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Mastopexy Strategies for Ptotic Breasts in Patients Choosing Autologous Reconstruction Following Prophylactic Mastectomy
No full textBackground: Autologous breast reconstruction is a reliable solution for many patients after mastectomy. While this technique represents a standardized approach in many patients, patients with ptotic breasts may require a combination of procedures to achieve an aesthetically pleasing result. Methods: We reviewed the mastectomy and free-flap breast reconstruction procedures performed at our institution from 2018 to 2022 in patients with ptotic breasts. The technique used to address the ptosis was put in focus as we present the four strategies used by our reconstructive surgeons. We performed two different one-stage and two different two-stage procedures. The difference between the two-stage procedures was the way the nipple areola complex was treated (inferior dermal pedicle or free skin graft). The difference between the one-stage procedures was the time of execution of the mastopexy/breast reduction (before or after the mastectomy and autologous breast reconstruction). Results: The one-stage procedure was performed with a free NAC in three patients and with a pedicled NAC in five patients. The two-stage procedure was performed in seven patients, with six of them undergoing mastopexy before and one patient undergoing mastopexy after the bilateral mastectomy and autologous reconstruction. No flap loss or total loss of the nipple areola complex occurred. Partial NAC loss was observed in five breasts in the single-stage group without any occurrence in the double-stage group. Conclusions: While both one- and two-stage procedures were performed in a safe fashion with satisfactory results at our institution, larger trials are required to determine which procedure may yield the best possible outcomes. These outcomes should also include oncological safety and patient-reported outcomes
Hanse-Kolloquium zur Hochschuldidaktik der Mathematik 2021:Beiträge zum gleichnamigen Online-Symposium am 12. November 2021 aus Bochum
No full textFür das Hansekolloquium zur Hochschuldidaktik der Mathematik gab es 2021 in Bochum gleich zwei Schwerpunkte, die aber durchaus miteinander verbunden sind: "Kompetenzorientiertes digitales Prüfen" sowie "Herausforderungen und Unterstützung von Studienanfängerinnen vor und nach Corona". Auch wenn in der Formulierung "während Corona" nicht vorkommt, gab es einige Beiträge, die sich explizit dieser Zeit gewidmet haben, insbesondere hat die Durchführung digitaler Prüfungen während der Corona-Pandemie viele Hochschulen vor große Herausforderungen gestellt. Mit dem Blick nach vorn sind gerade die bewährten Konzepte, die auch die Kompetenzorientierung mitberücksichtigen, von besonderem Interesse. Insgesamt wurden mit den beiden Schwerpunkten vielfältige aktuelle Fragen aus den vergangenen, besonders herausfordernden Semestern aufgegriffen. Der vorliegende Band umfasst 21 Beiträge, darunter einen Hauptbeitrag von Stefanie Rach, Stefan Ufer und Daniel Sommerhoff. Die adressierten Themen zeigen eine große Vielfalt, beispielsweise: •Mathematisches Argumentieren, Begründen und Beweisen von Studierenden sowie damit verbundene Schwierigkeiten und Lösungsansätze. •Anregungen für Sprechanlässe und Berücksichtigung des diskursiven Charakters im Mathematikstudium vor dem Hintergrund einer sprachsensiblen Hochschullehre. •Vor- und Brückenkurse als Vorbereitung auf ein mathematikhaltiges Studium, aber auch Unterstützungsangebote in der Studieneingangsphase, etwa in Form eines Orientierungsstudiums. •Möglichkeiten zur Gestaltung aktivierender Mathematikvideos sowie Potenziale von Mathematiklernvideos aus der Sicht von Studierenden. •Digitale Lernangebote zur Förderung der geometrischen Begriffsbildung oder zum Einsatz in Stochastik-Lehrveranstaltungen. •Elektronische Prüfungen etwa mit Blick auf die Effizienz der Prüfungsdurchführung, den didaktischen Mehrwert sowie die Individualisierung des Prüfungsprozesses. •Entwicklung affektiver Merkmale, wie Interesse, Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung oder Motivatio
How Should We Treat Meningeal Melanocytoma? A Retrospective Analysis of Potential Treatment Strategies
