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Woyzeck
No full textDer Name "Woyzeck" wird vorrangig in Bezug auf das im 20. Jh. unter diesem Namen bekannt gewordene Dramenfragment von Georg Büchner (1813–1837) gebraucht. Im besagten Bühnenstück wird die Mordtat eines fiktiven Soldaten, dem Büchner in seinen späteren Entwürfen den Namen "Franz Woyzeck" gab, an seiner Geliebten dargestellt. Als Vorbild und Namensgeber für den literarischen Woyzeck diente der Kriminalfall des Gelegenheitsarbeiters und ehemaligen Soldaten Johann Christian Woyzeck, der 1821 in Leipzig seine Geliebte erstochen hatte und nach einer aufsehenerregenden Prozessgeschichte wegen Mordes verurteilt und 1824 öffentlich hingerichtet wurde.
Die Bezeichnung "Woyzeck" wird somit für mindestens vier verschiedene Gegenstände gebraucht: (1) in Bezug auf die Person Johann Christian Woyzeck, (2) für den historischen Kriminalfall, die Causa Woyzeck, (3) für die dramatische Adaption Büchners bzw. für die verschiedenen Editionen seiner Dramenfragmente, die seit 1920 unter diesem Titel publiziert wurden, sowie (4) für die literarische bzw. dramatische Figur Franz Woyzeck in diesem Bühnenstück.The name "Woyzeck" is mainly used to refer to the drama fragment by Georg Büchner (1813–1837), which became known under this title in the 20th century. The drama, which Büchner could not finish before his early death, shows a fictitious soldier's murder of his lover. The criminal case of casual worker and former soldier Johann Christian Woyzeck, who had stabbed his lover in Leipzig in 1821 and was executed in 1824 after a sensational trial, served as model and namesake. The term "Woyzeck" can therefore be used for at least four different matters: (1) in reference to the person Johann Christian Woyzeck, (2) for the historical crime case, the causa Woyzeck, (3) for Büchner’s drama, or rather the different editions of his drama fragments, which have been published under this title since 1920, as well as (4) for the literary or dramatical character Franz Woyzeck in this drama
Zugänge zu Mündlichkeit im Kontext DaF
No full textZiel des vorliegenden Sammelbands, der aus der Germanistischen Institutspartnerschaft zwischen der Universität Münster und der Xi'an International Studies University hervorgeht, ist es, Forschungsbeiträge wie auch Praxisberichte zusammenzutragen, die sich einer grundlegenden Reflexion der Rolle von Mündlichkeit als Gegenstand, Methode und Lernziel für den Kontext DaF widmen, und dabei Perspektiven aus der Linguistik, Literatur- und Sprechwissenschaft zusammenführen. Die Beiträge befassen sich mit grammatischen Besonderheiten und musterhaften Verfestigungen in mündlichen Interaktionen, den Herausforderungen des transkriptionsbasierten Lehrens und Lernens, der fremdsprachendidaktischen Nutzbarmachung von Praktiken der Mündlichkeit in messengerbasierten Interaktionen und dialogischen Methoden des Text-Sprechens sowie sprechwissenschaftlichen Zugängen zur Rederhetorik und zur Phonetik- wie Prosodievermittlung.This collection of essays is the result of an academic partnership between the University of Münster and the Xi'an International Studies University in German Studies. It aims at bringing together research and practice reports that reflect on the role of oral proficiency as a subject, method and learning goal in the context of German as a foreign language, thus combining perspectives from linguistics, literature and speech studies. The contributions deal with grammatical peculiarities and patterns in oral interactions, the challenges of transcription-based teaching and learning, oral practices in messenger-based interactions and dialogical methods of text-speaking, as well as linguistic approaches to rhetoric, phonetics, and prosody
Relevance of Abnormal KCNN1 Expression and Osmotic Hypersensitivity in Ewing Sarcoma
