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맨드라미 꽃 추출물의 항 비만 효과에 관한 연구
No full textDoctorI. Introduction 1
II. Materials and Methods 8
1. Collection of Celosia cristata (CC) flower, extract preparation and Kaempferol (KMP) identification 8
2. Cell culture, induction, and CC treatment 8
3. Oil Red O (ORO) staining and quantification 10
4. Total RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) 10
5. Triglyceride (TG) and glycerol assay 13
6. Cell viability assay 13
7. In vivo experiments 14
7.1. First cohort of mice experiment 15
7.2. Second cohort of mice experiment 15
7.3. Third cohort of mice experiment 16
8. Metabolic cage analysis 20
9. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) 20
10. Histology of liver and epididymal adipose tissue, and quantification 21
11. Biochemistry of obesity and obesity–related liver inflammation indicators 22
12. Statistical analyses 22
III. Results 23
1. CC prevents adipocyte differentiation by inhibiting adipogenesis and enhancing lipolysis factors in mouse pre-adipocytes 3T3-L1 cells 23
2. CC prevents adipocyte differentiation by inhibiting adipogenesis and enhancing lipolysis in mouse primary adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) 28
3. CC does not affect cellular viability 32
4. Kaempferol (KMP) isolated from CC total extract prevents adipocyte differentiation by inhibiting adipogenesis in mouse pre-adipocytes 3T3-L1 cells 34
5. Pre-administration of CC showed anti-obesity effect in HFD-induced obese mice model 41
5.1. Pre-administration of CC inhibits body weight gain 41
5.2. Pre-administration of CC ameliorated intra-hepatic lipid accumulation and adipocyte hypertrophy 43
5.3. Pre-administration of CC down-regulate adipogenic and up-regulate lipolysis factors at mRNA levels in epididymal adipose tissue 46
5.4. Pre-administration of CC ameliorates blood plasma lipid profiles and liver inflammation markers 48
5.5. Pre-administration of CC improved glucose utilization and insulin sensitivity 50
5.6. Pre-administration of CC improved metabolic parameters along with enhancement of mitochondrial activities associated markers 54
6. Post-administration of CC showed anti-obesity effect in HFD–induced obese mice model 59
6.1. Post–administration of CC protects mice from body weight gain 59
6.2. Post–administration of CC decreased intra–hepatic lipid presence and adipocyte hypertrophy in adipose tissue 61
6.3. Post–administration of CC decreased adipogenic and increased lipolysis related genes in epididymal adipose tissue 64
6.4. Post–administration of CC improved blood plasma lipid profiles and liver inflammation related markers 66
7. Post–administration of CC along with normal diet (ND) intervention showed anti-obesity effect in HFD–induced obese mice model 68
7.1. Post-administration of CC along with normal diet (ND) intervention in HFD-induced obese mice inhibits body weight gain 68
7.2. Post-administration of CC with normal diet (ND) intervention in HFD-induced mice obese reduced intra-hepatic lipid accumulation a nd adipocyte hypertrophy 71
7.3. Post-administration of CC with normal diet (ND) intervention in HFD–induced obese mice reduce adipogenic and increase lipolysis re lated genetic factors 74
7.4. Post-administration of CC with normal diet (ND) intervention in HFD–induced obese mice improve plasma lipid profiles and liver enz yme markers 76
8. CC did not affect mice feed intake 78
9. CC is safe in vivo 80
IV. Discussion 82
V. Conclusions 91
VI. References 9
인터넷을 이용하는 노인의 e-헬스리터러시 영향요인
No full textMasterⅠ 서론 1
A 연구의 필요성 1
B 연구목적 5
C 용어의 정의 6
Ⅱ 문헌고찰 9
A 노인의 e-헬스리터러시 9
B e-헬스리터러시 영향요인 12
Ⅲ 연구방법 19
A 연구설계 19
B 연구대상 19
C 연구도구 19
D 자료수집방법 22
E 윤리적 고려 22
F 자료분석방법 23
Ⅳ 연구결과 24
A 대상자의 일반적 특성 24
B 대상자의 디지털활용효능감, 노화인식, 사회적 지지, e-헬스리터러시 26
C 대상자의 e-헬스리터러시 문항별 수준 28
D 대상자의 일반적 특성에 따른 e-헬스리터러시 차이 30
E 대상자의 디지털활용효능감, 노화인식, 사회적 지지, e-헬스리터러시간의 관계 32
F 대상자의 e-헬스리터러시에 영향을 미치는 요인 34
Ⅴ 논의 36
A 인터넷을 이용하는 노인의 디지털활용효능감, 노화인식, 사회적 지지, e-헬스리터러시 36
B 인터넷을 이용하는 노인의 e-헬스리터러시 영향요인 41
C 연구의 제한점 및 의의 43
Ⅵ 결론 및 제언 44
참고문헌 46
부 록 58
ABSTRACT 6
황색포도상구균에 감염된 Keratinocyte 에서의 IL-1β 및 TNF-α 조절을 통한 액상 플라즈마의 상처 치유 촉진
No full textMasterⅠ. 서론 1
Ⅱ. 재료 및 방법 4
A. Cell culture 4
B. Cell viability assay 4
