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Corrigendum to “A peptide derived from the core beta-sheet region region of TIRAP decoys TLR4 and reduces inflammatory and autoimmune symptoms in murine models” [eBioMedicine 52 (2020) 102645]
No full textEvaluation of acute kidney injury in preterm infants using serum creatinine decline in comparison with KDIGO criteria
No full textBACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is commonly observed in critically ill neonates; however, early identification of AKI in the first week of life is challenging due to the influence of maternal serum creatinine (SCr). An alternative criterion proposed by Gupta et al. based on SCr decline may identify additional infants at risk beyond the KDIGO definition. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 409 infants with a gestational age < 32 weeks who were admitted to our NICU between 2018 and 2024. AKI was defined according to the KDIGO guidelines or the Gupta threshold for days 3, 5, or 7 SCr. We compared mortality, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and length of hospital stay among the No-AKI, Gupta-only AKI, and KDIGO-AKI groups. RESULTS: Among 409 infants, 145 (35.5%) had Gupta-only AKI, 9 (2.2%) had KDIGO-only AKI, and 54 (13.2%) had both definitions. The infants with AKI were premature and had lower birth weights than those without AKI. Both AKI groups showed higher rates of composite outcomes (mortality or BPD) than the No-AKI (p < 0.001) group. Gupta-only AKI was associated with prolonged stay (+ 10.1 days, p = 0.01) and increased odds of BPD (adjusted OR 2.12, p = 0.023), while KDIGO-AKI had a stronger association with mortality (27.0%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The Gupta definition identified a substantial subset of highly preterm infants at a higher risk of adverse outcomes who were missed using the KDIGO criteria. Integrating SCr level decline-based methods may improve early AKI detection and enhance outcomes in this vulnerable population
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and risk of incident dementia: a distributed network analysis using common data models
No full textBACKGROUND: The link between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and dementia risk is poorly understood, with conflicting evidence on the role of LDL-C and the impact of statin therapy on cognitive outcomes. Thus, we aimed to examine the association between low-density LDL-C levels and the risk of dementia and assess the influence of statin therapy. METHODS: We retrospectively analysed data from 11 university hospitals participating in the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) Common Data Model (CDM). Participants with a prior diagnosis of dementia or those with <180 days of observation before cohort inclusion, and those included in both cohorts were excluded. The primary outcome was all-cause dementia, with the secondary outcome being Alzheimer's disease-related dementia (ADRD). The study utilised 1:1 propensity score matching to compare individuals with LDL-C levels below 70 mg/dL (1.8 mmol/L) against those with levels above 130 mg/dL (3.4 mmol/L), resulting in a primary analysis cohort of 108 980 matched patients. Secondary analyses further examined LDL-C thresholds below 55 mg/dL (1.4 mmol/L) and the influence of statin use. RESULTS: The LDL-C levels below 70 mg/dL (1.8 mmol/L) were associated with a 26% reduction in the risk of all-cause dementia and a 28% reduction in the risk of ADRD, compared with levels above 130 mg/dL (3.4 mmol/L). For LDL-C levels below 55 mg/dL (1.4 mmol/L), there was an 18% risk reduction for both outcomes. Among those with LDL-C <70 mg/dL (<1.8 mmol/L), statin use was associated with a 13% reduction in all-cause dementia risk and a 12% decrease in ADRD risk compared with non-users. CONCLUSION: Low LDL-C levels (<70 mg/dL (<1.8 mmol/L)) are significantly associated with a reduced risk of dementia, including ADRD, with statin therapy providing additional protective effects. These findings support the necessity of targeted lipid management as a preventive strategy against dementia, indicating the importance of personalised treatment approaches
체외막산소요법을 적용한 중환자실 환자의 말초혈액순환장애에 관한 연구
No full textMasterⅠ. 서론 1
A. 연구의 필요성 1
B. 연구의 목적 4
C. 용어의 정의 5
Ⅱ. 문헌고찰 7
A. 체외막산소요법과 말초혈액순환 장애 7
B. 체외막산소요법을 적용한 환자의 말초혈액순환장애관련요인 10
Ⅲ. 연구방법 12
A. 연구설계 12
B. 연구대상 13
C. 연구도구 14
D. 자료수집방법 16
E. 자료분석방법 17
F. 윤리적고려 18
Ⅳ. 연구결과 19
A. 대상자의 말초혈액순환장애 발생률 19
B . 대 상 자 의 말 초 혈 액 순 환 장 애 유무 에 따른 일 반 적 특성의 차이 20
C . 대 상 자 의 말 초 혈 액 순 환 장 애 유무 에 따른 임 상 적 특성의 차이 22
D . 대상자의 말초혈액순환장애 유무에 따른 간호관련 특성의 차이 26
Ⅴ.논의 27
Ⅵ.결론 및 제언 33
A. 결론 33
B. 연구의 제한점 및 제언 34
참고문헌 35
Abstract 4
By interfering with the NOX4-p22phox interaction, Mitocelle may become a new strategy as a treatment for osteoarthritis associated with dysfunctional mitochondria.
