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Kakucs-Turján: a multi-layered settlement in Central Hungary
Get PDFInvestigations of the settlement of Kakucs-Turján have applied a multi-disciplinary approach
to recognize the everyday reality of communities living in Early and Middle Bronze Age
Hungary. Field prospection and preliminary excavations allowed characterization of the
overall site parameters, while the subsequent excavation seasons provided evidence of
a complex settlement history wherein a major transition from behaviors producing a flat to
a multilayered site was identified as a major turning point. Analyses of material culture and
botanical remains point to stable lifestyles and subsistence practices across generations of
inhabitation of the settlement within which differential access to exotic resources and non-local
objects was part of the way of life. This paper provides a state-of-the-art overview summarizing
the main findings of the focal points of research at Kakucs-Turján.196217Treasures of Time: Research of the Faculty of Archaeology of Adam Mickiewicz University in Pozna
The Humble Reason. On Education in Kant and Fichte
Get PDFIn this paper I will focus on education as the core function of reason in Kant and Fichte. The notion of reason carries an intrinsic tendency to universality, which is difficult to be reconciled with its local (cultural, historical, anthropological) background and actualisation. I believe that the stress on the importance of learning, which can be seen in the works of both Kant and Fichte, might provide useful clues to approaching the relation between universality and particularity. I will start by focusing on Kant’s narration on the genealogy of human reason in the Conjectural Beginning of Human History, and then
move on to the critical writings and selected lectures in order to focus on the role of human dignity and ethical education for the moral appraisal and the practice of virtue. Later, I will consider Fichte’s lectures on the Vocation of the Scholar, the Vocation of Man and The Characteristics of the Present Age, which are crucial to understanding the social, ethical and political role of the scholar. For Fichte, education is the best instrument to eradicate selfishness, regarded as a historical phenomenon which can lead a nation to ruin. I will then provide some conclusions concerning the two accounts and their implications
International organizations of the radical left towards the European Union. Analysis of selected examples in the context of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
Get PDFPrzedmiotem artykułu jest analiza dokumentów programowych i publicystyki trzech ruchów i nurtów radykalnie lewicowych, które były reprezentowane przez takie organizacje międzynarodowe, jak: the Initiative of Communist and Workers’ Parties in order to study and elaborate European issues and to coordinate their activity (CWPE), the International Socialist Alternative (ISA) i the International Socialist Tendency (IST). W każdej z wymienionych organizacji aktywne były również polskie partie i grupy polityczne. Celem artykułu jest określenie przyczyn i treści krytyki Unii Europejskiej przez wymienione organizacje, wskazanie podobieństw i różnic między nimi, a także określenie różnic pomiędzy krytyką integracji europejskiej dokonaną przez ruchy radykalnej lewicy oraz ruch anarchistyczny i ruchy radykalnie nacjonalistyczne. Analiza została przeprowadzona z uwzględnieniem krytyki działań elit Unii Europejskiej i rządów państw europejskich w zwalczaniu pandemii SARS-CoV-2.The subject of the article is the analysis of program documents and journalism of three radical leftist movements and currents, which were represented by such international organizations as: the Initiative of Communist and Workers’ Parties in order to study and elaborate European issues and to coordinate their activity (CWPE), the International Socialist Alternative (ISA) and the International Socialist Tendency (IST). Polish parties and political groups were also active in each of the aforementioned organizations. The aim of the article is to define the reasons and content of the criticism of the European Union by the aforementioned organizations, to indicate the similarities and differences between them, as well as to define the differences between the criticism of European integration made by the radical left, anarchist and radically nationalist movements. The analysis was conducted taking into account the criticism of the actions of the European Union elites and European governments in combating the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
From clay you are
Get PDFThe people of Mesopotamia believed that they were created by the gods to serve the gods: to
work for them in the fields and care for the herds of animals that, through sacrifice, provided the
gods’ livelihood. Perhaps this is why mythological motifs are almost absent in the art of Assyria
and Babylon. Two small fragments of stone decorated with a convex relief, discovered in 2013
by the archeological team of the Institute of Prehistory at the entrance to the Gūndk cave in
Iraqi Kurdistan, belie this claim. They come from a relief scene originally hewn into the rock-
