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Follower Emotional Intelligence: A Mediator between Transformational Leadership and Follower Outcomes
Get PDFPurpose:The purpose of this paper is to understand the impact of transformational leadership on Follower EI and examine the potential mediation role played by follower emotional intelligence in the relationship between transformational leadership and follower outcomes (i.e. growth satisfaction in the job & job stress).
Design:Data were obtained through survey using questionnaire collected from 908 employees who worked across six different sectors, i.e. manufacturing, IT, health care, hospitality, educational and public services in southern India. The mediation model proposed in this study was tested using structural equation modelling and bootstrapping method.
Findings :The relationship between TL and Follower EI was significant. Follower emotional intelligence (EI) was found to partially mediate the relationship between transformational leadership and followers' growth satisfaction in job. Contrary to expectations, the follower EI did not significantly predict job stress in this study and hence the follower EI did not mediate in the proposed model. However, follower EI and growth satisfaction in the job jointly mediated the relationship between transformational leadership and follower job stress fully.
Implications :This study established a partial and joint mediation of follower EI on the relationship between transformational leadership and follower outcomes. Basing on these findings, this study highlights the need for the practitioners to better understand the importance of emotional intelligence training for the leaders in the organisations for obtaining better outcomes in the followers.
Originality/Value:This study is among the first to examine the impact of TL on follower EI and the potential mediation of follower emotional intelligence between transformational leadership and follower outcomes. From a theoretical perspective, this study is one step closer to fully understand the intervening process between transformational leadership and follower outcomes
Observation, evaluation and coaching: the local orderliness of ‘seeing’ performance
Get PDFInspired by ethnomethodological attention to social order, the aim of this paper was to examine the visible, tangible and contextual details of how coaches’ observations, or what coaches actually see, are accomplished in practice. Drawing upon examples from a season long ethnomethodologically informed ethnographic investigation of a semi-professional football club, the paper positions coach observation, not as a visual perception, but as a locally organised achievement of the individuals involved. In doing so, attention is paid to the details of observations constructed in, through and by coaches, assistants and players. The paper concludes with some tentative recommendations for related progressive practice
Monitoring the Climate: Exploring the Psychological Environment in an Elite Soccer Academy
Get PDFFostering a constructive motivational climate is an important contributor to an individual’s motivation (Ames, 1992a), yet research within elite sport remains limited. The purpose of this study was to utilise the task, authority, recognition, grouping, evaluation, and time (TARGET) framework to explore the motivational climate in an elite youth football academy. Sixty-four academy training sessions were observed. Findings suggested that the task, authority, recognition, and evaluation structures are most important in predicting a mastery motivational climate. Task organisation parameters and coach behaviours influential in promoting adaptive and less adaptive psychological environments are discussed
Additively manufactured versus conventionally pressed cranioplasty implants: An accuracy comparison
Get PDFThis article compared the accuracy of producing patient-specific cranioplasty implants using four different approaches. Benchmark geometry was designed to represent a cranium and a defect added simulating a craniectomy. An ‘ideal’ contour reconstruction was calculated and compared against reconstructions resulting from the four approaches –‘conventional’, ‘semi-digital’, ‘digital – non-automated’ and ‘digital – semi-automated’. The ‘conventional’ approach relied on hand carving a reconstruction, turning this into a press tool, and pressing titanium sheet. This approach is common in the UK National Health Service. The ‘semi-digital’ approach removed the hand-carving element. Both of the ‘digital’ approaches utilised additive manufacturing to produce the end-use implant. The geometries were designed using a non-specialised computer-aided design software and a semi-automated cranioplasty implant-specific computer-aided design software. It was found that all plates were clinically acceptable and that the digitally designed and additive manufacturing plates were as accurate as the conventional implants. There were no significant differences between the additive manufacturing plates designed using non-specialised computer-aided design software and those designed using the semi-automated tool. The semi-automated software and additive manufacturing production process were capable of producing cranioplasty implants of similar accuracy to multi-purpose software and additive manufacturing, and both were more accurate than handmade implants. The difference was not of clinical significance, demonstrating that the accuracy of additive manufacturing cranioplasty implants meets current best practice
A New Direction to Athletic Performance: Understanding the Acute and Longitudinal Responses to Backward Running
Get PDFBackward running (BR) is a form of locomotion that occurs in short bursts during many overground field and court sports. It has also traditionally been used in clinical settings as a method to rehabilitate lower body injuries. Comparisons between BR and forward running (FR) have led to the discovery that both may be generated by the same neural circuitry. Comparisons of the acute responses to FR reveal that BR is characterised by a smaller ratio of braking to propulsive forces, increased step frequency, decreased step length, increased muscle activity and reliance on isometric and concentric muscle actions. These biomechanical differences have been critical in informing recent scientific explorations which have discovered that BR can be used as a method for reducing injury and improving a variety of physical attributes deemed advantageous to sports performance. This includes improved lower body strength and power, decreased injury prevalence and improvements in change of direction performance following BR training. The current findings from research help improve our understanding of BR biomechanics and provide evidence which supports BR as a useful method to improve athlete performance. However, further acute and longitudinal research is needed to better understand the utility of BR in athletic performance programs
