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Evaluation of Hypothetical Document and Query Embeddings for Information Retrieval Enhancements in the Context of Diverse User Queries
No full textThe task of Information Retrieval (IR), such as obtaining documents, is an important task and the foundation of question-answering and fact-checking systems. The complexity of these retrieval systems evolved over time to enable an effective search of a variety of documents based on users' specific information requirements. However, the quality of the retrieval results highly depends on the question phrasing and structure heavily influenced by the user's age, expertise, background, and aim. This thesis will focus on closing the gap between user-specific query structures and the content of different documents in a large collection. To close this gap Hypothetical Document Embeddings (HyDE)
and Hypothetical Query Embeddings (HyQE) will be investigated utilizing Large Language Models (LLMs). HyDE tries to generate pseudo documents that mimic the content and structure of potentially relevant documents, therefore enabling a more effective document-to-document comparison. HyQE reverses the retrieval process by generating pseudo queries that potentially be posed by the users, allowing query variations to be covered directly by the generation process. Both approaches were evaluated with the help of two real-world test collections out of different domains. HyDE and HyQE could both achieve promising results in terms of effectiveness and robustness. The experiments indicated that these approaches outperform traditional retrieval methods such as BM25 and plain
embedding methods
Experimentieren im Mathematikunterricht:Aktuelle Beiträge aus Forschung und Praxis
No full textExperimentieren kann den Mathematikunterricht auf vielfältige Weise bereichern – sei es als innermathematisches Experimentieren mit Stift und Papier oder als außermathematisches Experimentieren zur Anregung interessanter Modellierungen. Der vorliegende Band gibt im ersten Teil zunächst einen Überblick über aktuelle Forschungsarbeiten zu den Wirkungen und Gelingensbedingungen des Experimentierens im Mathematikunterricht. Im zweiten Teil des Bandes werden konkrete Anregungen für Experimente im Unterricht präsentiert
Roll it! Producing explanatory videos with pupils in the classroom
No full textDie Produktion von Erklärvideos fördert viele Kompetenzen. Doch wie können gerade kreative Lehr-Lernprozesse initiiert werden? Gestaltungselemente und Rahmenbedingungen werden diskutiert und praktische Hinweise gegeben.The production of explanatory videos promotes many skills. But how can creative teaching and learning processes be initiated? Design elements and framework conditions are discussed and practical tips are given
From Data to Action: Unleashing the Power of Data Visualization for Teacher Data Utilization
No full textDie Dissertation untersucht, wie Datenvisualisierung die Datennutzung von Lehrkräften verbessern kann. Lehrer haben oft Schwierigkeiten, komplexe Daten zu verstehen und daraus Handlungen abzuleiten. Datenvisualisierungen, die nach der "Grammar of Graphics" gestaltet sind, sollen helfen, Daten besser zu verstehen, Diskussionen anzuregen und fundierte Entscheidungen zu treffen. In einer experimentellen Studie wurden Lehramtsstudierende gebeten, Daten in verschiedenen Formaten zu interpretieren. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Datenvisualisierungen, insbesondere komplexe wie Q-Q-Plots, zu intensiveren Auseinandersetzungen führen als Tabellen. Die Arbeit betont die Notwendigkeit, die Arbeit mit Daten inklusive der Visualisierungen von Daten in die Lehrerbildung zu integrieren.The dissertation examines how data visualization can improve teachers' use of data. Teachers often struggle to understand data and derive sensible actions from them. Data visualizations, designed according to the "Grammar of Graphics," aim to help better comprehend data, stimulate discussions, and support data-informed decision-making. In an experimental study, student teachers were asked to interpret data in various formats. The results show that data visualizations, especially complex ones like Q-Q plots, lead to a deeper engagement with data than tables. The work emphasizes the need to integrate data work, including data visualizations, into teacher education
Limb articulation of biological motion can induce illusory motion perception during self-motion
No full textWhen one walks toward a crowd of pedestrians, dealing with their biological motion while controlling one's own self-motion is a difficult perceptual task. Limb articulation of a walker is naturally coupled to the walker's translation through the scene and allows the separation of optic flow generated by self-motion from the biological motion of other pedestrians. Recent research has shown that if limb articulation and translation mismatch, such as for walking in place, self-motion perception becomes biased. This bias may reflect an illusory motion attributed to the pedestrian crowd from the articulation of their limbs. To investigate this hypothesis, we presented observers with a simulation of forward self-motion toward a laterally moving crowd of point-light walkers and asked them to report the perceived lateral speed of the crowd. To investigate the dependence of the crowd speed percept on biological motion, we also included conditions in which the points of the walker were spatially scrambled to destroy body form and limb articulation. We observed illusory crowd speed percepts that were related to the articulation rate of the biological motion. Scrambled walkers also produced illusory motion but it was not related to articulation rate. We conclude that limb articulation induces percepts of crowd motion that can be used for interpreting self-motion toward crowds
Off-axis digital lensless holographic microscopy based on spatially multiplexed interferometry
No full textSignificance: Digital holographic microscopy (DHM) is a label-free microscopy
technique that provides time-resolved quantitative phase imaging (QPI) by measur-
ing the optical path delay of light induced by transparent biological samples. DHM
has been utilized for various biomedical applications, such as cancer research and
sperm cell assessment, as well as for in vitro drug or toxicity testing. Its lensless
version, digital lensless holographic microscopy (DLHM), is an emerging technology
that offers size-reduced, lightweight, and cost-effective imaging systems. These fea-
tures make DLHM applicable, for example, in limited resource laboratories, remote
areas, and point-of-care applications.