C. Bacterial culture and stimulation of HaCaT cells by S.aureus 5
D. Real-Time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) 6
E. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) 7
F. Colony polymerase chain reaction (Colony PCR) 7
G. Antibacterial activity assay 8
H. Biofilm formation assay 8
I. Western blot analysis 9
J. Cell migration assay 9
K. Statistical analysis 10
Ⅲ. 결과 11
1. 액상 플라즈마에 의한 HaCaT 세포 독성 여부 11
2. Staphylococcus aureus에 대한 액상 플라즈마의 항균, 항바이오필름 효과 13
3. Staphylococcus aureus에 의해 유도된 염증반응에 대한 액상 플라즈마의 항염증 효과 16
4. 액상 플라즈마에 의해 박테리아 감염에서 저해된 세포 이동 회복 19
Ⅳ. 고찰 22
Ⅴ. 결론 24
Ⅵ. 참고문헌 26
Abstract 3
Impact of A1 segment asymmetry on hemodynamic conditions around the circle of Willis and anterior communicating artery aneurysm formation
No full textBackground: This study aims to investigate how A1 segment asymmetry—also known as A1 dominancy—influences the development of the anterior communicating artery aneurysm (AcomA) as it affects hemodynamic conditions within the circle of Willis (COW). Using time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (TOF-MRA), the research introduces a novel approach to assessing shear stress in A1 segments to uncover the hemodynamic factors contributing to AcomA formation. Method: An observational study was conducted over 6 years at a tertiary university hospital’s outpatient clinic. Recruited patients who underwent TOF-MRA imaging were divided into AcomA and non-AcomA groups. MRA images were analyzed using semi-automatic software (VINT, Mediimg, Inc.) to calculate the signal intensity gradient (SIG), which reflects wall shear stress. The comparison metrics included general demographics, anatomical characteristics, and hemodynamic attributes of the COW, mainly focusing on A1 segment asymmetry. Results: Among the 700 subjects, 106 were categorized into the AcomA group, while 594 were placed in the non-AcomA group. The AcomA group showed a more significant difference in the bilateral A1 diameter (49.0% vs. 20.8%, p < 0.001) and a greater prevalence of unilateral A1 aplasia (32.1% vs. 6.7%, p < 0.001) compared to the non-AcomA group. Increased bilateral A1 asymmetry in the AcomA group corresponded with notable variations in A1 SIG, indicating increased wall shear stress. The occurrence of AcomA is associated with both anatomical factors of the circle of Willis, represented by the bilateral A1 diameter ratio, and hemodynamic factors, represented by the bilateral A1 SIG ratio, suggesting that both factors are almost equally significant. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that A1 segment asymmetry influences hemodynamic changes within the COW, contributing to AcomA formation. Hemodynamic factors provide an intuitive understanding of how anatomical characteristics within the COW can lead to aneurysm development
The Importance of Bright Spotty Lesions on Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Predicting Chronic Neuropathic Pain in Myelitis
No full textBackground/Objectives: Chronic neuropathic pain (CNP) stands as one of the most debilitating complications in patients with myelitis owing to its challenging management. Bright spotty lesions (BSLs) are frequently observed in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), but few reports have discussed CNP in myelitis. We aim to demonstrate that BSLs could be one of the potential prognostic factors for CNP development in myelitis. Methods: We examined 63 patients diagnosed with myelitis. Patients were categorized into CNP and non-CNP groups. We assessed the severity of clinical symptoms and the oral steroid dose administered after pulse therapy. Spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of each patient was reviewed to analyze the characteristics of myelitis. Serological and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings were also examined to confirm the etiology. Results: CNP was observed in 27 patients (42.9%). The mean onset age of patients with CNP was 45.26 ± 14.16 years. The MRI lesions exhibited more enhanced features and bright spotty lesions (BSLs) in the CNP group (χ2 test, p < 0.05). Patients with CNP received a lower oral steroid dose during the first month after symptom onset (χ2 test, p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that patients with CNP exhibited significant BSLs in their myelitis lesions on spine MRI (OR 4.965; 95% CI, 1.282 to 19.235, p = 0.02). Conclusions: Although the exact mechanism remains unknown, the presence of BSLs on spine MRI could serve as an independent prognostic factor for CNP development. Additionally, our study suggests that lower oral steroid doses administered immediately after symptom onset are associated with CNP development. Further investigation with a larger cohort is warranted to validate our findings
