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Left Behind Economically or Politically? Economic Grievances, Representation, and Populist Attitudes
No full textResearch on the relationship between discontent and populist attitudes abounds. However, whether this discontent arises in response to economic grievances or a perceived lack of representation remains understudied. While previous research has considered both as independent factors, we assume their interaction drives populist attitudes. We argue that deprivation and sentiments of being left behind exacerbate the feeling that one’s policy positions are not recognized and represented in politics. To test this claim empirically, we draw on recent data from the German Longitudinal Election Study of 2021. We combine egocentric and sociotropic indicators of being left behind and interact these with the perceived distance of one’s own policy positions to the positions of the opposition and government parties represented in parliament. We find that both perceptions of personal and societal deprivation, as well as a greater perceived distance from the government, are associated with populist attitudes. Furthermore, we find that the effect of distance from the government is contingent on someone’s economic position, albeit the direction of the interaction effect contradicts our initial expectations: The effect of perceived ideological distance from the government on populist attitudes is primarily reinforced among those who are better off rather than for those who struggle economically. This implies that populist attitudes ought to be addressed depending on the source of discontent rather than treating populism as a general expression of indiscriminate protest. Our analysis contributes to understanding the various origins of populist attitudes and to developing possible ways of mitigation
Podcast: Einfach mal wieder eine Rolle vorwärts machen :Gespräch zum Tag der Rückengesundheit mit Bewegungswissenschaftler Heiko Wagner
No full textImmer in Bewegung bleiben: Dies ist und bleibt die beste "Medizin" gegen Rückenschmerzen. Spaziergänge, Sport und Gymnastik helfen dabei, die Rückenmuskeln zu stärken und die Wirbelsäule zu stabilisieren. "Es muss nicht immer das Krafttraining im Fitnessstudio sein. Auch einfache Bewegungen helfen beim Erhalt oder dem Aufbau von Muskeln", betont Bewegungswissenschaftler Prof. Dr. Heiko Wagner vom Institut für Sportwissenschaft in der neuen Folge des "Umdenken"-Podcasts der Universität Münster mit Blick auf den Tag der Rückengesundheit am 15. März. Im Gespräch erklärt er außerdem den Zusammenhang zwischen Rückenschmerzen und psychischen Faktoren und gibt weitere Tipps, um der "Volkskrankheit" vorzubeugen
The illustrative case of the HYBRIT fossil-free steel production initiative in the perspective of industrial symbiosis and convergence
No full textThe Replication Database: Documenting the Replicability of Psychological Science
No full textIn psychological science, replicability—repeating a study with a new sample achieving consistent results (Parsons et al., 2022)—is critical for affirming the validity of scientific findings. Despite its importance, replication efforts are few and far between in psychological science with many attempts failing to corroborate past findings. This scarcity, compounded by the difficulty in accessing replication data, jeopardizes the efficient allocation of research resources and impedes scientific advancement. Addressing this crucial gap, we present the 'Replication Database' (https://forrt-replications.shinyapps.io/fred_explorer), a novel platform hosting 1,239 original findings paired with replication findings. The infrastructure of this database allows researchers to submit, access, and engage with replication findings. The database makes replications visible, easily findable via a graphical user interface, and tracks replication rates across various factors, such as publication year or journal. This will facilitate future efforts to evaluate the robustness of psychological research
Vascular response patterns to targeted therapies in murine breast cancer models with divergent degrees of malignancy