No full textBackground: Meningeal melanocytomas (MM) are rare primary melanocytic tumors of the leptomeninges with an incidence of 1:10,000,000. Until now, there has been only sparse information about this tumor entity. Here, we provide a meta-analysis of all cases published in the English language since 1972. Methods: A literature review was performed using PubMed and Web of Science. All published cases were evaluated for location, sex, age, therapeutic approach, and outcome. In total, we included 201 patient cases in our meta–analysis. Results: The majority of MM was diagnosed more frequently in men between the third and fifth decade of life. Surgery is the preferred therapeutic approach, and total resection is associated with the best outcome. Patients with partial resection or tumor recurrence benefit from adjuvant radiotherapy, whereas chemo- or immunotherapies do not improve the disease course. Malignant transformation was described in 18 patients. Of these, 11 patients developed metastasis. Conclusions: We present the first retrospective meta-analysis of all MM cases published in the English language, including an evaluation of different treatment strategies allowing us to suggest a novel treatment guideline highlighting the importance of total resection for recurrence–free survival and characterizing those cases which benefit from adjuvant radiotherapy
Implant Survival, Clinical Outcome and Complications of Megaprosthetic Reconstructions Following Sarcoma Resection
No full textMegaprosthetic reconstruction of segmental bone defects following sarcoma resection is a frequently chosen surgical approach in orthopedic oncology. While the use of megaprostheses has gained popularity over the last decades and such implants are increasingly used for metastatic reconstructions and in non-tumor cases, there still is a high risk of long-term complications leading to revision surgery. This article investigates current implant survivorship, frequency and types of complications as well as functional outcomes of upper and lower limb megaprosthetic reconstructions.Simple Summary: Malignant bone and soft tissue tumors are usually surgically removed with an envelope of healthy tissue as a barrier. If located in the long bones of the upper and lower extremity, this approach leads to a large bone defect commonly affecting a joint. One way to rebuild the bone defect and the neighboring joint is the use of a megaprosthesis that is anchored in the remaining bone comparable to a conventional joint replacement. In general this approach is popular as it provides early stability and allows the affected patient to begin rehabilitation early on. However, complications leading to long-term unplanned reoperation are common. This article provides an overview of current implant survival, types of complication and long-term outcomes of megaprostheses used following tumor resection
Individual‐Level Predictors of Conspiracy Mentality in Germany and Poland
No full textConspiracy mentality (CM), the general propensity to believe in conspiracy theories, has been linked to political behaviors, prejudice, and non‐compliance with public health guidelines. While there is increasing evidence that conspiracy beliefs are pervasive, research on individual‐level predictors of CM is scarce. Specifically, we identify three gaps in research: First, evidence on the question which individual‐level characteristics predict CM is inconsistent and often based on small samples. Second, personality, political, and religious predictors are usually examined in isolation. Third, differences on the societal level have been mostly neglected. In the present research, we gathered CAWI (Study 1) and CATI (Study 2) data on generalized interpersonal trust (GIT), right‐wing authoritarianism (RWA), and religiosity in two politically and culturally different European countries, namely Germany (N = 2,760) and Poland (N = 2,651). This allowed for a well‐powered test of three theoretically relevant predictors of CM, including their unique predictive value. Moreover, we were able to explore whether these associations replicate across or are moderated by country context. Our findings underline the role of GIT and RWA in predicting CM in both countries. Analyses based on RWA subdimensions yielded a differentiated picture of the role of RWA. Furthermore, we found cross‐country differences with stronger associations of GIT and RWA with CM in Germany. Findings are discussed concerning political and religious differences between the examined countries
Inhibitory control in young adult women with fetal alcohol syndrome: Findings from a pilot functional magnetic resonance imaging study