Neurogenic pulmonary edema and Takotsubo cardiomyopathy in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
No full textMaster1. Introduction 1
2. Method 2
A. Patient population 2
B. Clinical outcome 3
C. Radiological outcome 4
D. Statistical analysis 5
3. Results 5
A. Demographics 5
B. NPE-TCM with SAH 6
C. Correlating factors 6
4. Discussion 6
A. Limitations 11
5. Conclusion 12
6. Statements and Declarations 13
7. References 1
Efficacy of ursodeoxycholic acid for bile reflux after distal gastrectomy in patients with gastric cancer: a secondary analysis of the PEGASUS-D randomized clinical trial
No full textBACKGROUND: Few studies have been conducted on the prevention of bile reflux in gastric cancer patients who have undergone gastrectomy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in preventing bile reflux after gastrectomy in patients with gastric cancer. METHODS: This study was a secondary analysis of the PEGASUS-D trial, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Adults with a diagnosis of gastric cancer who underwent gastrectomy were enrolled. Eligible participants were randomly assigned to receive 300 mg of UDCA, 600 mg of UDCA, or placebo at a ratio of 1:1:1. UDCA and placebo were administered daily for 52 weeks. The primary outcomes included bile reflux symptoms at each time point, the percentage of participants with bile reflux, and the grade of gastritis. RESULTS: Among 521 participants who underwent randomization, 151, 164, and 150 participants were analyzed from the 300 mg UDCA, 600 mg UDCA, and placebo groups, respectively. The difference in symptoms between the three groups was not significant. Bile reflux was less evident in the UDCA group than in the placebo group; however, this difference was significant only in the 300 mg group at 12 months postoperation (odds ratio, 0.44; P =0.0076). A significant reduction in gastritis was also observed in the 300 mg group at 12 months postoperation (odds ratio, 0.50; P =0.0368) compared to the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that UDCA administration significantly reduced bile reflux and gastritis by ~50% at the 12 months-postoperative follow-up in patients who underwent gastrectomy for gastric cancer
Effect of individualized versus conventional perioperative blood pressure management on postoperative major complications in high-risk patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: study protocol for the SPROUT-4 multicenter randomized controlled trial
No full textBackground: Intraoperative hypotension is very common during surgery and is linked to major organ dysfunction and mortality. Current perioperative blood pressure management is largely based on universal blood pressure thresholds ranging from a mean arterial pressure of 60–70 mmHg. However, the effectiveness of this conventional management remains unproven in prospective randomized trials. Therefore, we will conduct this study to test if individualized perioperative blood pressure management decreases the incidence of postoperative major adverse outcomes. Methods: This multicenter, randomized controlled superiority trial will enroll 1896 high-risk patients undergoing major noncardiac surgery from five tertiary university hospitals in South Korea. In the control group, mean arterial pressure will be maintained at ≥ 65 mmHg and systolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg during surgery. In the intervention group, mean arterial pressure and systolic blood pressure will be maintained at no less than 20% of their baseline values. The baseline values are calculated as the average of all values measured from the day before surgery until the