No full textBackground: Response assessment of targeted cancer therapies is becoming increasingly challenging, as it is not adequately assessable with conventional morphological and volumetric analyses of tumor lesions. The tumor microenvironment is particularly constituted by tumor vasculature which is altered by various targeted therapies. The aim of this study was to noninvasively assess changes in tumor perfusion and vessel permeability after targeted therapy in murine models of breast cancer with divergent degrees of malignancy. Methods: Low malignant 67NR or highly malignant 4T1 tumor-bearing mice were treated with either the multi-kinase inhibitor sorafenib or immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI, combination of anti-PD1 and anti-CTLA4). Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) with i.v. injection of albumin-binding gadofosveset was conducted on a 9.4 T small animal MRI. Ex vivo validation of MRI results was achieved by transmission electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Results:
Therapy-induced changes in tumor vasculature differed between low and highly malignant tumors. Sorafenib treatment led to decreased tumor perfusion and endothelial permeability in low malignant 67NR tumors. In contrast, highly malignant 4T1 tumors demonstrated characteristics of a transient window of vascular normalization with an increase in tumor perfusion and permeability early after therapy initiation, followed by decreased perfusion and permeability parameters. In the low malignant 67NR model, ICI treatment also mediated vessel-stabilizing effects with decreased tumor perfusion and permeability, while ICI-treated 4T1 tumors exhibited increasing tumor perfusion with excessive vascular leakage. Conclusion: DCE-MRI enables noninvasive assessment of early changes in tumor vasculature after targeted therapies, revealing different response patterns between tumors with divergent degrees of malignancy. DCE-derived tumor perfusion and permeability parameters may serve as vascular biomarkers that allow for repetitive examination of response to antiangiogenic treatment or immunotherapy
Visual perception of the optic flow and biological motion during locomotion
No full textVisuelle Navigation durch eine belebte Umgebung erscheint mühelos. Dennoch ist die gleichzeitige Verarbeitung der Eigenbewegung und der biologischen Bewegung von Menschen eine schwierige Aufgabe, bei der zwei unabhängige Arten von Bewegungen zu berücksichtigen sind. Die Eigenbewegung erzeugt ein globales Muster sich ausbreitender visueller Bewegung, die als optischer Fluss bezeichnet wird. Auf dieser Grundlage ist eine präzise Navigation mathematisch möglich und empirisch bestätigt. Menschliche Bewegung ist ein rhythmisches und doch komplexes Bewegungsmuster. Die biologische Bewegung von Menschen während der Eigenbewegung erzeugt ein Wechselspiel. Einerseits zerstört die biologische Bewegung die Struktur des optischen Flusses, was die Navigation erschwert und zu Fehlern führt. Andererseits enthält biologische Bewegung valide Hinweise auf Geschwindigkeit und Bewegungsrichtung, die zu einer genauen Fortbewegung beitragen. Diese Dissertation befasst sich mit der Doppelrolle der biologischen Bewegung in Kombination mit Eigenbewegung. In drei aufeinander folgenden Studien haben wir herausgefunden, dass die Bewegung der Gelenke bei der biologischen Bewegung eine besondere Rolle spielt, und wir konnten Verarbeitungsmechanismen aufzeigen, die über eine reine Vektoranalyse hinausgehen.Visual navigation through a busy, crowded environment seems to be effortless. Yet simultaneously processing self-motion and pedestrians' biological motion is a perceptually difficult task involving two independent types of motion. Self-motion creates a global pattern of expanding visual motion cues called optic flow. Based on the optic flow, precise navigation is mathematically feasible and empirically confirmed. The human gait cycle is a rhythmic yet complex motion pattern. Biological motion from pedestrians creates a two-sided interplay. On the one hand, biological motion destroys the optic flow field structure, impeding navigation and leading to heading biases. On the other hand, pedestrian motion contains valid cues about speed and motion direction that contribute to accurate locomotion. This dissertation takes up the dual role of biological motion when combined with self-motion. Throughout three consecutive studies, we found that the limb articulation of biological motion plays a specific role, and we could see evidence for drivers extending pure motion vector analysis
A bi-kinase module sensitizes and potentiates plant immune signaling