No full textDoctorI. Introduction 1
1. Osteoarthritis 1
2. Treatment of osteoarthritis 2
3. Mitochondrial dysfunction in osteoarthritis 3
4. NOX4 induced ROS production and mitochondrial dysfunction 5
5. Nanozyme and Mitocelle 6
6. Aim of this study 8
II. Material and Methods 10
Reagents 10
Preparation and characterization of Mitocelle 10
Primary mouse chondrocyte culture 11
Cell viability 12
RT-PCR and qRT-PCR 13
Western blotting 14
PGE2 assay 15
Collagenase activity 15
Detection of ROS 16
Mitochondrial staining 16
Fluorescence spectroscopy and FRET imaging 17
Human OA cartilage 18
Experimental post-traumatic OA mouse model and intra-articular injection 20
Safranin-O staining 21
Immunohistochemistry staining 21
H&E staining 22
Biodistribution assay 22
Fluorescence analysis of cartilage explants, chondrocytes, and cartilage tissue 23
Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) 24
Protein microarray 24
Statistical analysis 25
III. Results 26
Design, and characterization of Mitocelle 26
The targeting of Mitocelle for NOX4-regulated dysfunctional mitochondria 32
The depletion of NOX4 protects OA development 40
Penetration and retention of Mitocelle in mouse cartilage 45
Therapeutic effects of Mitocelle under OA-mimicking conditions in vitro 52
Protective Effects of intra-articular injection of Mitocelle in post-traumatic OA 55
Molecular mechanism of Mitocelle in decreasing catabolic factor expression 63
IV. Discussion 69
V. Conclusion 74
VI. Reference 76
국문 초록 9
알츠하이머 치매 환자 유래 섬유아세포를 활용한 소포체 스트레스 관련 바이오마커 발굴 및 전사체 분석
No full textMasterI. INTRODUCTION 1
A. Alzheimer's disease 1
B. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress 2
C. Advantages of using fibroblast for neurodegenerative disease modeling 2
D. Ex vivo disease modeling platform using patient-derived fibroblast 3
E. Aims 4
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS 5
A. Study participants 5
B. Cell cultures 7
C. Experimental scheme and thapsigargin treatments 9
D. RNA sequencing and data normalization 9
E. Differentially expressed genes analysis 10
F. Knockdown of DCTN2 11
G. Western blot analysis 12
H. Cell viability assay 12
I. Flow cytometry analysis 13
J. Ex vivo iPSC-derived microglia differentiation 14
K. Immunocytochemistry and imaging 15
L. Statistical analysis 16
III. RESULTS 17
III-1. Demographic characteristics of study participants 17
III-2. Dermal fibroblasts derived from patients with AD exhibit a cholesterol biosynthetic gene expression profile in response to ER stress 21
III-3. Identification of potential biomarkers of dermal fibroblasts derived from patients with AD under ER stress 26
III-4. Association of DCTN2 fold change induced by ER stress with clinical and biomarker characteristics 29
III-5. DCTN2 knockdown modulates cell viability in astrocyte and microglia cell lines 31
III-6. DCTN2 knockdown modulates early apoptosis in astrocyte cell lines 33
III-7. Establishing iPSC-derived microglia in ex vivo disease modeling 35
III-8. Validating iPSC-derived microglia with marker expression 37
IV. DISCUSSION 41
V. CONCLUSSION 47
REFERENCES 48
국문요약 5
OMOP-CDM ETL(Extract, Transform, Load) semi-automation Using Large Language Models
No full textDoctorI. INTRODUCTION 1
A. BACKGROUND 1
1. OMOP-CDM AND CHALLENGES IN STANDARDIZATION 1
2. TRADITIONAL ETL METHODS AND CHALLENGES 4
3. LARGE LANGUAGE MODELS (LLMS) IN DATA STANDARDIZATION 9
B. OBJECTIVES 12
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS 14
A. DATA SOURCES 14
B. OVERALL PROCESS 18
C. LARGE LANGUAGE MODELS 21
D. DESIGN 27
E. CODE MAPPING 30
F. IMPLEMENTING 42
G. QUALITY CONTROL 46
III. RESULTS 48
A. DESIGN 48
B. CODE MAPPING 55
C. IMPLEMENTING 67
D. QUALITY CONTROL 71
IV. DISCUSSION 74
A. MAIN FINDINGS 74
B. DESIGN 75
C. CODE MAPPING 76
D. IMPLEMENTING 77
E. QUALITY CONTROL 78
F. LIMITATIONS 79
V. CONCLUSION 8
Ultrasensitive Ultrasoft Buckled Crack-Based Sensor for Respiration Measurement and Enhanced Human–Machine Interface
No full textWearable strain sensors have transformed the real-time monitoring of health conditions and human–machine interactions. However, recently developed wearable strain sensors exhibit several limitations. For example, when a sensor is designed with high sensitivity to detect strain, it struggles to accurately measuring the deformation of low-stiffness materials like skin. Additionally, finding the optimal balance between sensitivity, durability, hysteresis, and strain range in sensor design is challenging. To address these challenges, a Buckled, Ultrasoft, Crack-based, Large strain, EpiDermal (BUCKLED) sensor is developed. This sensor integrates the benefits of soft structure engineering with high sensitivity of crack-based sensing mechanisms to ensure optimal skin deformation measurements. The BUCKLED sensor exhibits significant improvements in compliance (18 500 mm N−1), stretchability (100%), hysteresis (2%), durability (10 000 cycles with 100% strain), and force sensitivity ((Formula presented.)) owing to its buckled shape, confirming its ability to detect subtle movements with enhanced accuracy. The sensor's high compliance allows it to accurately measure low-stiffness objects, ensuring reliable performance. Furthermore, the sensor's tunability is demonstrating its effectiveness in applications such as respiratory monitoring, facial expression recognition, and silent speech interfaces. Consequently, the proposed sensor is versatile and holds great potential for a wide range of sensing applications
