30921 research outputs found
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Characterization of water states in canola seeds with varying moisture contents using differential scanning calorimetry
No full textCharacterization of the water status in grains is essential for selecting suitable drying conditions
and managing bulk storage and handling practices. A state diagram of canola seeds was
developed incorporating the freezing curve, glass transition, and critical moisture content (MC)
line at which freezable water first appears using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Canola,
conditioned to 3.4 to 35.8 % moisture contents (MCs), was cooled from 20 or 40°C to -90 or
0°C, isothermally held for 5 min, and heated to 20 or 120°C. Cooling and heating rates of 1, 2, 5,
10, and 20°C/min were tested and 1°C/min was used to determine the freezing and melting
parameters such as peak temperature, onset temperature, and enthalpy. The critical MC was
determined from the melting enthalpy at different MCs. Below 17.8 % MCs, the freezing point
varied and the minimum was about -26°C whereas, beyond 17.8 % MC, the freezing point
dramatically increased to -6.72 ± 0.18°C at 35.8 % MC. The critical MC was about 16 %. Below
this threshold, all remaining water exists as unfreezable water. The freezing point of the oil in the
seed was approximately -25°C, and this oil significantly affected the freezing and melting
parameters of the canola seed. Therefore, the canola seed will freeze when cooled below -25°C
due to oil freezing, irrespective of moisture content. Three glass transitions were observed,
however the first glass transition was not detectable above 6.2 % MCs. As MC increased, the
temperatures of the second and third glass transitions decreased, reaching 63.46 ± 0.39°C and
73.38 ± 0.98°C, respectively, at 35.8 % MC. The developed state diagram will be useful for
understanding the effects of MC and temperature on the water state, and it will offer guidance for
drying, handling, and storage strategies for canola seeds.Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI, Project number 41866)
Research Manitoba Innovation Proof-Of-Concept GrantOctober 202
Beyond the venture: investigating neurodiverse entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial practice as a form of healing
No full textChapter 1: This research explores how neurodevelopmental conditions, particularly ADHD, autism, and dyslexia, influence entrepreneurial outcomes and creativity. We perform a comprehensive systematic review at the intersection of neurodiversity and entrepreneurship that includes 105 empirical studies from 2014-2024. Our analysis from the review supports a dueling model of both challenges and benefits of neurodiversity’s relationship to entrepreneurship. We further extend this finding to propose a more complete model to this relationship that includes coping and comorbidity to capture the relationship between neural diversity and entrepreneurship. Future research and remaining gaps in the literature are also discussed.
Chapter 2: In this chapter, I have drawn from conservation of resources theory literature and entrepreneurial emancipation and bricolage to frame and develop the research question: How does entrepreneuring serve as a therapeutic mechanism for trauma survivors by facilitating identity reconstruction, psychological healing, and post-traumatic growth? This question is further explored through three sub-questions in the process of analyzing Reddit posts and cases:
(1) How do trauma survivors on grassroots platforms like Reddit articulate their motivations for entering entrepreneurship, and what psychological needs do these narratives reflect? (2) What recurring themes and coping mechanisms emerge across the process of entrepreneurship as a pathway for healing? Moreover, (3) how are these mechanisms further elaborated, deepened, or reframed in curated case studies of trauma-experienced / mental problems-experienced) entrepreneurs? To bridge this gap and build a more grounded understanding, this study adopts a two-stage qualitative design. The first stage explores publicly shared experiences on Reddit, where trauma survivors candidly discuss their entrepreneurial journeys. In the second stage, I analyzed four cases to further complete the codebook and form the “entrepreneuring as therapy” model to understand the mechanism.October 202
FTIR studies of polylactic acid (PLA) biodegradation method
No full textPetroleum-based plastics have become essential in many aspects of modern life; however, their long-term accumulation in the environment has emerged as a major concern in recent decades. Biodegradable plastics are considered a promising alternative, as they can degrade into smaller fragments under environmental conditions. Only a limited number of biodegradable polymers possess the mechanical and physical properties required to effectively replace conventional plastics. Polylactic acid (PLA) is a bio-based polymer that, due to its unique characteristics, has the potential to serve as a sustainable alternative to non-degradable plastics. The label "biodegradable" alone does not guarantee effective degradation. If environmental conditions are not suitable, degradation may be significantly delayed. PLA degradation typically occurs in two stages: an initial phase of hydrolytic degradation followed by microbial activity. The crystallinity of PLA plays a crucial role in its biodegradation behavior. Crystalline regions hinder water penetration into the polymer matrix, while amorphous regions provide pathways for water to enter, initiating structural breakdown through hydrolysis. This research aimed to examine the structural characteristics of PLA and investigate factors that influence its biodegradation rate. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was employed to analyze the crystalline structure of PLA. FTIR band assignments enabled the identification of specific vibrational modes associated with the amorphous and crystalline phases, as well as key spectral changes occurring as the material was annealed at temperatures above the glass transition temperature (Tg ≈ 68°C). Two-Dimensional Correlation Spectroscopy (2D-COS) FTIR was utilized to resolve complex spectra with overlapping peaks, detect subtle spectral variations, and gain detailed information about molecular interactions. The sequential order of spectral changes enables a deeper understanding of the structural transformations that PLA undergoes under various treatment conditions. The 2DCOS method can be used to monitor chemical and structural changes induced by pre- and post-treatments aimed at improving biodegradability.
treatments aimed at improving biodegradability.October 202
Performance of GFRP headed-end bars as interface shear friction reinforcement
No full textMany reinforced concrete (RC) structures rely on the transfer of shear forces across concrete interfaces, particularly in composite systems. A prime example is in bridge construction, where shear transfer between prestressed precast girder and cast-in-place slab is vital for composite action. While the interface shear transfer mechanism (IST) of steel-RC joints has been well-established and forms the basis of current design standards, limited research has explored the use of Glass Fibre-Reinforced Polymer (GFRP). As a corrosion-resistant, lightweight, and strong alternative in IST systems, GFRP offers promising potential for improving durability in harsh environments, enhancing shear transfer, and reducing maintenance costs.
