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Novel Therapeutic Strategies for Dyslipidemia: First Report of Inclisiran Therapy in a Kidney Transplanted Patient
No full textPsychological teacher characteristics for effective teaching in heterogeneous classrooms – development, changeability, and effects on student learning
No full textPsychologische Lehrkräftemerkmale haben maßgeblichen Einfluss auf unterrichtliche Prozesse und entsprechend auch den Umgang mit Heterogenität. Entscheidend ist zu verstehen, wie und unter welchen Bedingungen sich diese Merkmale verändern, um wirksame Professionalisierungsmaßnahmen zu gestalten. Die Dissertation untersucht die Veränderung solcher Merkmale im Umgang mit Heterogenität und deren Beitrag zum Lernen von Kindern. Studie 1 zeigt über acht Jahre vergleichsweise stabile Lehrkräftemerkmale, wobei die Bedeutung der Selbstwirksamkeit zunimmt. Studie 2 belegt, dass ein frühes Programm zur differenzierten Leseförderung zentrale Lehrkräftemerkmale von Lehramtsstudierenden fördert. Studie 3 verdeutlicht, dass Lehrkraftmerkmale das Lernverhalten und die Motivation von Kindern beeinflussen, welche wiederum deren Leistung prägen. Insgesamt wird die Notwendigkeit gezielter und frühzeitiger Unterstützung von (angehenden) Lehrkräften in der Entwicklung relevanter Lehrkräftemerkmale betont.Teachers’ psychological characteristics substantially shape educational processes and how heterogeneity is addressed. To design effective professionalization, it is crucial to understand when and under which conditions these characteristics change. This dissertation investigates their development and contribution to fostering students’ learning. Study 1 shows that most characteristics remained stable over eight years, while the predictive power of self-efficacy for behavioral intentions increased. Study 2 demonstrates that an early intervention on differentiated reading instruction fostered relevant teacher characteristics. Study 3 highlights that teacher characteristics affected childrens’ learning behavior and motivation, which in turn predicted achievement. Overall, the findings underscore the need for targeted and early support in developing relevant teacher characteristics
Sacubitril Does Not Exert Proarrhythmic Effects in Combination with Different Antiarrhythmic Drugs
No full textBackground: Previous studies suggest a direct effect of sacubitril on cardiac electrophysiology and indicate potential arrhythmic interactions between sacubitril and antiarrhythmic drugs. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the electrophysiologic effects of combining sacubitril with the antiarrhythmic drugs d,l-sotalol and mexiletine in isolated hearts. Methods and results: A total of 25 rabbit hearts were perfused using a Langendorff setup. Following baseline data collection, hearts were treated with mexiletine (25 µM, 13 hearts) or d,l-sotalol (100 µM, 12 hearts). Monophasic action potential demonstrated an abbreviation of action potential duration (APD90) after administration of mexiletine. Spatial dispersion of repolarization remained unchanged after mexiletine treatment, whereas effective refractory periods (ERP) were significantly prolonged. D,l-sotalol prolonged cardiac repolarization and amplified spatial dispersion. Further infusion of sacubitril (5 µM) led to a significant reduction in APD90 and ERP in the mexiletine group. In the d,l-sotalol group, additional administration of sacubitril shortened cardiac repolarization duration without affecting spatial dispersion. No proarrhythmic effect was observed after mexiletine treatment as assessed by a predefined pacing protocol. Additional sacubitril treatment did not increase ventricular vulnerability. When potassium concentration was reduced, 30 episodes of torsade de pointes tachycardia occurred after d,l-sotalol treatment. Additional sacubitril treatment significantly suppressed torsade de pointes tachycardia (eight episodes) in the d,l-sotalol-group. Conclusions: In class IB- and class III-pretreated hearts, sacubitril shortened refractory periods and cardiac repolarization duration. The combination of sacubitril with the antiarrhythmic drugs d,l-sotalol and mexiletine demonstrates a safe electrophysiologic profile and sacubitril reduces the occurrence of class III-related proarrhythmia, i.e., torsade de pointes tachycardia
Self-Adapting Foot Orthosis Inlay Facilitates Handling and Reduces Plantar Pressure Compared to Vacuum-Based Technology
