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Graft-versus-host disease following liver transplantation: A systematic review of literature
No full textBackground: Graft-versus-host disease following liver transplantation is a serious and usually fatal complication. Data identifying the risk factors and specifying the diagnosis and treatment options of the disease are scarce and contentious. Moreover, recommendations for therapeutic approaches are similarly sparse. Methods: A systematic review of the literature from 1988 to 2020 on graft-versus-host disease following liver transplantation was performed using the PubMed and MEDLINE databases. Medical subject headings, such as graft-versus-host disease and GvHD were used in combination with solid organ transplant, transplantation, or liver transplant. Following duplicate removal, 9298 articles were screened for suitability. A total of 238 full-text articles were analyzed for eligibility, resulting in 130 eligible articles for meta-analysis. Two hundred twenty-five patients developing graft-versus-host disease following liver transplantation reported herein were mainly published in case reports and case series. Results: Graft-versus-host disease occurred with an incidence of 1.2%. 85% developed following deceased donor liver transplant and 15% following living-related donor liver transplantation. The median follow-up period following liver transplantation was 84 days (interquartile range, 45–180). The median time from liver transplantation to graft-versus-host disease onset was 30 days (interquartile range, 21–42). The main clinical features included skin rash (59%), fever (43%), diarrhea (36%), and pancytopenia (30%). The overall mortality rate was 71%. Neither univariate (HR = 0.999; 95% CI, 0.493–2.023; p = 1.0) nor multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between adaptation of immunosuppression and survival probability (HR = 1.475; 95% CI, 0.659–3.303; p = 0.3). Conclusions: This systematic review suggests that an increase in immunosuppressive regimen does not yield any survival benefit in patients suffering from graft-versus-host disease following liver transplantation
IT/IS Strategy Research and Digitalization: An Extensive Literature Review
No full textIT/IS strategy is of central importance to practice and many well-developed lines of research have
contributed to our understanding of IT/IS strategy. However, throughout the last decade,
digitalization has fundamentally transformed the business world and put into question traditional
strategy wisdom. As information technologies are the driver of this digital transformation, we can
expect an even more fundamental change in IT/IS strategy thinking. To verify this expectation,
we undertook an in-depth, extensive review of the academic literature on this topic. Our review,
which is time-framed to the years 2008-2018, distils five different directions in the development
of IT/IS strategy research. It also identifies a shift in how IT/IS strategy is defined and investigated
over this period. Moreover, we present an emerging debate on how digitalization challenges
traditional IT/IS strategy wisdom. As this debate is still in its infancy, we take it further by entering
into the larger discussion on digitalization, including digital innovation, digital ecosystems, and
digital transformation. Building on this, we derive at deeper insights on how IT/IS strategy could,
should, or should better not be understood in the digital age
Fabrication and mechanical characterization of hydrogel-based 3D cell-like structures
No full textIn this article, we demonstrate the fabrication of 3D cell-like structures using a femtosecond laser-based two-photon polymerization technique. By employing poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate monomers as a precursor solution, we fabricate 3D hemispheres that resemble morphological and biomechanical characteristics of natural cells. We employ an optical tweezers-based microrheology technique to measure the viscoelastic properties of the precursor solutions inside and outside the structures. In addition, we demonstrate the interchangeability of the precursor solution within fabricated structures without impairing the microstructures. The combination of two-photon polymerization and microrheological measurements by optical tweezers demonstrated here represents a powerful toolbox for future investigations into cell mimic and artificial cell studies
From brass to brilliance: Frugal innovation for safer public spaces
No full textThis study explores the application of brass, noted for its cost-effective antimicrobial properties, as a frugal innovation to enhance public sanitation in high-traffic public health settings such as hospitals and public transport systems. Underpinned by the principles of frugal innovation – resource efficiency, affordability, accessibility, and sustainability, this research assesses the effectiveness and economic viability of various brass applications for microbial control on high-touch surfaces. Through an exploratory review of the literature, this study identifies that brass applications not only reduce the need for frequent sanitation but also ensure durability and long-term effectiveness in public spaces. Findings highlight that integrating brass in public infrastructure significantly lowers infection rates and healthcare costs, aligning with frugal innovation’s focus on maximizing value with minimal resources. The study contributes to public health strategies by demonstrating brass’s role in sustainable and economically advantageous solutions
Data-Flow Analysis of BPMN-Based Process-Driven Applications: Detecting Anomalies across Model and Code
No full textProcess-Driven Applications (PDA) combine Business Process Management and less-code approaches.
