad civil 3d® en ingeniería civil

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    [ENG] This study examines the integration of AutoCAD Civil 3D® software in the teaching of Graphic Expression in Bachelor's Degree in Civil Engineering at the University of Seville. The goal is to enhance terrain representation and optimize students' practical training. For ten years now, AutoCAD Civil 3D® has been implemented to complement traditional hand-drawing techniques. The methodology combines manual exercises with software-based practices, facilitating the transition from theoretical concepts to digital applications. The integration of the software has improved students' understanding of topographic representation and geometric design in Civil Engineering. It has also increased their interest and proficiency in digital tools applied to real projects. The study focuses on a single software and its application within a specific curriculum, which may limit its generalization to other academic contexts. The use of AutoCAD Civil 3D® has been extended to Degree's and Master's Final Projects, promoting learning aligned with industry needs. This educational innovation enhances the teaching of Graphic Expression by incorporating current tools from the Civil Engineering field, equipping students with essential digital competencies. [SPA] Este estudio analiza la incorporación del software AutoCAD Civil 3D® en la enseñanza de la asignatura Expresión Gráfica en el Grado en Ingeniería Civil en la Universidad de Sevilla. Se busca mejorar la representación del terreno y optimizar la formación práctica de los estudiantes. Desde hace diez años, se ha implementado AutoCAD Civil 3D® para complementar la enseñanza tradicional basada en dibujo manual. La metodología incluye la combinación de ejercicios a lápiz con prácticas en software, facilitando la transición del concepto teórico a su aplicación digital. La integración del software ha permitido una mejor comprensión de la representación topográfica y del diseño geométrico en Ingeniería Civil. Los estudiantes han demostrado mayor interés y habilidad en el manejo de herramientas digitales aplicadas a proyectos reales. El estudio se ha centrado en un único software y en su aplicación dentro de un plan de estudios específico, lo que podría limitar su generalización a otras titulaciones o entornos académicos. El uso de AutoCAD Civil 3D® ha sido extendido a Trabajos Fin de Grado y de Máster, promoviendo un aprendizaje alineado con las necesidades del sector profesional. Esta innovación docente mejora la enseñanza de Expresión Gráfica, adaptándola a herramientas actuales del ámbito de la Ingeniería Civil y ofreciendo a los estudiantes competencias digitales esenciales

    Study of the vacation short-term rental market employing content and sentiment analysis techniques