face around 2200 BC, but blown up by vandals in the 1990s. Thanks to this recent discovery by
the team carrying out the Upper Greater Zab Archaeological Reconnaissance Project in Iraqi
Kurdistan and previous drawings of the relief made in 1850 and 1947, it can be proven that the
scene showed the god Enki and the goddess Ninmah in the process of molding people out of
clay, as described in Mesopotamian myths. Saved for posterity by archaeologists from Poznań,
the fragments of the damaged relief are the only known examples of this unique scene.236255Treasures of Time: Research of the Faculty of Archaeology of Adam Mickiewicz University in Pozna
Kryteria oceny aktywności gmin przygranicznych w kierunku „green smart city”
Get PDFThe article presents a proposal for a research tool that might assess the ecological activity of municipalities, with particular emphasis on those that lie on national boundaries. With climate change, it has become necessary to take into account the principles of sustainable growth while maintaining high living standards in the long term. Systematic research on the action undertaken by municipalities in this area is a necessary requirement in the coming years. For this reason, the main directions and areas of research in the process of approaching the concept of a “green smart city” have been outlined. The available literature is limited to research in the field of smart cities and examines solutions for large urban agglomerations. The evaluation criteria of “ecological maturity” proposed in this paper are designed for small border municipalities. One may accept the thesis that due to their specificity, location, natural diversity and the opportunities for cooperation with a foreign partner that they offer, border municipalities can create a model of ecological behaviour in terms of a “green smart city”. This evolution requires support and monitoring for policymakers, and the proposed online research tool may reveal “ecological immaturities”, decisional errors or just plain negligence. One might only hope that, as a result of these indications, the recommendations will prove valuable for all local government units. On the other hand, a number of doubts and dilemmas are raised that researchers are unable to eliminate at this stage.Artykuł prezentuje propozycję narzędzia badawczego do oceny aktywności ekologicznej gmin ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem gmin przygranicznych. Wraz ze zmianami klimatu pojawiła się konieczność uwzględniania w dłuższej perspektywie czasu zasad zrównoważonego wzrostu z zachowaniem wysokich standardów życia. Systematyczne badanie aktywności gmin w tym zakresie to konieczny wymóg najbliższych lat. Z tego względu nakreślono główne kierunki i obszary badań w procesie dochodzenia do koncepcji „green smart city”. Dostępna literatura ogranicza się do badań w zakresie smart city i dotyczy rozwiązań dla dużych aglomeracji miejskich. Zaproponowane w pracy kryteria ewaluacyjne „dojrzałości ekologicznej” skierowane są do niewielkich przygranicznych gmin miejskich. Można przyjąć tezę, że gminy przygraniczne ze względu na swoją specyfikę, położenie, różnorodność przyrodniczą i możliwości kooperacyjne z partnerem zagranicznym mogą tworzyć model zachowań ekologicznych w aspekcie green smart city. Ewolucja ta wymaga wsparcia i monitoringu dla decydentów, a proponowane narzędzie badawcze dostępne online może wykazać „niedojrzałości ekologiczne”, błędy decyzyjne oraz zwykłe zaniedbania. Można mieć jedynie nadzieję, że w efekcie tych wskazań cenne okażą się rekomendacje dla wszystkich jednostek samorządowych. Z drugiej strony wzbudzają one szereg wątpliwości i dylematów, których badacze na tym etapie nie mogą wyeliminować
In the Valley of Anthemous … (Northern Greece)
Get PDFThe Anthemous Valley Archaeological Project is a cooperation between Greek and
Polish scientists aiming towards archaeological recognition of the northern Aegean within the
alluvial Anthemous Valley. The methodology of the project consists of the multidisciplinary
tools of settlement archaeology and geoarchaeology. The timeframe spans the prehistoric
periods from the Neolithic to the Early Iron Age. One of the main research tasks is to
reconstruct the evolution of the landscape in close reference to the cultural changes in
the region. To date, all sites within the valley have been catalogued and identified through
archaeological prospection and some with the use of geophysical survey. The results point
to an intensive occupation in the past, especially during the Bronze Age. Geoarchaeological
research was conducted in the tell of Nea Raedestos, which has shown major landscape
transformations in the Holocene due to river activity. The current work focuses on the mouth
of the Anthemous River to reconstruct the progradation processes and formation of the deltaic
plain in relation to prehistoric human occupation of this area.146159Treasures of Time: Research of the Faculty of Archaeology of Adam Mickiewicz University in Pozna
Aspects of ancient warfare: Multidisciplinary research on war and warriors in Bronze Age Europe
Get PDFThe study of warfare among ancient societies – its nature, scale and impacts – has become
an increasingly fertile multidisciplinary field of research in archaeology and related disciplines.