They are typically based on executable process models, human tasks, and adapter code to external software services. Process data is shared across these artifacts, managed by a process engine. Therefore process engineers and programmers must ensure the correct data flow within these components, but also in between. However, previous approaches have only considered the data-flow analysis of those components separately. This paper provides a concept for detecting data-flow anomalies in BPMN-based Process-Driven Applications across all artifacts. The main idea is to create a single Data-Flow Analysis (DFA) graph based on the process model’s abstract syntax. Call graphs representing the internal flows of the referenced source code are transformed and merged into the DFA graph. Then, the resulting graph is extended by labels indicating data-object operations occurring at its nodes. Eventually, a combined forward and backward analysis is performed to uncover data-flow anomalies as indicators of potential errors. The analysis concept was implemented as a prototype designed for the Camunda BPM Framework, proving its practicality in several case studies
Der Code des Autors:Transformationen generativer Literatur in Reimplementierung und Emulation
No full textDer Beitrag betrachtet Reimplementierung und Emulation digitaler Literatur als Formen der Rezeption. Annahme dabei ist, dass mit dem Akt des Reimplementierens digitaler Literatur auf einem anderen System als dem ursprünglich für die Produktion verwendeten System eine Transformation im Sinne eines Umschreibprozesses (n. Höltgen) stattfindet. Zur Überprüfung wird ein frühes Werk der digitalen Literatur mit vielen Reinszenierungen herangezogen: Theo Lutzʼ Stochastische Texte (1959). Methodisch kann im vorliegenden Beitrag auf das theoretische Framework und auf das Vokabular der Computerarchäologie zurückgegriffen werden, um das Werk vor dem Hintergrund seiner technischen Umsetzung zu erschließen und mit seinen Reinszenierungen zu vergleichen
Der Russland-Ukraine-Konflikt – über Putins Kalkül und die deutsche Verantwortung :Interview mit Prof. Dr. Ricarda Vulpius
No full textDie Lage an der ukrainischen Grenze ist seit Wochen angespannt. Im Podcast bewertet Prof. Dr. Ricarda Vulpius vom Institut für osteuropäische Geschichte - Expertin für russländische Imperiumsgeschichte und die Geschichte der Ukraine - die aktuelle Situation. Die im Konflikt um die Ukraine von Russlands Präsidenten Wladimir Putin geforderten "Sicherheitsgarantien" hält sie vor allem für einen Ausdruck psychologischer Unsicherheit: "Putin hat ein Bedürfnis nach Anerkennung und Augenhöhe, er fühlt sich vom Süden bis in den Norden umzingelt." Im Gespräch geht es auch um die Rolle Deutschlands. Aus ihrer Sicht müsse sich Deutschland von der Grundhaltung lösen, dass es im Hinblick auf den Zweiten Weltkrieg ausschließlich Russland gegenüber eine historische Schuld habe. "Wir müssen endlich erkennen, dass wir genauso der Ukraine gegenüber in der Verantwortung stehen.
Roll the camera! From informations to explanatory videos - How students produce their own explanatory videos in class as "content creators"
No full textEgal, ob sachlicher Fakt, erprobte Handlungsstrategie oder innovative Problemlöseidee – jegliche Art von Information lässt sich mithilfe eines Erklärvideos im passenden Videostil visualisieren. Dass dies auch mit Schüler:innen in der Grundschule gelingen kann, welche Potenziale die Produktion eigener Erklärvideos mit Schüler:innen bietet und welche Vorgehensweise didaktisch sinnvoll ist, wird in diesem Beitrag dargestellt.Whether factual information, a tried-and-tested action strategy or an innovative problem-solving idea - any type of information can be visualized in the appropriate video style with the help of an explanatory video. This article shows that this can also be achieved with elementary school pupils, the potential offered by producing your own explanatory videos with pupils and which approach makes didactic sense
Konzepte, Korpora und die Quellenoffenheit der Kunst:Hannes Bajohrs digitale Lyrik
No full textDer Beitrag nimmt das Spannungsfeld zwischen literarischen Traditionen und aktuellen, digitalen Schreibweisen in den Blick: Exemplarisch wird der Band Halbzeug (Hannes Bajohr, 2018) betrachtet, der Konzeptgedichte enthält, die mittels digitaler Verfahren erzeugt wurden. Beispielanalysen einzelner Gedichte erörtern die Verfahren der Texterzeugung, die dahinterstehende Poetik sowie den bedeutungstragenden Kontrast zwischen Prätext und Transform. Dies dient als Grundlage für Reflexionen über die Implikationen digitaler Textproduktion und algorithmengestützter Autor:innenschaft, die mit der Verbreitung digitaler Schreibweisen und durch Bajohrs Offenlegung der jeweiligen Transformationstechnik zunehmend diffuser, aber auch "quelloffener" werden