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    [SPA] Introducción. El auge del turismo en la última década ha transformado profundamente el sector de los alojamientos, particularmente con el crecimiento exponencial del mercado de alquileres de corta estancia. Este fenómeno, impulsado por la economía colaborativa y plataformas P2P como Airbnb, ha redefinido el sector turístico urbano y litoral. España se sitúa a la vanguardia de esta transformación, con cifras récord de visitantes y una significativa presencia del turismo en su economía. Sin embargo, este auge también ha traído consigo desafíos como la gentrificación, el aumento del precio de la vivienda y tensiones regulatorias. Esta tesis doctoral se inserta en ese contexto, buscando aportar nuevas herramientas analíticas para comprender las dinámicas del mercado de alquileres vacacionales y ayudar a los propietarios, plataformas y clientes a mejorar la información existente relativa al servicio de alojamiento mediante técnicas novedosas de big data. Objetivos. El objetivo principal de la investigación es analizar el mercado de alquileres vacacionales de corta duración mediante técnicas de análisis de contenido y análisis de sentimiento aplicadas a datos generados por los usuarios. Específicamente, se busca: (1) comparar las evaluaciones tradicionales basadas en puntuaciones online de usuarios con aquellas derivadas del análisis textual y de sentimiento de sus reseñas, así como los aspectos que influyen en ambos tipos de evaluaciones de la experiencia de estancia vacacional (2) explorar la relación entre estas valoraciones y los precios de los alojamientos, y (3) ofrecer recomendaciones para hosts, plataformas y clientes sobre cómo mejorar la experiencia del usuario y la competitividad del sector. Metodología. Se adopta un enfoque mixto basado en big data, con técnicas de análisis semántico y de sentimiento aplicadas a reseñas de Airbnb en Madrid. Se utilizan técnicas estadísticas, junto a modelos econométricos de regresión, para estudiar las diferencias entre valoraciones del consumidor sobre la estancia turística a través de cuestionarios online y mediante análisis de contenido y sentimiento de sus reviews. La metodología aplicada permite comparar puntuaciones tradicionales en este segmento del mercado alojativo con aquellas extraídas del análisis textual, y observar si aparecen diferencias estadísticas significativas entre ambos instrumentos. Seguidamente, se utilizan las variables obtenidas del citado análisis big data para mejorar el conocimiento sobre el proceso de formación de precios y otros aspectos de la satisfacción del cliente en el mercado de alojamiento vacacional de corta duración. Hallazgos más importantes de la investigación Los resultados revelan que las métricas derivadas del análisis de sentimiento ofrecen una visión más rica y matizada de la experiencia del usuario que las puntuaciones tradicionales, a menudo sesgadas por la “vigilancia mutua”. Se observa una relación positiva entre sentimiento positivo y precios más altos, especialmente en segmentos de mercado premium. También se identifican factores contextuales —como ubicación o tipo de alojamiento— que influyen en las valoraciones y estrategias de precios. Conclusiones principales y su relevancia. La tesis demuestra que las herramientas de análisis de contenido y sentimiento representan un aporte valioso para la investigación en turismo, permitiendo mejorar la comprensión del comportamiento del consumidor y optimizar la gestión de precios. Además, proporciona recomendaciones útiles para anfitriones, usuarios, plataformas como Airbnb y responsables de políticas públicas, promoviendo un desarrollo más sostenible, competitivo y centrado en la experiencia real del usuario.[ENG] Introduction. The tourism boom over the past decade has profoundly transformed the accommodation sector, particularly with the exponential growth of the short-term rental market. This phenomenon, driven by the sharing economy and P2P platforms such as Airbnb, has redefined both urban and coastal tourism landscapes. Spain stands at the forefront of this transformation, reporting record numbers of visitors and a significant reliance on tourism within its economy. However, this rapid expansion has also brought challenges, including gentrification, rising housing prices, and regulatory tensions. This doctoral dissertation is situated within this context, aiming to contribute new analytical tools for understanding the dynamics of the vacation rental market and helping property owners, platforms, and users to enhance existing information about accommodation services through innovative big data techniques. Objectives. The primary objective of this research is to analyze the short-term vacation rental market through content analysis and sentiment analysis techniques applied to user-generated data. Specifically, the study seeks to: (1) compare traditional user evaluation methods based on online rating scores with those derived from textual and sentiment analysis of written reviews, as well as identify the key factors influencing both types of assessments of the vacation stay experience; (2) explore the relationship between these evaluations and accommodation pricing; and (3) provide actionable recommendations for hosts, platforms, and users to improve the overall user experience and competitiveness of the sector. Methodology. A mixed-methods approach based on big data is employed, combining semantic and sentiment análisis techniques applied to Airbnb reviews in Madrid. Statistical methods and econometric regression models are used to investigate differences in consumer evaluations of tourism stays, comparing results obtained from traditional online surveys with those derived from content and sentiment analysis of user reviews. This methodology allows for the comparison of conventional rating systems within this accommodation market segment with those extracted from textual analysis, highlighting statistically significant differences between the two instruments. Subsequently, variables derived from the big data analysis are used to deepen the understanding of price formation processes and other factors influencing customer satisfaction in the shortterm vacation rental market. Main Findings of the Research. The results reveal that metrics derived from sentiment analysis provide a richer and more nuanced view of the user experience than traditional ratings, which are often biased due to “mutual surveillance” dynamics. A positive relationship is observed between sentiment positivity and higher prices, especially in premium market segments. Contextual factors—such as location or type of accommodation—are also identified as influencing both user ratings and pricing strategies. Main Conclusions and Relevance. The dissertation demonstrates that content and sentiment analysis tools offer significant value to tourism research, enhancing the understanding of consumer behavior and supporting price management optimization. Additionally, it provides practical recommendations for hosts, users, platforms like Airbnb, and policymakers, promoting a more sustainable, competitive, and user-centered development of the vacation rental market.Escuela Internacional de Doctorado de la Universidad Politécnica de CartagenaUniversidad Politécnica de CartagenaPrograma de Doctorado en Ciencias Económicas, Empresariales y Jurídica

