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Gestaltung, Funktion und Bedeutung antiker Treppenanlagen:Multiperspektivische Analyse einer transkulturellen Konstante
No full textDie vorliegende Publikation dokumentiert die Ergebnisse des Symposiums "Gestaltung, Funktion und Bedeutung antiker Treppenanlagen. Multiperspektivische Analyse einer transkulturellen Konstante", welches erstmals die Treppe und die Anfänge ihrer Reflexion in das Zentrum einer internationalen Fachtagung stellte. Diese fand im Rahmen der Symposienwochen der VolkswagenStiftung vom 20.–22. Oktober 2021 in Schloss Herrenhausen (Hannover) sowie im virtuellen Raum statt. Der Sammelband nähert sich einer kulturimmanenten wie transkulturellen Perspektive auf die Treppe an, indem Quellen unterschiedlicher Art und aus mehreren antiken Kulturräumen (Alter Orient, Ägypten, griechische Welt, Römisches Reich und Spätantike) untersucht werden. Das Studium des bauhistorischen Befundes wird so mit der Analyse von relevantem Bild- und Textmaterial kombiniert. Die jeweiligen Quellen zur Gestaltung, Funktion und Bedeutung der Treppenanlagen geben durch diese erweiterte Betrachtung Aufschluss darüber, welche Rolle jene für die Menschen in der Antike spielten.This publication documents the results of the symposium "Design, Function and Meaning of Ancient Staircases. Multi-perspective Analysis of a Transcultural Constant," which placed the staircase and the beginnings of its perception for the first time at the centre of an international conference. It took place as part of the Volkswagen Foundation's symposium weeks from October 20-22, 2021, at Herrenhausen Palace (Hanover), as well as in virtual space. The volume approaches a cultural-immanent as well as transcultural perspective on the staircase by examining sources of different kinds and from several cultural areas (Ancient Near East, Egypt, the Greek world, the Roman Empire, and Late Antiquity). The study of the architectural evidence is thus combined with the analysis of relevant pictorial and textual material. The respective sources on the design, function and meaning of ancient staircases provide information on their role for the people in antiquity
In Vitro Metabolism of Phenylspirodrimanes Derived from the Indoor Fungus Stachybotrys
No full textFungi belonging to the genus 'Stachybotrys' are frequently detected in water-damaged indoor environments, and a potential correlation between emerging health problems of inhabitants of affected housing and the fungi is controversially discussed. Secondary metabolites (i.e., mycotoxins) produced by 'Stachybotrys', such as the highly toxic macrocyclic trichothecenes (MCTs), are of potential concern to human health. The present study, however, focused on the potential effects of the more broadly and abundantly formed group of phenylspirodrimanes (PSDs). The phase I and II metabolism of four structurally different PSDs were investigated in vitro using hepatic models in combination with high-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRMS) analysis. In addition to metabolite detection by HRMS, isolation and structure elucidation by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) was part of the conducted study as well
Is Anterior Plating Superior to the Bilateral Use of Retrograde Transpubic Screws for Treatment of Straddle Pelvic Ring Fractures? A Biomechanical Investigation
No full textBackground: Fractures of the four anterior pubic rami are described as “straddle fractures”. The aim of this study was to compare biomechanical anterior plating (group 1) versus the bilateral use of retrograde transpubic screws (group 2). Methods: A straddle fracture was simulated in 16 artificial pelvises. All specimens were tested under progressively increasing cyclic loading, with monitoring by means of motion tracking. Results: Axial stiffness did not differ significantly between the groups, p = 0.88. Fracture displacement after 1000–4000 cycles was not significantly different between the groups, p ≥ 0.38; however, after 5000 cycles it was significantly less in the retrograde transpubic screw group compared to the anterior plating group, p = 0.04. No significantly different flexural rotations were detected between the groups, p ≥ 0.32. Moreover, no significant differences were detected between the groups with respect to their cycles to failure and failure loads, p = 0.14. Conclusion: The results of this biomechanical study reveal less fracture displacement in the retrograde transpubic screw group after long-term testing with no further significant difference between anterior plating and bilateral use of retrograde transpubic screws. While the open approach using anterior plating allows for better visualization of the fracture site and open reduction, the use of bilateral retrograde transpubic screws, splinting the fracture, presents a minimally invasive and biomechanically stable technique
Twelfth Annual Report of the Institute for Organisational Economics
No full textDas Institut für Organisationsökonomik (IO) an der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster wurde am 1. Oktober 2022 zwölf Jahre alt. Dieser 12. Jahresbericht informiert über das zwölfte Jahr, d. h. über das Wintersemester 2021/22 und das Sommersemester 2022. Wie in den Vorjahren werden das Institut und seine Angehörigen vorgestellt. Danach wird über die Forschung und Lehre sowie weitere Aktivitäten des Instituts berichtet.The Institute for Organisational Economics at the University of Münster became twelve years old on October 1st, 2022. This twelfth annual report informs about the twelfth year, the winter semester 2021/22 and the summer semester 2022. As in the previous years, the institute and its members are presented, followed by reports on research, teaching and further activities of the institute