Aim: In addition to the abovementioned advantages, in-line arrangements for DLHM
also include the limitation of the twin-image presence, which can restrict accurate
QPI. We therefore propose a compact lensless common-path interferometric off-axis
approach that is capable of quantitative imaging of fast-moving biological speci-
mens, such as living cells in flow.
Approach: We suggest lensless spatially multiplexed interferometric microscopy
(LESSMIM) as a lens-free variant of the previously reported spatially multiplexed
interferometric microscopy (SMIM) concept. LESSMIM comprises a common-path
interferometric architecture that is based on a single diffraction grating to achieve
digital off-axis holography. From a series of single-shot off-axis holograms, twin-
image free and time-resolved QPI is achieved by commonly used methods for
Fourier filtering-based reconstruction, aberration compensation, and numerical
propagation.
Results: Initially, the LESSMIM concept is experimentally demonstrated by results
from a resolution test chart and investigations on temporal stability. Then, the accu-
racy of QPI and capabilities for imaging of living adherent cell cultures is character-
ized. Finally, utilizing a microfluidic channel, the cytometry of suspended cells in flow
is evaluated.
Conclusions: LESSMIM overcomes several limitations of in-line DLHM and pro-
vides fast time-resolved QPI in a compact optical arrangement. In summary,
LESSMIM represents a promising technique with potential biomedical applications
for fast imaging such as in imaging flow cytometry or sperm cell analysis
Partei und Protestbewegung Die SPD Münster und die Friedensinitiative Münster (FIM) im Widerstand gegen den NATO-Doppelbeschluss 1980 bis 1983 Ein Fallbeispiel
No full textPodcast zum Aktionstag gegen Gewalt an Frauen am 25. November:Interview mit Prof. Dr. Leonie Steinl
No full textJede dritte Frau in Deutschland wird im Laufe ihres Lebens Opfer von physischer oder sexualisierter Gewalt. Häufig werden die Taten verschwiegen oder bagatellisiert. Aus diesem Grund findet jährlich am 25. November der Internationale Tag zur Beseitigung von Gewalt gegen Frauen statt. Welche Rolle in diesem Kontext die rechtlichen Konsequenzen für Gewalttaten spielen, erklärt Leonie Steinl, Professorin für Strafrecht, Internationales Strafrecht und interdisziplinäre Rechtsforschung, im neuen Podcast der Universität Münster
Politische Formen symbolischer Kommunikation in den Herrschermessen des 15. bis 17. Jahrhunderts
No full textDer Vortrag beschäftigt sich mit Messvertonungen der Renaissance, die weltlichen Herrschern dediziert sind. Die Dedikationsabsicht der Komponisten ist durch verschiedene kompositorische Verfahren realisiert worden, etwa durch den von Josquin Desprez begründeten Typus der soggetto cavato-Messen oder anhand von Parodiemessen mit eingeflochtenen Spruchbändern. Zunächst wurde eine Typologie dieser Werke erstellt, um Traditionslinien festmachen und die Werke im Gattungskontext der Messe einordnen zu können. Darüber hinaus wurden diese musikimmanenten Faktoren mit den politischen und kontextuellen Entstehungshintergründen der Messen verknüpft, um sie in einem nächsten Schritt für die Deutung symbolischer Kommunikationsformen zu nutzen. Es offenbaren sich hier kommunikative Phänomene im Spannungsfeld zwischen künstlerischer Selbstfindung und traditionsbezogener Selbstvergewisserung, also um Konzepte von imitatio, aemulatio und superatio