No full textExecutive dysfunction, especially impaired inhibitory control, is a common finding in individuals with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). Previous research has mostly focused on neural correlates of inhibitory deficits in children and adolescents. We investigated inhibitory functions and underlying cerebral activation patterns in young adult women with FAS. Task performance and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were acquired during a Go/NoGo (GNG) inhibition task in 19 young adult women with FAS and 19 healthy female control subjects. Whole-brain activation and task performance analyses were supplemented by region of interest (ROI) analyses of fMRI data within a predefined cognitive control network (CCN). Task performance did not differ significantly between groups on errors of commission, associated with inhibitory control. Similarly, overall activation within the preselected ROIs did not differ significantly between groups for the main inhibitory contrast NoGo > Go. However, whole-brain analyses revealed activation differences in the FAS group when compared to controls under inhibitory conditions. This included hyperactivations in the left inferior frontal, superior temporal, and supramarginal gyri in the FAS group. Likewise, lateralization tendencies toward right-hemispheric ROIs were weaker in FAS subjects. In contrast to comparable inhibitory performance, attention-related errors of omission were significantly higher in the FAS group. Correspondingly, FAS subjects had lower activity in attention-related temporal and parietal areas
Inszenierung
No full textDer Begriff "Inszenierung" hat in Anlehnung an das französische mettre en scène bzw. mise en scène in der ersten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts als Terminus der Theatertheorie in den deutschen Sprachgebrauch Eingang gefunden. Im Anschluss an eine erste Definition wird hier das theatertheoretische Begriffsverständnis als fruchtbarer Ausgangspunkt genutzt, um Inszenierung im Forschungsfeld "Recht und Literatur" zu verstehen. Denn nicht nur Theatertexte können inszeniert werden, auch das Recht wird in Gerichtsverfahren auf die Bühne gebracht. Wie und gegebenenfalls in welcher Form machen sich Recht und Theater die Inszenierungsbegriffe der jeweils anderen Seite zu eigen? Welche Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede prägen diese Begriffe? Und werden Erzählräume von Theater oder Gericht vielleicht sogar durch die Inszenierungsnarrative der jeweils anderen Seite konstitutiv begründet? Um sich diesen Fragen zu nähern, wird hier der Inszenierungsbegriff von den verwandten Konzepten Theatralität, Performativität und Ritual abgegrenzt.As a term from theatre studies, the French mettre en scène or mise en scène found its way into German language use as 'Inszenierung' in the first half of the 19th century. Following an initial definition, theatre studies' understanding of the term will be used as a fruitful starting point to comprehend mise-en-scène in the research area of 'law and literature'. For not only dramatic texts can be staged, but the law is also staged in court proceedings. How and, if applicable, in which form do law and theatre make use of each other's notions of mise-en-scène? Which similarities and differences form these notions? And are the narrative spaces of theatre and law perhaps even constitutively founded on the respective other? To approach these questions, the notion of the mise-en-scène will be contrasted with the related concepts of theatricality, performativity and ritual
InterCellar enables interactive analysis and exploration of cell−cell communication in single-cell transcriptomic data
No full textDeciphering cell−cell communication is a key step in understanding the physiology and pathology of multicellular systems. Recent advances in single-cell transcriptomics have contributed to unraveling the cellular composition of tissues and enabled the development of computational algorithms to predict cellular communication mediated by ligand−receptor interactions. Despite the existence of various tools capable of inferring cell−cell interactions from single-cell RNA sequencing data, the analysis and interpretation of the biological signals often require deep computational expertize. Here we present InterCellar, an interactive platform empowering lab-scientists to analyze and explore predicted cell−cell communication without requiring programming skills. InterCellar guides the biological interpretation through customized analysis steps, multiple visualization options, and the possibility to link biological pathways to ligand−receptor interactions. Alongside convenient data exploration features, InterCellar implements data-driven analyses including the possibility to compare cell−cell communication from multiple conditions. By analyzing COVID-19 and melanoma cell−cell interactions, we show that InterCellar resolves data-driven patterns of communication and highlights molecular signals through the integration of biological functions and pathways. We believe our user-friendly, interactive platform will help streamline the analysis of cell−cell communication and facilitate hypothesis generation in diverse biological systems