10509 research outputs found
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Grensgeluk: Een frisse blik op de Nederlands-Duitse grens
No full textIn den Medien werden die deutsch-niederländischen Grenzregionen oft als benachteiligt gegenüber den zentraler gelegenen Gebieten des Landes dargestellt. In diesem Aufsatz wird eine andere Sichtweise vertreten und argumentiert, dass die Grenzlage für die betroffenen Regionen tatsächlich Vorteile bringt. Worin besteht dieser Grenzbonus? Was sind die Vorteile des Wohnens, Arbeitens und Lebens in einer Grenzregion? Der Aufsatz identifiziert drei Vorteile: die Grenze als Bereicherung, die Grenze als Inspiration und die Grenze als Synergiemöglichkeit. Theoretische Erkenntnisse, empirische Befunde und zahlreiche Praxisbeispiele werden zur Erläuterung herangezogen. Den Grenzbonus zu nutzen, geschieht jedoch nicht automatisch - man muss sich schon anstrengen. Der Aufsatz schließt daher mit der Aufforderung, sich noch mehr um Begegnungen, Projekte und Netzwerke zu bemühen, die deutsch-niederländische Grenzgänger zusammenbringen.In de media worden Nederlands-Duitse grensregio's vaak beschouwd als plekken die nadelen ondervinden ten opzichte van gebieden in het land die centraler gelegen zijn. Dit essay presenteert een alternatief perspectief en betoogt dat de grensligging voor de betrokken regio's juist voordelen met zich meebrengt. Waaruit bestaat die grensbonus? Wat zijn de baten van het wonen, werken en leven in een grensregio? In het essay wordt een drietal voordelen onderscheiden: de grens als verrijking, de grens als inspiratiebron en de grens als synergiekans. Aan de hand van theoretische inzichten, empirische bevindingen en tal van praktijkvoorbeelden wordt een en ander toegelicht. Het verzilveren van de grensbonus gebeurt echter niet vanzelf - je moet er wel moeite voor doen. Het essay sluit dan ook af met de oproep om nog meer werk te maken van ontmoetingen, projecten en netwerken die Nederlands-Duitse grenslanders bij elkaar brengen
Highly efficient and widely tunable Si3N4 waveguide-based optical parametric oscillator
No full textWe demonstrate an efficient and widely tunable synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator (OPO) exploiting four-wave mixing (FWM) in a silicon nitride (Si3N4) waveguide with inverted tapers. At a pump pulse duration of 2 ps, the waveguide-based OPO (WOPO) exhibited a high external pump-to-idler conversion efficiency of up to −7.64 dB at 74% pump depletion and a generation of up to 387 pJ output idler pulse energy around 1.13 μm wavelength. Additionally, the parametric oscillation resulted in a 64 dB amplification of idler power spectral density in comparison to spontaneous FWM, allowing for a wide idler wavelength tunability of 191 nm around 1.15 μm. Our WOPO represents a significant improvement of conversion efficiency as well as output energy among χ3 WOPOs, rendering an important step towards a highly efficient and widely tunable chip-based light source for, e.g., coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering
Human Intervention Study: Alkylresorcinol Metabolites as Potential Biomarkers for Grain Intake and the Occurrence of Alkylresorcinols in Commonly Consumed Foods in the German Retail Sector
No full textGrains are one of the primary nutrients and are associated with many health benefits. To reflect the intake of grain-based products, two promising potential biomarkers are alkylresorcinol (AR) metabolites 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (3,5-DHBA) and 3-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-propanoic acid (3,5-DHPPA). The aim of this study was to validate the occurrence of AR in food samples and investigate the suitability of their metabolites as potential biomarkers in human intervention studies. In the first step, the AR content in different grain products from the German retail sector was analyzed by GC–MS. ARs were found in higher concentrations in whole grain products and in moderate contents in refined grains and quinoa. Based on these results, human intervention studies were performed in the next step, and the AR metabolites 3,5-DHBA and 3,5-DHPPA were analyzed by LC-MS/MS in urine samples. The intake of only whole grain products leads to an increasing level of both potential biomarkers, while a refined grain diet shows decreasing levels of the AR metabolites. The excretion of 3,5-DHBA after a whole grain-rich diet differs significantly (p = 0.043) from no grain intake
Impact of Guideline-Directed Drug Therapy after ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction on Outcome in Young Patients—Age and Sex-Specific Factors