No full textBackground/Objectives: Orthoses are commonly used in the treatment of various foot and ankle injuries and deformities. An effective technology in foot orthoses is a vacuum system to improve the fit and function of the orthosis. Recently, a new technology was designed to facilitate the wearing of the foot orthoses while maintaining function without the need for vacuum suction. Methods: A plantar dynamic pressure distribution measurement was carried out in 25 healthy subjects (13 w/12 m, age 23–58 y) using capacitive measuring insoles in two differently designed inlays within the VACOpedes® orthosis (Group A: vacuum inlay vs. Group B: XELGO® inlay) and a regular off-the-shelf shoe (Group C, OTS). The peak plantar pressure, mean plantar pressure and maximum force were analyzed in the entire foot and in individual regions of the medial and lateral forefoot, the midfoot and the hindfoot. Finally, the wearing comfort was compared using a visual analog scale from 1 to 10 (highest comfort). Results: The peak pressure of both inlays was significantly lower than in the OTS shoe (A: 230.6 ± 44.6 kPa, B: 218.0 ± 49.7 kPa, C: 278.6 ± 50.5 kPa; p < 0.001). In a sub-analysis of the different regions, the XELGO® inlay significantly reduced plantar pressure in the medial forefoot compared to the vacuum orthosis (A: 181.7 ± 45.7 kPa, B: 158.6 ± 51.7 kPa, p < 0.002). The wearing comfort was significantly higher with the XELGO® inlay compared to the vacuum inlay (A: 5.68/10, B: 7.24/10; p < 0.001). Conclusions: The VACOpedes® orthosis with a new XELGO® inlay showed at least equivalent relief in all pressure distribution measurements analyzed and greater relief in the forefoot area than the VACOpedes® orthosis with a vacuum inlay, as well as increased wearing comfort
Structural enrichment for laboratory mice: exploring the effects of novelty and complexity
No full textProviding structural enrichment is a widespread refinement method for laboratory rodents and other animals in captivity. So far, animal welfare research has mostly focused on the effect of increased complexity either by accumulating or combining different enrichment items. However, increasing complexity is not the only possibility to refine housing conditions. Another refinement option is to increase novelty by regularly exchanging known enrichment items with new ones. In the present study, we used pair-housed non-breeding female C57BL/6J and DBA/2N mice to investigate the effect of novelty when applying structural enrichment. We used a double cage system, in which one cage served as home cage and the other as extra cage. While the home cage was furnished in the same way for all mice, in the extra cage we either provided only space with no additional enrichment items (space), a fixed set of enrichment items (complexity), or a changing set of enrichment items (novelty). Over 5 weeks, we assessed spontaneous behaviors, body weight, and extra cage usage as indicators of welfare and preference. Our main results showed that mice with access to structurally enriched extra cages (complexity and novelty) spent more time in their extra cages and complexity mice had lower latencies to enter their extra cages than mice with access to the extra cages without any structural enrichment (space). This indicates that the mice preferred the structurally enriched extra cages over the structurally non-enriched space cages. We found only one statistically significant difference between the novelty and complexity condition: during week 3, novelty mice spent more time in their extra cages than complexity mice. Although we did not detect any other significant differences between the novelty and complexity condition in the present study, more research is required to further explore the potential benefits of novelty beyond complexity
Unraveling haplotype errors in the DFNA33 locus
No full textGenetic heterogeneity makes it difficult to identify the causal genes for hearing loss. Studies from previous decades have mapped numerous genetic loci, providing critical supporting evidence for gene discovery studies. Despite widespread sequencing accessibility, many historically mapped loci remain without a causal gene. The DFNA33 locus was mapped in 2009 and coincidentally contains 'ATP11A', a gene recently associated with autosomal dominant hearing loss and auditory neuropathy type 2. In a rare opportunity, we genome-sequenced a member of the original family to determine whether the DFNA33 locus may also be assigned to 'ATP11A'. We identified a deep intronic variant in 'ATP11A' that showed evidence of functionally normal splicing. Furthermore, we re-assessed haplotypes from the originally published DFNA33 family and identified two double recombination events and one triple recombination event in the pedigree, a highly unlikely occurrence, especially at this scale. This brief research report also serves as a call to the community to revisit families who have previously been involved in gene mapping studies, provide closure, and resolve these historical loci
Von Skepsis zur Zuversicht. Deutschland im Visier niederländischer politischer Zeichner 1945-2020