No full textSystemic signaling is an essential hallmark of multicellular life. Pathogen encounter occurs locally but triggers organ-scale and organismic immune responses. In plants, elicitor perception provokes systemically expanding Ca2+ and H2O2 signals conferring immunity. Here, we identify a Ca2+ sensing bi-kinase module as becoming super-activated through mutual phosphorylation and as imposing synergistically enhanced NADPH oxidase activation. A combined two-layer bi-kinase/substrate phospho-code allows for sensitized signaling initiation already by near-resting elevations of Ca2+ concentration. Subsequently, it facilitates further signal wave proliferation with minimal Ca2+ amplitude requirement, triggering protective defense responses throughout the plant. Our study reveals how plants build and perpetuate trans-cellular immune signal proliferation while avoiding disturbance of ongoing cellular signaling along the path of response dissemination
A cup product obstruction to Frobenius stability
No full textA countable discrete group Γ is said to be Frobenius stable if a function from the group that is "almost multiplicative" in the point Frobenius norm topology is "close" to a genuine unitary representation in the same topology. The purpose of this paper is to show that if Γ is finitely generated and a non-torsion element of H2(T; Z) can be written as a cup product of two elements in H1(T; Z), then Γ is not Frobenius stable. In general, 2-cohomology does not obstruct Frobenius stability. Some examples are discussed, including Thompson’s group F and Houghton’s group H3. The argument is sufficiently general to show that the same condition implies non-stability in unnormalized Schatten p-norms for
1 < p ≤ ∞
Supervision and Review of Dissertations Combined or Separately
No full textTraditionell sind Betreuung und Begutachtung von Dissertationen an deutschen Universitäten vereint. In NRW soll das künftig gesetzlich verboten bzw. nur noch als begründungspflichtige Ausnahme auf Wunsch des Doktoranden erlaubt werden. Diese führt jedoch weder zu inhaltlich besseren Promotionsgutachten noch zu einem besseren Schutz von Doktoranden, sondern es gehen wichtige Informationen sowie Anreize des Betreuers verloren. Auch die geplante Pflicht, Zweit- und weitere Gutachten ohne Kenntnis der vorherigen Gutachten zu erstellen, nimmt den Gutachtern wertvolle Informationen und verschlechtert den wissenschaftlichen Diskurs.Traditionally, the supervision and review of dissertations at German universities are intertwined.
In North Rhine-Westphalia, the state government intends to prohibit this by law in the future, or to permit it only in exceptional cases upon a justified request from doctoral candidates. However, this will neither lead to better dissertation reviews nor better protection for doctoral candidates; rather, it will result in the loss of important information and incentives for supervisors. The additionally planned requirement to prepare second and follow-up reviews without knowledge of the previous reviews also deprives the reviewers of valuable information and impairs academic discourse
Bilateral Iliosacral and Transsacral Screws Are Biomechanically Favorable and Reduce the Risk for Fracture Progression in Fragility Fractures of the Pelvis—A Finite Element Analysis
No full text(1) Background: The incidence of fragility fractures of the pelvis (FFP) has increased significantly over the past decades. Unilateral non-displaced fractures, defined as FFP II, are the most common type of fracture. When conservative treatment fails, surgical treatment is indicated. We hypothesize that the use of bilateral SI screws (BSIs) or a transsacral screw (TSI) is superior compared to a unilateral screw (USI) because of a significant reduction in the risk of adjacent fractures and a reduction in fracture progression. (2) Methods: A finite element model of a female pelvic ring was constructed. The ligaments were simulated as tension springs. The load was applied through the sacrum with the pelvis fixed to both acetabula. An FFP IIc was simulated and fixed with either a USI or BSI or TSI. The models were analyzed for a quantitative statement of stress and fracture dislocation. (3) Results: The BSI and TSI resulted in less dislocation compared to the USI. The stress distribution on both sides of the sacrum was favorable in the BSI and TSI groups. The BSI resulted in a higher rotational stability compared to the TSI. (4) Conclusions: The use of either a BSI or TSI for fixation of unilateral FFP is biomechanically favorable compared to the use of a USI. In addition, the use of a BSI or TSI reduces the stress on the contralateral uninjured side of the sacrum. This may reduce the risk of an adjacent fracture or fracture progression