Efficacy and safety of central parenteral nutrition with a 1:1 ratio of n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in postsurgical gastric cancer patients: A pilot randomized controlled trial
No full textBackground: N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been reported to exert clinical benefits including anti-inflammatory effects, immune modulation, and improved postoperative recovery. This study aimed to investigate the effects of central parenteral nutrition (CPN) with a 1:1 ratio of n-3/n-6 PUFAs on postoperative morbidity and lipid profile in gastric cancer patients undergoing gastrectomy. Methods: Sixty gastric cancer patients undergoing elective gastrectomy were randomly assigned to the experimental (n=31) and control (n=29) groups. The experimental group received CPN with a 1:1 ratio of n-3/n-6 PUFAs and taurine during the postoperative nil-per-os period (days 1–3), while the control group received CPN with a 1:2 ratio of n-3/n-6 PUFAs. Adverse drug reactions, overall adverse events, nitrogen balance, inflammatory indicators (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α), nutrition parameters (hemoglobin, total protein, albumin, prealbumin, transferrin), and fatty acid parameters (linoleic acid [LA, n-6], arachidonic acid [n-6], eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA, n-3], docosahexaenoic acid [DHA, n-3]) were compared. Results: No adverse drug reactions were observed in either group. Overall adverse event rates were similar between the groups. No significant differences were observed between the groups in changes in nutritional indicators or inflammatory markers. While the experimental group showed a trend toward improvement in nitrogen balance compared to the control group (0.63±2.37 vs. -1.24±4.57 g/day), this difference did not remain statistically significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Among the measured fatty acids, only the increase in EPA levels reached statistical significance after correction (57.50±31.45 μg/mL vs. 35.79±14.94 μg/mL, P<0.001). Increases in DHA levels and attenuation of LA increase showed favorable trends in the experimental group but were not statistically significant when accounting for multiple testing. Conclusion: Parenteral nutrition with a 1:1 ratio of n-3/n-6 PUFAs appears to be safe and may help modify fatty acid profiles in postoperative gastric cancer patients. Further large-scale studies are needed to validate these findings and evaluate their clinical significance. Trial registration number and date: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05299099); March 28, 2022
Expert survey on systemic therapy indications for hepatocellular carcinoma in Korea: bridging clinical practice and reimbursement criteria
No full textThis survey aimed to collect expert opinions from multidisciplinary specialists involved in the management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Korea regarding real-world criteria for systemic therapy indications. In response to discrepancies between national reimbursement policies and clinical decision-making, members of the Korean Liver Cancer Association and Korean Association for the Study of the Liver participated in a web-based survey from February 4 to 14, 2025. A total of 89 respondents, primarily experienced clinicians, provided their views on major clinical scenarios including infiltrative HCC, bilobar multifocal disease, huge tumors, vascular invasion, extrahepatic metastasis, and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) refractoriness. There was high agreement for including infiltrative HCC (69.7%), suspected portal vein invasion (70.8%), and TACE refractoriness (82.0%) as systemic therapy indications. TACE refractoriness, in particular, aligns with current guideline definitions. Additionally, over half of respondents (51.7%) supported extrahepatic metastasis under similar conditions. Notably, multidisciplinary discussion was emphasized across scenarios, but many respondents also favored allowing primary physician discretion in select cases. This report provides consolidated expert input to inform future updates to reimbursement policies and promote alignment with real-world clinical practice. These findings may help bridge the gap between national coverage criteria and clinical decision in systemic therapy for HCC