This is particularly true for the European Bronze Age, an epoch that has produced iconic arte-
facts, architecture, images, and written sources that speak about war and warriorhood. Modern
research has made it sufficiently clear that, far from being the singular acts of heroic individ -
uals, ancient warfare was common, brutal, and well-organized. However, war, as an extreme
form of social interaction, has also been a driver for technological and economic development.
From Scandinavia to the Mediterranean, the archaeological record has preserved rich traces
of the warrior elite that was instrumental in transforming Bronze Age societies. This body of
evidence is being studied with increasingly diverse analytical tools, ranging from use-wear
analysis of weapons to forensic analysis of human remains and GIS-based spatial analysis.
The following is a summary of author’s research on the multiple aspects and archaeological
sources that surround the topics of war and warriors in Bronze Age Europe.286299Treasures of Time: Research of the Faculty of Archaeology of Adam Mickiewicz University in Pozna
Anna Pacześniak, Bartosz Rydliński (red.), Europejskie partie polityczne. Dyskurs programowy w Unii Europejskiej, Warszawa 2021, Wydawnictwo Sejmowe, ss. 302.
Get PDFArchaeological research of the Gothic Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary on the island of Ostrów Tumski, Poznań
Get PDFBetween 1999 and 2015 an archaeological research of the interior and the immediate vicinity
of the Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary on the island of Ostrów Tumski in Poznań was con-
ducted.
This hall church, whose consecration took place in 1448, is part of the architecture style
connected with the workshops of Master Builder Hinrich Brunsberg. Interestingly, the traceries
of the study church windows correspond to similar elements from the churches in Brandenburg
and Chojna (Brunsberg’s work). But the fragments of Gothic pinnacles from the gable (according
to written sources) were probably built by Lorek from Kościan. Also, the tracery decoration
at the western portal of the Poznań cathedral, which was discovered during the post-war
renovation works, confirms the presence of a similar façade decoration of the Poznań cathedral
to that in Brandenburg. What is more, a fleuron found in the church of the Church of the Blessed
Virgin Mary on the island of Ostrów Tumski is analogous to the same decorative element of
the town hall in Tangermünde. This suggests that the workshops associated with that master
builder, most probably participated in the rebuilding of the Poznań cathedral at the turn of the
century (XIV/XV) and in the designing of the St Mary’s Church, which was completed after
Brunsberg’s death.
The archaeological research included the cemetery that was operational from the 2 nd
half of the 15 th century to the end of the 18 th century, during which time, the deceased were buried
inside the church. It was also where remains of several brick tombs/crypts were discovered.
The youngest burial is an ossuary found in the middle of the nave, which contains bones
moved there from the cathedral in 1784-1785. The brick and stone wall enclosing the cemetery
was built in 1465-1466. Originally, the church and the cemetery were situated on a small hill,
the slopes of which were reinforced.398417Treasures of Time: Research of the Faculty of Archaeology of Adam Mickiewicz University in Pozna