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Wilhelm Schapp
No full textWilhelm Schapp war ein deutscher Philosoph, Rechtsanwalt und Notar, der eine "Philosophie der Geschichten" entwickelt hat, die für die Erforschung der Relevanz von Narrativen wie der Fallgeschichte, der Legitimationserzählung, der Darstellung eines Beschuldigten in Anzeigen, Anklage- oder Verteidigungsschriften sowie in zahlreichen weiteren rechtlichen Verwendungskontexten fruchtbare Ansatzpunkte bietet. Im Mittelpunkt von Schapps Geschichtenphilosophie steht das In-Geschichten-Verstricktsein des Menschen und dessen Bedeutung für das Verstehen und Erfassen von Mensch und Welt, in rechtsphilosophischer Perspektive v.a. die Beziehung zwischen Geschichten und Fall. Die Geschichtenphilosophie wird insbesondere im Kontext der narrativen Philosophie sowie im interdisziplinären wissenschaftlichen Diskurs rezipiert, wobei Psychologie, Pädagogik, Kulturwissenschaften und Rechtsphänomenologie hervorzuheben sind.Wilhelm Schapp was a German philosopher, attorney and notary, who developed a "philosophy of stories", that provides fruitful starting points for research on the relevance of narratives like case stories, legitimizing tales, the presentation of the defendant in complaints, indictments or pleadings as well as in countless other legal contexts of application. At the centre of Schapp’s narrative philosophy stands humanity's entanglement with stories und its meaning for understanding and measuring humanity and the world, from a legal philosophical perspective specifically the relation between story and case. His approach was particularly received in the context of narrative philosophy as well as in interdisciplinary academic discourse, most notably in psychology, pedagogy, cultural studies and legal phenomenology
An active systemic industrial policy for climate-neutral process industries in Europe
No full textTo achieve climate neutrality, as envisaged in the Paris Agreement and the European Green Deal, the energy-intensive process industries play a key role. However, shifting their energy base to non-fossil sources and to reduce non-energy related emissions, is a major challenge. For this transformation to succeed, new forms of cooperation between industry, society and politics are needed. Next to a policy mix including marked-based instruments (e.g., the ETS), faster planning processes and public investments in infrastructure are necessary. Moreover, policies should as well accompany “ex-innovation” processes. For process industries, this means that in addition to product and process innovation and improving market access, they need to proactively engage with their communities
Analysis of a turbulent wind field in a street canyon: Good agreement between LES model results and data from a mobile platform
No full textUrban wind fields are of concern because the near-ground wind vector drives the ventilation of cities, which involves, among other things, the translocation and dilution of air pollutants. To study flow patterns in the urban atmospheric boundary layer, turbulence-resolving tools are needed since numerous roughness elements are present that cause the flow to be of highly turbulent nature. Therefore, we developed a mobile, fastresponse measurement platform that is situated on a cargo bicycle. This mobile platform was deployed in a case study collecting data at street level within a complex, urban area that includes street canyons, open squares, street intersections as well as courtyard entrances. Results were compared to numerical large eddy simulation (LES) data from the model PALM. Outcomes of both methods were qualitatively analyzed; results show that both methods were able to identify complex flow patterns, including small-scale structures such as jetting flows, vortices, recirculation areas, and a convergence zone where air masses collide. Results of both methods generally matched well, even for areas that featured highly complex, three-dimensional flow structures. We conclude that both the model PALM and the mobile platform are valuable tools for gathering insights about complex flow structures in real-world environments
A Robust One-Step Recombineering System for Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli
No full textEnterohemorrhagic 'Escherichia coli' (EHEC) can cause severe diarrheic in humans. To improve therapy options, a better understanding of EHEC pathogenicity is essential. The genetic manipulation of EHEC with classical one-step methods, such as the transient overexpression of the phage lambda (λ) Red functions, is not very efficient. Here, we provide a robust and reliable method for increasing recombineering efficiency in EHEC based on the transient coexpression of 'recX' together with 'gam, beta, and exo'. We demonstrate that the genetic manipulation is 3–4 times more efficient in EHEC O157:H7 EDL933 Δstx1/2 with our method when compared to the overexpression of the λ Red functions alone. Both recombineering systems demonstrated similar efficiencies in 'Escherichia coli' K-12 MG1655. Coexpression of 'recX' did not enhance the Gam-mediated inhibition of sparfloxacin-mediated SOS response. Therefore, the additional inhibition of the RecFOR pathway rather than a stronger inhibition of the RecBCD pathway of SOS response induction might have resulted in the increased recombineering efficiency by indirectly blocking phage induction. Even though additional experiments are required to unravel the precise mechanistic details of the improved recombineering efficiency, we recommend the use of our method for the robust genetic manipulation of EHEC and other prophage-carrying 'E. coli' isolates
Impact of COVID-19 on Teaching and Way of Working of University Employees:A Survey at 13 German-speaking Universities
No full textUm das Ausmaß und die Auswirkungen der pandemiebedingten Änderungen und Belastungen auf Hochschulbeschäftigte zu untersuchen, haben wir im Juni 2021 eine Umfrage an 13 deutschsprachigen Hochschulen in Deutschland und Österreich durchgeführt. Befragt wurden hierbei wissenschaftliche sowie nichtwissenschaftliche Beschäftigte privater und öffentlicher Hochschulen aus den Bereichen Wirtschaftswissenschaften, Naturwissenschaften, Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaften. Die Umfrageteilnehmer wurden unter anderem zu Veränderungen in den Bereichen Arbeitsort, Arbeitsbelastung, Lehre und Arbeitszufriedenheit befragt. Deutlich wurde, dass sie allgemein eine Erhöhung von Stress und Belastung wahrnahmen. Das Arbeiten von Zuhause aus ebenso wie weitere Veränderungen während der Pandemie, beispielsweise die mangelnde Kinderbetreuung, hatten Auswirkungen auf die Hochschulbeschäftigten. Dabei gab es auch positive Ergebnisse. Vielen de Befragten sagte die Arbeit im Homeoffice
zu und auch Prüfungs- und Evaluationsergebnisse blieben nach Aussage der teilnehmenden Lehrenden weitestgehend unverändert. Unterschiede scheint es vor allem zu geben zwischen Lehrenden und Nicht-Lehrenden sowie bei Personen, die sich mit den Änderungen der Digitalisierung schwertun, gegenüber solchen, denen die Digitalisierung leichtfällt.To examine the extent and the impact of the pandemic-related changes and burdens on university employees we conducted a survey at 13 German-speaking universities in Germany and Austria in June 2021. Academic and non-academic employees from private and public universities in the fields of economics, natural sciences, humanities and social sciences were surveyed. Participants were asked about changes in the areas of work location, workload, teaching and job satisfaction, among other things. It became clear that they perceived an increase in stress and workload in general. Working from home as well as other changes during the pandemic, such as the lack of childcare, have had an impact on university staff. However, there were also positive results. Many of those surveyed enjoyed working from home and, according to the participating university teachers, the examination and evaluation results remained largely unchanged. The main differences seem to exist between teachers and non-teachers, as well as between people who find it difficult to deal with the changes brought about by digitisation versus those who find it easy
Beliefs von Lehrkräften zum Einsatz von Arbeitsmitteln im arithmetischen Anfangsunterricht für Kinder mit Förderbedarf im Bereich Lernen
No full textDie Erforschung von Beliefs von Lehrkräften hat sich in den letzten Jahrzehnten in der Mathematikdidaktik etabliert. Übereinstimmend wird hervorgehoben, dass Beliefs von Lehrkräften die Ausgestaltung von Unterricht und damit den Lernerfolg der unterrichteten Schüler*innen beeinflussen. Die Rekonstruktion von Beliefs ist demnach ein wichtiger Schlüssel zum Erfassen der professionellen Handlungskompetenz von Lehrkräften. Im vorliegenden Buch wird von einer Diskrepanz zwischen der Bedeutung von Arbeitsmitteln für das arithmetische Lernen von Schüler*innen mit einem diagnostizierten sonderpädagogischen Förderbedarf im Bereich Lernen und der empirischen Beliefforschung ausgegangen, die bislang nicht auf einen Stellenwert materialgestützten Arbeitens verweist. Die hier vorgestellte qualitative Interviewstudie knüpft an jene Diskrepanz an. Mit ihren Ergebnissen werden dabei Schlussfolgerungen über die Ausgestaltung des arithmetischen Anfangsunterrichts der befragten Lehrkräfte gezogen: Die Beliefs weisen dem materialgestützten Arbeiten im arithmetischen Anfangsunterricht für Kinder mit einem Förderbedarf im Bereich Lernen eine hohe Bedeutung zu. Darüber hinaus wird erkennbar, dass der emotionale Zustand der Kinder und die motivationalen Zielsetzungen der Lehrkräfte den Einsatz von Arbeitsmitteln bestimmen. Dr. Georg Pfeiffer studierte in Halle (Saale) Lehramt an Grundschulen sowie an Förderschulen. Seit 2017 ist er als wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter an der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg in der mathematikdidaktischen Ausbildung zukünftiger Grund- und Förderschullehrkräfte tätig