No full textDas Verhältnis zwischen den Niederlanden und Deutschland war lange Zeit von einem Widerspruch geprägt. Annäherung aufgrund er ökonomischen und sicherheitspolitischen Interessen der Niederlande, Ablehnung und große Skepsis aufgrund der problematischen historischen Erfahrungen mit dem Nachbarstaat. Diese Untersuchung machte diesen Zwiespalt auch in den politischen Zeichnungen sichtbar. Deren Deutschlandbild verändert sich jedoch mit der Normalisierung der vielfältigen Beziehungen beider Länder, wodurch der Blick der Zeichner auf Deutschland weniger aufgeregt wurde. In den 75 Jahren kommentierten die niederländischen politischen Zeichner allerdings immer wieder Entwicklungen in Deutschland mit Skepsis und zum Teil mit scharfer Kritik. Das Deutschlandbild wird wahrscheinlich auch in Zukunft Schwankungen ausgesetzt sein, ausgelöst durch den Gegensatz zwischen einem großen, mächtigeren Land und einem kleinen Land mit geringerem Einfluss, zu sehen dann auch in den politischen Zeichnungen
Where Does Gaze Lead? Integrating Gaze and Motion for Enhanced 3D Pose Estimation
No full textUnderstanding and estimating body pose is becoming increasingly important for enhancing user experiences in Virtual Reality (VR). Eye gaze, in particular, plays a critical role in many VR and Augmented Reality (AR) applications. In this paper, we present GaMo, a novel dataset that integrates gaze data and human joint motion capture data during both inter-subject interactions and subjectenvironment engagements. This dataset provides a comprehensive foundation for advanced pose estimation, enabling the modeling of interactions between users and their surroundings. Based on this dataset, we present the PoseFusionNet model, composed of a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) module, and a Transformer Encoder module, focusing on the impact of gaze on body pose estimation. Our model utilizes data from a head-mounted display (HMD), left and right controllers, and 15 previous frames of gaze data to predict the current frame’s pose. Experimental results demonstrate that incorporating gaze data alongside detailed joint information significantly improves pose estimation accuracy
Institutionelle Konfigurationen in der internationalen Investitionsforschung
No full textIn the area of International Business (IB), a substantial body of research has accumulated analyzing the effect of various host country characteristics on foreign direct investments (FDI). Special attention has been given to institutions. However, the conventional approach of addressing institutions in IB research has recently been criticized for not paying sufficient attention to the interrelationships among institutions. We address those calls and conceptualize institutions as “holistic systems composed of interrelated components” (Kim & Aguilera 2016, p. 149) and employ the fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) to investigate the interrelated effect of formal and informal institutions on FDI inflows. In our empirical methodology, we use data on FDI and formal and informal institutions from 57 countries. The results support the configurational approach and corroborate a systemic view on the effect of institutions on FDI. Our study contributes to a more nuanced understanding of the workings of institutions on FDI and demonstrate the value in adopting a configurational perspective in institutional research.Viele Studien haben sich im Bereich International Business (IB) mit den Auswirkungen verschiedener Ländercharakteristika auf ausländische Direktinvestitionen (ADI) befasst. Insbesondere der Analyse von Institutionen wurde in diesem Zusammenhang besondere Aufmerksamkeit gewidmet. Der herkömmliche Ansatz, Institutionen in der IB-Forschung zu berücksichtigen, ist jedoch in letzter Zeit zunehmend kritisiert worden, da er den Wechselbeziehungen zwischen einzelnen institutionellen Elementen nicht genügend Aufmerksamkeit schenkt. Wir greifen diese Kritik auf und konzeptualisieren Institutionen als „ganzheitliches System zusammenhängender Elemente“ (Kim & Aguilera 2016, S. 149; eigene Übersetzung) und verwenden die Fuzzy Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA), um die zusammenhängende Wirkung von formellen und informellen Institutionen auf ADI-Zuflüsse zu untersuchen. In unserer empirischen Methodik verwenden wir Daten über ADI und formelle und informelle Institutionen aus 57 Ländern. Unsere Ergebnisse unterstützen den Konfigurationsansatz und bestätigen eine systemische Sichtweise auf die Auswirkungen von Institutionen auf ADI. Unsere Studie trägt zu einem differenzierteren Verständnis der Wirkungsweise von Institutionen auf ADI bei und verdeutlicht den Wert der konfigurativen Perspektive in der institutionellen Forschung
Metrics for Time-to-Event Prediction of Gaze Events
No full textIn this paper, we explore metrics for the evaluation of time-to-saccade problems. We define
a new sampling strategy that takes the temporal nature of gaze data and time-to-saccade
problems into account, avoiding samples of the same event in different datasets. This allows
us to define novel error metrics for a more intuitive evaluation of predicted durations. The metrics are defined to evaluate the consistency of a predictor and the evaluation of the error over time. We evaluate our method using a state-of-the-art method for time-to-saccade prediction along with an average baseline on three different datasets