No full textBackground: Specifically young women are at risk for a poor outcome after ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). We aimed to investigate sex- and age-specific differences in outcome and associate these results with adherence to a guideline-directed optimal medical therapy (OMT). Methods: Administrative insurance data (≈26 million insured) were screened for patients aged 18–60 years with STEMI. Patient demographics, details on in-hospital treatment, adherence to OMT and its effect on mortality were assessed. Adherence to OMT was analyzed using multistate models and an association of those with death was fitted using multivariable Cox regression models with time-dependent co-variables. Results: Overall, 59,401 patients (19.3% women), median age 52 (interquartile range 48, 56) presented with STEMI. Female sex was associated with a poor outcome early after STEMI (90-day mortality: odds ratio 1.22, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12–1.32, p < 0.001). Overall survival was reduced in women compared to same-aged men. The ten-year survival rate was 19.7% (18.1–21.2%) versus 19.6% (18.9–20.4%) in men (p < 0.001). Although long-term drug adherence was low, its intake was associated with a better outcome. Specifically younger women showed a markedly lower mortality when on OMT (hazard ratio (HR) 0.22 (95% CI 0.19–0.26) versus HR 0.31 (95% CI 0.28–0.33) in men, pint < 0.001). Conclusions: Specifically young women were at risk for a poor outcome in the early phase after STEMI. Although long-term adherence to OMT was low, it was generally associated with a lower mortality, specifically in women. Our findings emphasize on early and long-term preventive measures in all patients after STEMI
Künstliche Intelligenz: Freund oder Feind?:Interview mit Prof. Dr. Benjamin Risse
No full textFür die einen ist Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) ein Hoffnungsträger, für die anderen eine Bedrohung ihrer Autonomie. Ob uns intelligente Systeme und Maschinen in der gesellschaftlichen Entwicklung eher helfen oder behindern, erklärt Prof. Dr. Benjamin Risse, der am Institut für Informatik forscht und lehrt, im Podcast. Im Gespräch gibt er zudem einen Einblick in den aktuellen Forschungsstand auf dem Gebiet der KI, bespricht Beispiele für einen gewinnbringenden Einsatz und erläutert, wo Systeme an ihre Grenzen stoßen oder diese sogar verletzen. Zudem geht es um die Frage, warum gerade bei diesem Forschungsbereich Wissenschaftskommunikation eine entscheidende Rolle spielt
Kunst und Recht:Leitfaden für Künstlerinnen und Künstler
No full textDer Leitfaden richtet sich an Nachwuchs-Künstler:innen und diejenigen, die einen ersten Zugang zu zentralen Fragen des angewandten Kunstrechts erhalten möchten. Er bietet eine grundlegende Orientierung in den Bereichen des Urheber- und Urhebervertragsrechts sowie eine Einführung in flankierende Themen wie das Persönlichkeits- und Datenschutzrecht, den rechtlichen Rahmen der künstlerischen Selbstständigkeit oder die Künstlersozialversicherung. Anschaulich, verständlich und unter Berücksichtigung der Perspektive einer Nachwuchs-Künstler:in widmet er sich Fragen zum Schutz von Kunst über das Urheberrecht, zu den Verwertungsmöglichkeiten und ihrer rechtlichen Ausgestaltung über typische Verträge aus der Kunstwelt oder zu den rechtlichen Grenzen des künstlerischen Schaffens. Auf dem Stand von 2024 berücksichtigt er auch die 2021 erfolgte weitreichende Urheberrechts-Reform und hochaktuelle Materien wie digitale Verbreitungswege oder den Umgang mit KI. Als wertvolles Nachschlagewerk dient er somit der Vorbereitung auf und Begleitung in der professionellen Realität von Künstler:innen.This guide is aimed at young artists and those who wish to gain a first insight into key aspects of applied art law. It offers a thorough orientation in the areas of copyright and contractual copyright law as well as an introduction to complementary topics such as personal rights and data protection law, the legal framework of artistic self-employment and social insurance for artists. In a clear and understandable style which reflects the perspective of an up-and-coming artist, it addresses subjects such as the protection of art under copyright law, the commercialisation of art and its legal framework under typical contracts from the art world and the legal boundaries of artistic creation. Updated to 2024, it also considers the extensive copyright reform that was implemented in 2021 and highly topical issues such as digital distribution channels or AI. As a valuable reference work, it thus serves as preparation for and support in the professional reality of artists
Langzeiteffekte von Elektrokonvulsionstherapie auf die Hirnstruktur bei Major Depression im Vergleich zu einer depressiven Kontrollstichprobe:eine longitudinale MRT-Studie