Immersives Training der klinischen Entscheidungsfindung mit KI-gesteuerten virtuellen Patienten – eine neue VR-Plattform namens medical tr.AI.ning
No full textBackground: Medical students need to be prepared for various situations in clinical decision-making that cannot be systematically trained with real patients without risking their health or integrity. To target system-related limitations of actor-based training, digital learning methods are increasingly used in medical education, with virtual reality (VR)- training seeming to have high potential. Virtually generated training scenarios allow repetitive training of highly relevant clinical skills within a protected, realistic learning environment. Thanks to Artificial Intelligence (AI), face-to-face interaction with virtual agents is feasible. Combining this technology with VR-simulations offers a new way of situated context-based, first-person training for medical students. Project goal and method: The authors’ aim is to develop a modular digital training platform for medical education with virtual, interactable agents and to integrate this platform into the medical curriculum. The medical tr.AI.ning platform will provide veridical simulation of clinical scenarios with virtual patients, augmented with highly realistic medical pathologies within a customizable, realistic situational context. Medical tr.AI.ning is scaled to four complementary developmental steps with different scenarios that can be used separately and so each outcome can successively be integrated early within the project. Every step has its own focus (visual, movement, communication, combination) and extends an author toolbox through its modularity. The modules of each step will be specified and designed together with medical didactics experts. Perspective: To ensure constant improvement of user experience, realism, and medical validity, the authors will perform regular iterative evaluation rounds. Furthermore, integration of medical tr.AI.ning into the medical curriculum will enable long-term and large-scale detection of benefits and limitations of this approach, providing enhanced alternative teaching paradigms for VR technology.Hintergrund: Medizinstudierende müssen auf verschiedene Situationen in klinischer Entscheidungsfindung vorbereitet werden, die nicht systematisch mit echten Patienten geübt werden können, ohne ihre Gesundheit oder Integrität zu gefährden. Um die systembedingten Einschränkungen des schauspielbasierten Trainings auszugleichen, werden in der medizinischen Ausbildung zunehmend digitale Lernmethoden eingesetzt, wobei Training in Virtueller Realität (VR) ein hohes Potenzial zu haben scheint. Virtuell generierte Trainingsszenarien ermöglichen das wiederholte Training hochrelevanter klinischer Fertigkeiten in einer geschützten, realistischen Lernumgebung. Dank Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) ist eine direkte Interaktion mit virtuellen Agenten möglich. Die Kombination dieser Technologie mit VR-Simulationen bietet eine neue Möglichkeit für ein kontextbezogenes, persönliches Training für Medizinstudierende. Projektziel und Methode: Das Ziel der Autoren ist es, eine modulare digitale Trainingsplattform für die medizinische Ausbildung mit virtuellen, interaktiven Agenten zu entwickeln und diese Plattform in das medizinische Curriculum zu integrieren. Die medical tr.AI.ning - Plattform wird eine realitätsnahe Simulation von klinischen Szenarien mit virtuellen Patienten ermöglichen, ergänzt durch hochrealistische medizinische Pathologien innerhalb eines anpassbaren, realistischen situativen Kontextes. Medical tr.AI.ning ist auf vier komplementäre Entwicklungsschritte mit unterschiedlichen Szenarien skaliert, die separat genutzt werden können, so dass jedes Ergebnis sukzessive früh in das Projekt integriert werden kann. Jeder Schritt hat seinen eigenen Schwerpunkt (Visuelles, Bewegung, Kommunikation, Kombination) und erweitert durch seine Modularität ein Autorentool. Die Module der einzelnen Schritte werden gemeinsam mit Medizindidaktik-Experten spezifiziert und gestaltet. Ausblick: Um eine ständige Verbesserung der Benutzererfahrung, des Realismus und der medizinischen Validität zu gewährleisten, werden die Autoren regelmäßige iterative Evaluierungsrunden durchführen. Darüber hinaus wird die Integration von medical tr.AI.ning in das medizinische Curriculum eine langfristige und groß angelegte Ermittlung der Vorteile und Grenzen dieses Ansatzes ermöglichen und verbesserte alternative Lehrparadigmen für die VR-Technologie bieten
Remineralization and protection from demineralization: effects of a hydroxyapatite-containing, a fluoride-containing and a fluoride- and hydroxyapatite-free toothpaste on human enamel in vitro