    Factores que impulsan la gestión de las relaciones con los clientes de las pymes: perspectivas de los propietarios/directivos

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    The relationship between managerial perceptions of customer relationship management (CRM) and actual CRM practices within organizations remains unclear, particularly in the context of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) operating in developing market economies. This study explores how SME owners and managers perceive CRM as it unfolds within their firms. It posits that the perceived value of relationship marketing, business systems, and stakeholder relationships are key antecedents of CRM in SMEs. A cross-sectional survey design was employed, using a self-administered questionnaire completed by 267 owners and managers of retail SMEs in South Africa. Structural equation modeling (SEM) using SmartPLS 4 was conducted to analyze the data. The findings indicate that, from the perspective of owners and managers, perceived relationship marketing value, stakeholder relationships, and business systems each have a significant effect on CRM. The study recommends that SMEs invest in stakeholder engagement and business systems that support CRM implementation, as these factors influence the effectiveness of CRM initiatives. Furthermore, the results underscore the importance of SME leaders’ perceptions in shaping CRM strategy and practice within their organizations.I extend my sincere gratitude to Prof. M.C. Cant for his guidance, support, and valuable contributions to the successful completion of this research project

    Social multi-family building "cohousing" in Cartagena

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    El presente proyecto se emplazada en la Calle Gloria en el barrio histórico de Cartagena, Monte Sacro, aprovechando la infraestructura urbana existente. Se trata de un proyecto que tiene como tema principal la vivienda social mediante la satisfacción habitacional de espacios privados y colectivos para cubrir con las necesidades y expectativas de sus residentes. Además de proporcionar una forma de vida orientada a una comunidad, lo que ayuda a fomentar una necesaria cooperación, también se hace hincapié en la sostenibilidad mediante sistemas de energía y recursos diseñados arquitectónicamente para ello, así como evitar la utilización de espacios con menor uso, por medio de espacios compartidos. A través de la realización del presente proyecto, se contribuye al desarrollo urbano para responder a las necesidades e intereses locales.Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura y EdificaciónUniversidad Politécnica de Cartagen

    New Artichoke Flours with High Content of Bioactive Compounds

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    Artichoke by-products are rich in bioactive compounds and could be valorized for use as flour. Blanching is a critical pretreatment in the production of flour from artichokes, as it helps preserve bioactive and nutritional compounds before cutting, drying and milling. However, studies on the blanching of artichoke by-products for flour production are scarce in contrast to those studies on edible artichoke parts. In this article, the effect of different blanching treatments (steam or immersion; 3–15 min) on the bioactive compounds (total phenolic content, TPC; total antioxidant capacity, TAC; and inulin) and color quality of flours of artichoke by-products (obtained after cutting, drying and milling of stems and bracts) was studied. Blanching treatments induced increases in TPC, TAC and inulin, although those increments varied greatly depending on the treatment type and artichoke part. In particular, steaming (15 min) induced the highest TPC increment in artichoke hearts and stems (94 and 46%, respectively); TAC increment in hearts, stems and bracts (987, 1107 and 1660%, respectively); and inulin increment in hearts and stems (106 and 14%, respectively). Steaming (3 min) induced the highest inulin increment in bracts (40%). Immersion (15 min) induced the highest TPC increment in bracts (632%). In addition, the short blanching treatment (3 min) was not enough to inactivate browning enzymes with browning index values of 75, 52 and 67, which were similar, or even higher, to control samples (unblanched). In conclusion, steam blanching for 15 and 3 min induced the highest bioactive contents in stems and hearts and inulin and TAC contents in bracts.This work was supported by the grant ALICHAR CPP2022-009740, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ and by the “European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR”

    Navegación segura y privacidad (nivel A1)

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    Unidad introductoria nivel A1 sobre navegación segura y privacidad. Explica conceptos básicos (HTTP/HTTPS, URL, navegador, servidores), riesgos frecuentes (malware, interceptación, descargas no confiables) y recomendaciones prácticas (actualizaciones, verificación HTTPS, antivirus, gestores de contraseñas, enlaces sospechosos). Incluye actividades interactivas, imágenes y referencias de INCIBE y CCN-CERT para afianzar conocimientos

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