No full textDie Major Depression ist eine hochpraevalente Erkrankung mit haeufig schweren und therapieresistenten Verlaeufen. Die Elektrokonvulsionstherapie (EKT) ist in diesen Faellen eine effektive Therapie. Die Studie untersuchte anhand von MRT-Daten den Langzeitverlauf struktureller Volumenveraenderungen. Die Stichprobe umfasste 50 Patienten (n = 17 EKT-Gruppe / n = 33 Patientenkontrollgruppe). Daten wurden zu zwei Messzeitpunkten (nach Abschluss der EKT (post) und im Zwei-Jahres-Intervall (2-j) erhoben. Der Hippocampus-Amygdala-Komplex, die Insula und der anteriore cingulaere Kortex wurden mittels 2x2 ANOVA analysiert. Es zeigten sich signifikante Volumenabnahmen der grauen Substanz in der EKT-Gruppe zum Zeitpunkt 2-j (pFWE < .001). Die Studienergebnisse sind kongruent zur aktuellen Studienlage. Bisher ungeklaert ist die Frage nach dem neurobiologischen Korrelat dieses Volumenrueckgangs. Prozesse der Neurogenese und Synapsenelimination werden diskutiert
Love Thy Neighbor: Exploring Religious and Social Openness among Prospective Theologians in Germany and Turkey
No full textAmidst increasing globalization and religious diversity, acknowledging and embracing n openness towards religious and/or cultural others has become crucial for societal cohesion and international relations. Theological scholars, holding significant potential in mitigating inter-religious and intercultural prejudices, can play a pivotal role in addressing this challenge. However, it is acknowledged that theologians themselves may harbor such biases. This study, conducted within the framework of the Religious Openness Hypothesis, employed an online questionnaire among theology students, seen as future multipliers of religiosity, in Germany and Turkey (N = 513) using convenience sampling. The results reveal the consistent relation of religiosity to all forms of prejudice among German Christians, with a linked defense against secularism potentially leading to self-isolation and the protection of their own worldview against religious or cultural outgroups. In contrast, the (generally high) prejudice among Turkish Muslims appears to be rooted not primarily in religiosity or defense against secularism but in fundamentalism and, most likely, in other socio-cultural factors such as politics and education. For both subsamples, religiosity was positively linked with xenosophia, particularly when accounting for fundamentalism. The article concludes by proposing curriculum implications for universities and schools in both cultural contexts
Major in-hospital complications after catheter ablation of cardiac arrhythmias: individual case analysis of 43 031 procedures
No full textAims: In-hospital complications of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF), atrial flutter (AFL), and ventricular tachycardia (VT) may be overestimated by analyses of administrative data. Methods and results: We determined the incidences of in-hospital mortality, major bleeding, and stroke around AF, AFL, and VT ablations in four German tertiary centres between 2005 and 2020. All cases were coded by the G-DRG- and OPS-systems. Uniform code search terms were applied defining both the types of ablations for AF, AFL, and VT and the occurrence of major adverse events including femoral vascular complications, iatrogenic tamponade, stroke, and in-hospital death. Importantly, all complications were individually reviewed based on patient-level source records. Overall, 43 031 ablations were analysed (30 361 AF; 9364 AFL; 3306 VT). The number of ablations/year more than doubled from 2005 (n = 1569) to 2020 (n = 3317) with 3 times and 2.5 times more AF and VT ablations in 2020 (n = 2404 and n = 301, respectively) as compared to 2005 (n = 817 and n = 120, respectively), but a rather stable number of AFL ablations (n = 554 vs. n = 612). Major peri-procedural complications occurred in 594 (1.4%) patients. Complication rates were 1.1% (n = 325) for AF, 1.0% (n = 95) for AFL, and 5.3% (n = 175) for VT. With an increase in complex AF/VT procedures, the overall complication rate significantly increased (0.76% in 2005 vs. 1.81% in 2020; P = 0.004); but remained low over time. Following patient-adjudication, all in-hospital cardiac tamponades (0.7%) and strokes (0.2%) were related to ablation. Major femoral vascular complications requiring surgical intervention occurred in 0.4% of all patients. The in-hospital mortality rate adjudicated to be ablation-related was lower than the coded mortality rate: AF: 0.03% vs. 0.04%; AFL: 0.04% vs. 0.14%; VT: 0.42% vs. 1.48%. Conclusion: Major adverse events are low and comparable after catheter ablation for AFL and AF (∼1.0%), whereas they are five times higher for VT ablations. In the presence of an increase in complex ablation procedures, a moderate but significant increase in overall complications from 2005–20 was observed. Individual case analysis demonstrated a lower than coded ablation-related in-hospital mortality. This highlights the importance of individual case adjudication when analysing administrative data