No full textEwing sarcoma (EwS) is a rare and highly malignant bone tumor occurring mainly in childhood and adolescence. Physiologically, the bone is a central hub for Ca2+ homeostasis, which is severely disturbed by osteolytic processes in EwS. Therefore, we aimed to investigate how ion transport proteins involved in Ca2+ homeostasis affect EwS pathophysiology. We characterized the expression of 22 candidate genes of Ca2+-permeable or Ca2+-regulated ion channels in three EwS cell lines and found the Ca2+-activated K+ channel KCa2.1 (KCNN1) to be exceptionally highly expressed. We revealed that 'KCNN1' expression is directly regulated by the disease-driving oncoprotein EWSR1-FL1. Due to its consistent overexpression in EwS, 'KCNN1' mRNA could be a prognostic marker in EwS. In a large cohort of EwS patients, however, 'KCNN1' mRNA quantity does not correlate with clinical parameters. Several functional studies including patch clamp electrophysiology revealed no evidence for KCa2.1 function in EwS cells. Thus, elevated KCNN1 expression is not translated to KCa2.1 channel activity in EwS cells. However, we found that the low K+ conductance of EwS cells renders them susceptible to hypoosmotic solutions. The absence of a relevant K+ conductance in EwS thereby provides an opportunity for hypoosmotic therapy that can be exploited during tumor surgery
Role of imidazolium cations on the interfacial structure of room-temperature ionic liquids in contact with Pt(111) electrodes
No full textRoom-temperature ionic liquids (ILs) have gained considerable attention as an important addition to conventional electrolytes because they exhibit large electrochemical windows and can reduce existing overpotentials in electrocatalysis. For the interfacial electrochemistry of ILs, a comprehensive understanding of molecular ions and the resulting electric double-layer structures as a function of electrode potential is mandatory, but the structures are largely different from conventional electrolytes. For that reason, we have studied the interfaces of Pt(111) in contact with ILs using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium [BMIM] and 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium [BMMIM] cations as well as bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [NTf2] anions. We applied vibrational sum-frequency generation (SFG), where we interrogate vibrational bands from interfacial cations, anions, as well as interfacial water in situ and under potential control. Structuring of [NTf2] anions and H2O with electrode potential show hysteresis while a strong Stark tuning was absent. This indicates that the IL ions are oriented in the vicinity of the interface, without being directly adsorbed to the Pt(111) surface. Using the C-H stretching band from CH groups at the imidazolium ring, the ring reorientation with electrode potential was qualitatively determined. The imidazolium ring reorients as a function of potential from a more parallel orientation to an upright orientation with respect to the interfacial plane. This leads to the formation of voids in the layered structure of ions at the interface, which can be then filled with H2O as evidenced by an increased SFG intensity from O-H stretching modes that are attributable to hydrogen-bonded interfacial water. Comparing the responses of the ILs, particularly of [BMMIM][NTf2], shows a compact structure and a significantly pronounced rearrangement of the imidazolium ring that can also facilitates better incorporation of H2O and significantly affects the reorientation of [NTf2] anions and, thus, causes a pronounced hysteresis with electrode potential
Secondary Prevention in Lower Extremity Artery Disease Patients: Lipid-Lowering Therapy and Long-Term Guideline Adherence
No full textLower extremity artery disease (LEAD) affects millions of elderly patients and is associated with elevated cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Risk factor modification, including the therapy of dyslipidaemia, is mandatory to reduce cardiovascular event rates and to improve survival rates. However, only a minority achieve the recommended low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) target level 100 mg/dL and their adherence to treatment adjustment during follow-up. Despite a sustained statin prescription in 93% of the patients, including 77% with high-intensity statins at follow-up, only 18% achieved the target level. Ezetimibe appeared in 21% and LDL-C goals were reached significantly more often with combination therapy. Recurrent revascularization appeared more often (28%) than coronary artery or cerebrovascular disease progression (14%) and 7% died. Despite the frequent use of high-intensity statins and expandable rates of ezetimibe, the progression of cardiovascular events remained inevitable. Only 18% of the patients had received recommendations on lifestyle modification, including dietary adaptations, which is key for a holistic approach to risk factor control. Thus, efforts for both pharmacological and behavioral strategies are needed to improve clinical outcomes and survival rates