Integrating models of long-term athletic development to maximize the physical development of youth
No full textLong-term athletic development is important to prepare youth for sport and an active lifestyle. Several models have provided general frameworks for long-term athletic development from different perspectives that consider factors such as when to sample and specialize and what physical qualities to train and when. More recently, more specific models of long-term athletic development have emerged that focus on both specific modes of training and specific fitness qualities. This includes models focused on the development of speed, agility, power, and endurance as well as models devoted to resistance training, plyometric training, and weightlifting. These models incorporate factors such as technical competency, developmental stage, maturation, and training age to describe the long-term progression of athletic development. A challenge for the coach is to understand how these models inform one another and how they integrate into practice to allow the use of multiple modes of training to develop multiple components of fitness simultaneously throughout childhood and adolescence. This review will examine how information from various models can be integrated to maximize the physical long-term athletic development of youth
Sprint-Specific Training in Youth: Backward Running vs. Forward Running Training on Speed and Power Measures in Adolescent Male Athletes
Get PDFThis study compared the effects of 2 sprint-specific training programs against the natural development of speed, power, and stiffness in a group of adolescent male athletes. Forty-three male adolescents (aged 13–15 years) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 training groups; backward running training (BRT = 26), or forward running training (FRT = 17). A physical education class (n = 24) of similar age constituted a control (CON) group. Both training groups performed running sessions matched for distance and intensity biweekly for 8 weeks. Parametric and magnitude-based inferences were used to analyze within group (pre-post measures) and between group (gain scores) for 10-m, 10- to 20-m, and 20-m sprint times, vertical countermovement jump (CMJ) height, and vertical leg stiffness. Both running groups significantly improved (p ≤ 0.05) in all performance tests from pre-training to post-training, with effect sizes ranging from −1.25 to 0.63. When the groups were compared, the BRT and FRT groups improved significantly (p ≤ 0.01) on all sprint performances and stiffness relative to the CON group. The BRT group demonstrated favorable effects for 10-m and 20-m sprint performances (effect size [ES] = −0.47 and −0.26, respectively) and CMJ height (ES = 0.51) compared with the FRT group. These results demonstrate that forward and backward sprint-specific training programs enhance speed and power measures more than natural development in adolescent male athletes. Furthermore, the greater training responses in sprint performance and CMJ ability indicate that BRT is a useful tool for improving concentric strength and power and may be classified as a sprint-specific training method
The challenge of enterprise/innovation: a case study of a modern university
Get PDFIn the prevailing economic and political climate for Higher Education a greater emphasis has been placed on diversifying the funding base. The present study was undertaken between 2012 and 2014 and addressed the implementation of an approach to the transformation of one academic school in a medium-sized modern university in Wales to a more engaged enterprise culture. A multimethod investigation included a bi-lingual (English and Welsh) online survey of academic staff and yielded a 71% response rate (n = 45). The findings informed a series of in-depth interviews (n = 24) with a representative sample of those involved in enterprise work (support staff, managers, senior managers), and those who were not. The results provided the platform for the ‘S4E model’ for effective engagement with enterprise: (1) Strategic significance for Enterprise, (2) Support for Enterprise, (3) Synergy for Enterprise, and (4) Success for Enterprise. The outcomes of the research and the recommendations from it have potential to inform practice in other academic schools within the university and, in a wider context, within other Schools of Education regionally, nationally and internationally. Its original empirical exploration of enterprise within education studies is a significant contribution to that body of knowledge
The use of the arts to encourage reflection in the dental professions — A commentary
Get PDFReflective practice is viewed internationally as an important activity within the dental professions and one which the General Dental Council expects to be part of all dental technician programmes in the United Kingdom (UK), irrespective of academic level. Informal discussions with colleagues delivering dental technology in UK higher education institutions agree that reflective practice is an important aspect of the curriculum, and learning is facilitated and assessed using various methods, for example, an online portfolio. Anecdotally, many of the current methods are shown to be ineffective, with up to fifty percent of students not meeting the reflective component. In the dental professions, consideration needs to be given to the use of creative methods to support reflective practice, in order to engage learners and contribute to the development of knowledge, skills and attitudes in this student group
The Role of PETE in Developing and Sustaining Physical Literacy Informed Practitioners
Get PDFThis paper discusses teacher preparation in relation to encouraging and empowering future teachers to appreciate the potential and value of adopting physical literacy as the goal of PE. The paper addresses the issue of the role of schools and teacher training programs in developing the next generation of PE teachers entering PE Teacher Education (PETE) with respect to thoughts, feelings, perceptions, and beliefs that underpin the concept of physical literacy, and providing high quality learning experiences that are crucial to continuing physical activity throughout the life course for all children, not just those that have a natural aptitude in this area. Many advocates for radical change in physical education have repeatedly argued that physical education curricula around the world are too focused on a traditional, one size fits all, sport technique based, multi-activity form. Others have argued that the traditional curricula have a primary focus on physical competence in running, jumping, and balls skills rather than providing experience in a wide range of physical activities including, inter alia, those with a focus on aesthetic awareness and those related to outdoor adventure