No full textBackground: The aim was to evaluate the remineralization potential as well as the extent of protection against renewed demineralization of enamel by hydroxyapatite-containing toothpaste (Karex) in comparison to fluoride-containing (Elmex) and fluoride- and hydroxyapatite-free toothpaste (Ajona) as control. Methods: Fifty-seven enamel samples were obtained from 19 human teeth. Five demarcated surfaces were created on each tooth (S0—S4). Four of the surfaces (S1—S4) were exposed to lactic acid (pH 3) for 8 h (demineralization). S0 was left untreated as control. S1 was solely treated with acid. After demineralization, S2 was exposed to Karex for 2 min, of which 15 s were brushing. S3 was treated with Elmex and S4 with Ajona, accordingly. Then, the samples were evaluated using a scanning electron microscope and ImageJ image analysis software to determine the percentage of demineralization. Afterwards, S2-S4 were again exposed to lactic acid for 2 h, and subjected to pixel analysis another time. Data were statistically analysed using ANOVA with post-hoc Scheffé test and the Kurskal-Wallis test. Results: The surfaces treated with Elmex showed the lowest percentage of demineralization (mean 5.01 ± 0.98%) (p < 0.01). Thus, Elmex remineralized more effectively compared to Ajona (8.89 ± 1.41%) and Karex (9.85 ± 1.63%) (p < 0.01). Furthermore, Elmex showed the lowest percentage of demineralized enamel after new demineralization (median 6.29%), followed by Ajona (11.92%) and Karex (13.46%) (p < 0.001). Conclusion: In terms of remineralization and protection against renewed demineralization, a hydroxyapatite-containing toothpaste (Karex) appears to be inferior to a fluoride-containing toothpaste (Elmex) and a fluoride- and hydroxyapatite-free toothpaste (Ajona). Hence, the recommendation to use Karex to protect against demineralization should be critically questioned
Restorative treatment in a case of amelogenesis imperfecta and 9-year follow-up: a case report
No full textBackground:Amelogenesis imperfecta is a hereditary malformation showing various manifestations regarding enamel dysplasia. This case report shows a 9-year follow-up after restorative treatment of a 16-year old female patient affected by a hypoplastic type of amelogenesis imperfecta. The caries-free, hypersensitive teeth of the patient were restored by direct dentin adhesive composite restorations performed in total etch technique.
Case presentation:After rehabilitation the patient reported a marked improvement of the mastication ability and quality of life especially during food intake. Accumulation of plaque was reduced and the ability to perform adequate oral hygiene was improved. During follow-up of 9 years recurring secondary caries and debonding of fillings were recognized and retreated.
Conclusions:The retrospective assessment exhibits that the performed restorative treatment prolonged the time until further treatment has to be considered, such as prosthetic treatment
S100A8/S100A9 Integrates F-Actin and Microtubule Dynamics to Prevent Uncontrolled Extravasation of Leukocytes
No full textImmune reactions are characterized by the rapid immigration of phagocytes into sites of inflammation. Meticulous regulation of these migratory processes is crucial for preventing uncontrolled and harmful phagocyte extravasation. S100A8/S100A9 is the major calcium-binding protein complex expressed in phagocytes. After release, this complex acts as a proinflammatory alarmin in the extracellular space, but the intracellular functions of these highly abundant proteins are less clear. Results of this study reveal an important role of S100A8/S100A9 in coordinated cytoskeleton rearrangement during migration. We found that S100A8/S100A9 was able to cross-link F-actin and microtubules in a calcium- and phosphorylation-dependent manner. Cells deficient in S100A8/S100A9 showed abnormalities in cell adhesion and motility. Missing cytoskeletal interactions of S100A8/S100A9 caused differences in the surface expression and activation of β1-integrins as well as in the regulation of Src/Syk kinase family members. Loss of S100A8/S100A9 led to dysregulated integrin-mediated adhesion and migration, resulting in an overall higher dynamic activity of non-activated S100A8/S100A9-deficient phagocytes. Our data suggest that intracellular S100A8/S100A9 is part of a novel regulatory mechanism that ensures the precise control necessary to facilitate the change between the quiescent and activated state of phagocytes
Schule im Spiegel der Malerei:eine Studie zur Ikonografie, Intention und künstlerischen Inszenierung von Schulmotiven in der Genremalerei des 19. Jahrhunderts
No full textDie Schulzeit ist eine prägende Phase im Leben eines Menschen. Wie haben sich Künstler*innen dieser wichtigen Zeit des Heranwachsens gewidmet? Für das 19. Jahrhundert lässt sich europaweit eine verstärkte künstlerische Auseinandersetzung mit dem Themenkomplex Schule feststellen. Die 170 zusammengetragenen Schulmotive zeigen ein vielfältiges Bild der Schulwelt. Sie bilden die Grundlage für Untersuchungen zu einer länderübergreifenden Schulikonografie, zu Künstlerkontakten sowie Lehrer-Schüler-Beziehungen und zu einer gemeinsamen Orientierung an den niederländischen Schulmotiven des 17. Jahrhunderts. Im Vordergrund der inhaltlichen Deutung der Schulmotive stehen einerseits Fragen zur Verbildlichung von Verhaltensnormen in den Bestrafungs- und Disziplinierungsmotiven. Andererseits spiegeln die humoristisch-beschaulichen Dorfschulszenerien bürgerliche Wunschvorstellungen von einer heilen Welt wider. Im Zuge der Bildanalyse werden außerdem genderspezifische Rollenbilder, schul- und gesellschaftskritische Aussageabsichten und die Darstellung von Emotionalität untersucht. Besonders hinsichtlich der Funktion und Nutzung der Schulmotive wird der bürgerliche Rezipientenkreis der Schulmotive in den Blick genommen