morning of surgery. These targets will be maintained until the patient is discharged from the post-anesthesia care unit or, for those who are transferred to the intensive care unit after surgery, until the end of the surgery. No specific restrictions, except for these blood pressure targets, will be applied to perioperative management. The primary composite outcome consists of all-cause death, stroke, myocardial infarction, new or worsening congestive heart failure, unplanned coronary revascularization, and acute kidney injury within 7 days after noncardiac surgery or until hospital discharge, whichever occurs first. Discussion: This study will reveal if individualized perioperative blood pressure management decreases the risk of major adverse outcomes in patients at high-risk undergoing noncardiac surgery. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06225453. Registered on January 26, 2024
COVID-19 Vaccination Recommendations for 2024–2025 in Korea
No full textThe Korean Society of Infectious Diseases has been regularly publishing guidelines for adult immunization since 2007. Following the release of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination recommendations in 2023, significant changes have occurred due to the emergence of new variant strains and the waning immunity from previous vaccinations. This article provides a comprehensive update as of November 2024, incorporating the latest evidence and guidelines. Focusing on the 2024–2025 season, this article reviews vaccines currently authorized in Korea and assesses their effectiveness against the predominant JN.1 lineage variants. The updated recommendations prioritize high-risk groups, including adults aged 65 and older, individuals with underlying medical conditions, residents of facilities vulnerable to infection, pregnant women, and healthcare workers, for vaccination with updated vaccines targeting the JN.1 strain. Additionally, COVID-19 vaccination is available for all individuals aged 6 months and older. For most adults, a single-dose strategy is emphasized, while tailored schedules may be recommended for immunocompromised individuals. This update aims to optimize vaccination strategies in Korea to ensure comprehensive protection for high-risk populations
Introducing Open Dialogue as part of the WHO QualityRights Project in South Korea: experiences and opinions from an introductory workshop and 1-year pilot practice
Get PDFThis study explores the subjective experiences of participants in a 5-day Open Dialogue (OD) workshop and a 1-year pilot practice, conducted as part of the WHO QualityRights Project in South Korea. Twenty-four participants, selected through purposive sampling, completed surveys immediately after the workshop and 1 year later. Data were analyzed through both statistical and thematic approaches. A statistically significant decrease in the availability of “Flexibility and Mobility” was observed across all participants (p = 0.044) and a significant reduction in the availability of “Tolerance of Uncertainty” (p = 0.04) was noted among participants who engaged in network meetings over the course of 1 year. Qualitative analysis revealed that participants initially felt ambivalent toward OD due to systemic, cultural, and professional challenges. However, through experiential learning, their ambivalence shifted to hope, fostering solidarity and a more positive outlook for future OD practice. Participants recognized that implementing OD supported human rights, while addressing personal, organizational, and policy challenges. The findings provide important insights for developing OD training and implementation guidelines in South Korea. Recommendations include focusing on experiential learning and selecting mixed-group trainees from catchment area institutions, emphasizing the support of client rights, and considering individual, organizational, and systemic levels for successful implementation. This study represents a new case of OD dissemination through a top-down national research and development project and its integration into the WHO QualityRights service package, suggesting complementary potential between OD and global human rights-based mental health initiatives