Benefits of Higher Cardiovascular and Motor Coordinative Fitness on Driving Behavior Are Mediated by Cognitive Functioning: A Path Analysis
No full textDriving is an important skill for older adults to maintain an independent lifestyle, and to preserve the quality of life. However, the ability to drive safely in older adults can be compromised by age-related cognitive decline. Performing an additional task during driving (e.g., adjusting the radio) increases cognitive demands and thus might additionally impair driving performance. Cognitive functioning has been shown to be positively related to physical activity/fitness such as cardiovascular and motor coordinative fitness. As such, a higher fitness level might be associated with higher cognitive resources and may therefore benefit driving performance under dual-task conditions. For the first time, the present study investigated whether this association of physical fitness and cognitive functioning causes an indirect relationship between physical fitness and dual-task driving performance through cognitive functions. Data from 120 healthy older adults (age: 69.56 ± 3.62, 53 female) were analyzed. Participants completed tests on cardiovascular fitness (cardiorespiratory capacity), motor coordinative fitness (composite score: static balance, psychomotor speed, bimanual dexterity), and cognitive functions (updating, inhibition, shifting, cognitive processing speed). Further, they performed a virtual car driving scenario where they additionally engaged in cognitively demanding tasks that were modeled after typical real-life activities during driving (typing or reasoning). Structural equation modeling (path analysis) was used to investigate whether cardiovascular and motor coordinative fitness were indirectly associated with lane keeping (i.e., variability in lateral position) and speed control (i.e., average velocity) while dual-task driving via cognitive functions. Both cardiovascular and motor coordinative fitness demonstrated the hypothesized indirect effects on dual-task driving. Motor coordinative fitness showed a significant indirect effect on lane keeping, while cardiovascular fitness demonstrated a trend-level indirect effect on speed control. Moreover, both fitness domains were positively related to different cognitive functions (processing speed and/or updating), and cognitive functions (updating or inhibition), in turn, were related to dual-task driving. These findings indicate that cognitive benefits associated with higher fitness may facilitate driving performance. Given that driving with lower cognitive capacity can result in serious consequences, this study emphasizes the importance for older adults to engage in a physically active lifestyle as it might serve as a preventive measure for driving safety
Blockade of inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors and IL-2 triggering reverses the functional hypoactivity of tumor-derived NK-cells in glioblastomas
No full textKiller cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) comprise a group of highly polymorphic inhibitory receptors which are specific for classical HLA class-I molecules. Peripheral blood and freshly prepared tumor cell suspensions (n = 60) as well as control samples (n = 32) were investigated for the distribution, phenotype, and functional relevance of CD158ab/KIR2DL1,-2/3 expressing NK-cells in glioblastoma (GBM) patients. We found that GBM were scarcely infiltrated by NK-cells that preferentially expressed CD158ab/KIR2DL1,-2/3 as inhibitory receptors, displayed reduced levels of the activating receptors CD335/NKp46, CD226/DNAM-1, CD159c/NKG2C, and showed diminished capacity to produce IFN-γ and perforin. Functional hypoactivity of GBM-derived NK-cells persisted despite IL-2 preactivation. Blockade with a specific KIR2DL-1,2/3 monoclonal antibody reversed NK-cell inhibition and significantly enhanced degranulation and IFN-γ production of IL-2 preactivated NK-cells in the presence of primary GBM cells and HLA-C expressing but not HLA class-I deficient K562 cells. Additional analysis revealed that significant amounts of IL-2 could be produced by tumor-derived CD4+ and CD8+CD45RA- memory T-cells after combined anti-CD3/anti-CD28 stimulation. Our data indicate that both blockade of inhibitory KIR and IL-2 triggering of tumor-derived NK-cells are necessary to enhance NK-cell responsiveness in GBM