Sex differences in the consumption of over-the-counter analgesics among amateur volleyball players
No full textBackground: Compared with the normal adult population, athletes of several sport disciplines, such as endurance sports, ball sports, cycling and swimming, have higher use of over-the-counter analgesics (OTC analgesics). The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of OTC analgesic use in volleyball players as a typical competitive sport discipline. One particular focus was placed on the analysis whether the athletes’ use of OTC analgesics was influenced by their performance motivation. Methods: A cross-sectional survey among amateur volleyball players was carried out using a web-based sports questionnaire. The study included athletes of both sexes, 18 years and older, currently playing in a German volleyball league. The athletes’ sport-related complaints were evaluated regarding the use of OTC analgesics. The use of OTC analgesics by athletes was compared with their performance motivation, based on the „Achievement Motives Scale - Sport” (AMS-Sport) questionnaire. Results: The analysis of 114 completed questionnaires of amateur athletes revealed that the use of OTC analgesics was sex dependent, with a higher prevalence of use in female players (60%) versus male players (38%). The main reasons for consumption of OTC analgesics were pain in the head, knee and shoulder. The most frequently taken drug was ibuprofen, most often taken at competitions and over a period of 4 years (median). The analysis of the AMS-Sport questionnaire revealed that a logistic regression model for estimating the probability of drug use can be explained by the factors hope of success and years of playing practise in female players but not male players. In females, an increase in the factor hope of success resulted in a lower probability of OTC analgesic use, while an increase in years of playing practise resulted in a higher probability of use. Conclusion: The average duration that volleyball players in this study took OTC analgesics was higher than that of the German population, and OTC analgesic use was more prevalent in female than male volleyball players. Thus, to reduce the prevalence of OTC analgesic use, educational programs should be implemented in sports teams; and, to reduce direct and indirect social pressure, sports teams should also receive sex-specific psychological support
Die (computationelle?) Operationalisierung unzuverlässigen Erzählens:Ein Beitrag zur Theorie und Methodik literaturwissenschaftlichen Interpretierens
No full textIn diesem Beitrag wird das Projekt CAUTION vorgestellt, das sich dem narrativen Phänomen des unzuverlässigen Erzählens mithilfe verschiedener computergestützter Methoden (automatische und manuelle Annotation, Argumentvisualisierung und Deep Learning) nähert. In diesem Rahmen wird zur Beantwortung theoretisch-methodologisch relevanter Fragen zu unzuverlässigem Erzählen, aber auch zu literaturwissenschaftlicher Interpretation im Allgemeinen sowie zum Potenzial computergestützter Zugänge in diesem Zusammenhang beigetragen
DNA methylation profiling of central nervous system hemangioblastomas identifies two distinct subgroups
No full textHemangioblastomas (HBs) of the central nervous system are highly vascular neoplasms that occur sporadically or as a manifestation of von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) disease. Despite their benign nature, HBs are clinically heterogeneous and can be associated with significant morbidity due to mass effects of peritumoral cysts or tumor progression. Underlying molecular factors involved in HB tumor biology remain elusive. We investigated genome-wide DNA methylation profiles and clinical and histopathological features in a series of 47 HBs from 42 patients, including 28 individuals with VHL disease. Thirty tumors occurred in the cerebellum, 8 in the brainstem and 8 HBs were of spinal location, while 1 HB was located in the cerebrum. Histologically, 12 HBs (26%) belonged to the cellular subtype and exclusively occurred in the cerebellum, whereas 35 HBs were reticular (74%). Unsupervised clustering and dimensionality reduction of DNA methylation profiles revealed two distinct subgroups. Methylation cluster 1 comprised 30 HBs of mainly cerebellar location (29/30, 97%), whereas methylation cluster 2 contained 17 HBs predominantly located in non-cerebellar compartments (16/17, 94%). The sum of chromosomal regions being affected by copy-number alterations was significantly higher in methylation cluster 1 compared to cluster 2 (mean 262 vs. 109 Mb, p = 0.001). Of note, loss of chromosome 6 occurred in 9/30 tumors (30%) of methylation cluster 1 and was not observed in cluster 2 tumors (p = 0.01). No relevant methylation differences between sporadic and VHL-related HBs or cystic and non-cystic HBs could be detected. Deconvolution of the bulk DNA methylation profiles revealed four methylation components that were associated with the two methylation clusters suggesting cluster-specific cell-type compositions. In conclusion, methylation profiling of HBs reveals 2 distinct subgroups that mainly associate with anatomical location, cytogenetic profiles and differences in cell type composition, potentially reflecting different cells of origin
Does Cement Augmentation of the Sacroiliac Screw Lead to Superior Biomechanical Results for Fixation of the Posterior Pelvic Ring? A Biomechanical Study
No full textBackground and Objectives: The stability of the pelvic ring mainly depends on the integrity of its posterior part. Percutaneous sacroiliac (SI) screws are widely implanted as standard of care treatment. The main risk factors for their fixation failure are related to vertical shear or transforaminal sacral fractures. The aim of this study was to compare the biomechanical performance of fixations using one (Group 1) or two (Group 2) standard SI screws versus one SI screw with bone cement augmentation (Group 3). Materials and Methods: Unstable fractures of the pelvic ring (AO/OTA 61-C1.3, FFP IIc) were simulated in 21 artificial pelvises by means of vertical osteotomies in the ipsilateral anterior and posterior pelvic ring. A supra-acetabular external fixator was applied to address the anterior fracture. All specimens were tested under progressively increasing cyclic loading until failure, with monitoring by means of motion tracking. Fracture site displacement and cycles to failure were evaluated. Results: Fracture displacement after 500 cycles was lowest in Group 3 (0.76 cm [0.30] (median [interquartile range, IQR])) followed by Group 1 (1.42 cm, [0.21]) and Group 2 (1.42 cm [1.66]), with significant differences between Groups 1 and 3, p = 0.04. Fracture displacement after 1000 cycles was significantly lower in Group 3 (1.15 cm [0.37]) compared to both Group 1 (2.19 cm [2.39]) and Group 2 (2.23 cm [3.65]), p ≤ 0.04. Cycles to failure (Group 1: 3930 ± 890 (mean ± standard deviation), Group 2: 3676 ± 348, Group 3: 3764 ± 645) did not differ significantly between the groups, p = 0.79. Conclusions: In our biomechanical setup cement augmentation of one SI screw resulted in significantly less displacement compared to the use of one or two SI screws. However, the number of cycles to failure was not significantly different between the groups. Cement augmentation of one SI screw seems to be a useful treatment option for posterior pelvic ring fixation, especially in osteoporotic bone
Effects of different social experiences on emotional state in mice
No full textA comprehensive understanding of animals' emotions can be achieved by combining cognitive, behavioural, and physiological measures. Applying such a multi-method approach, we here examined the emotional state of mice after they had made one of three different social experiences: either a mildly "adverse", a "beneficial", or a "neutral" experience. Using a recently established touchscreen paradigm, cognitive judgement bias was assessed twice, once before and once after the respective experience. Anxiety-like behaviour was examined using a standardised battery of behavioural tests and faecal corticosterone metabolite concentrations were measured. Surprisingly, only minor effects of the social experiences on the animals' cognitive judgement bias and no effects on anxiety-like behaviour and corticosterone metabolite levels were found. It might be speculated that the experiences provided were not strong enough to exert the expected impact on the animals' emotional state. Alternatively, the intensive training procedure necessary for cognitive judgement bias testing might have had a cognitive enrichment effect, potentially countering external influences. While further investigations are required to ascertain the specific causes underlying our findings, the present study adds essential empirical data to the so far scarce amount of studies combining cognitive, behavioural, and physiological measures of emotional state in mice