This study explores the shear friction behaviour of composite RC elements using GFRP headed-end bars across various interface conditions, including cold joints (as-cast and roughened) and monolithic interfaces. A total of 28 large-scale push-off specimens were tested under monotonic axial loading to evaluate the influence of concrete strength (35 MPa and 55 MPa), reinforcement type (steel and GFRP), and reinforcement ratio (0.33, 0.43, 0.47, 0.66, and 1.00%) on IST performance. The GFRP shear connectors provided effective contribution to the shear transfer mechanism when adequate reinforcement ratios were provided in the cold joint condition, highlighting the importance of meeting the minimum reinforcement ratio required in current design provisions. When a reinforcement ratio of 0.33 % was employed, the peak load increased by a margin of 2-4% compared to the specimens without connectors. These increases were more pronounced when higher reinforcement ratios were utilized. GFRP-RC specimens exhibited post-cracking load recovery and higher residual capacities compared to steel-RC counterparts due to the linear-elastic behaviour, however, they displayed more brittle failure.
The test results showed that interface condition significantly influenced pre-cracking and post-cracking behaviour. As expected, monolithic specimens outperformed cold-joint ones, with up to 118% higher peak loads due to enhanced aggregate interlock., Surface roughening increased the capacity of GFRP-RC cold joint specimens by 2–23%, similar to those without shear connectors. Design model comparisons revealed that existing models in design provisions either significantly underestimate or overestimate the capacities of the tested specimens.University of Manitoba Graduate Fellowship (UMGF)
Antenbring Graduate Scholarship in Engineering – University of ManitobaOctober 202
Indigenous Voices on self-determination, FPIC, and Canada’s evolving duty to consult and accommodate framework: an empirical study
No full textInspired by decolonial and Indigenous researchers, this study problematizes extant research on engagement practices between resource development project proponents and the Indigenous peoples affected by such projects, by interrogating the underlying assumptions of prior studies. Within the context of Canada, the Duty to Consult and Accommodate (DTCA) framework is currently applied to engagement practices rather than Article 32 of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP). However, shortly after the passage of the UNDRIP Act of 2021, the federal government commenced a three-year consultation project with Indigenous nations on how to ensure that a revised DTCA framework is more consistent with the rights affirmed by the UNDRIP.
This qualitative study, based on interviews with Indigenous lawyers who have negotiated on behalf of Indigenous communities with resource development proponents, explores how current practices may be improved to better align with the UNDRIP and honour the rights of Indigenous peoples to meaningfully participate in projects that align with their development priorities. Findings point to the importance of respecting the rights of Indigenous peoples; allowing time, space, and capacity for Indigenous decision-making institutions to flourish; and to rebuild relationships based on early engagement, partnership, and respect for Indigenous peoples as rightsholders rather than stakeholders with an aim toward substantive outcomes instead of procedural box-checking.I.H. Asper School of Business Doctoral FellowshipOctober 202
Exploring the relationship between identity, mental health, and community involvement among Canadian adults 55+
No full textMental health and social connection are closely intertwined and contribute to resilient aging in later life. While socio-demographic and ability factors have been associated with mental health, social participation, and access to mental health services, a notable gap in this research is the use of an intersectional lens. As such, intersectionality was important to consider in the study team’s implementation of the CONNECT Program, a community-based group therapy intervention for adults 55+ targeting mental health and social connection. Our team has partnered with three Canadian community organizations to facilitate its’ implementation, which necessitated additional research to understand the mental health support needs of older adults at each community organization. The goal of this study was to employ a mixed method, intersectional approach to characterize the perspectives of adults 55+ on: (1) their experiences with mental health challenges and accessing supports, and (2) their opinions on the acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of the CONNECT Program. Thirteen women aged 62-90 participated in a semi-structured focus group or individual interview. Transcripts were analyzed using Interpretive Description, creating a narrative that explores patterns and variations among participants’ experiences. Supplemental questionnaires were descriptively summarized and integrated into qualitative findings using a narrative weaving approach to deepen analysis. The overarching theme was participants’ evolving identity in response to loss, life transitions and aging, which impacted their mental health. Holding intersecting identities (e.g., older woman with low income) influenced their connection with community and use of mental health services. In relation to identity, two themes emerged: mental health as a journey, and building resiliency through community. Qualitative results converged with quantitative data to demonstrate that participants were at different stages in their mental health journeys. Participants viewed the CONNECT Program positively and shared recommendations regarding facilitation and mode of delivery, and qualitative and quantitative data converged to support that the majority of participants viewed the CONNECT Program as acceptable, feasible, and appropriate. Findings highlight the importance of identity-focused and person-centered care for adults 55+, which has implications for future research, clinical care and policy. In addition, findings provide timely guidance for the implementation of the CONNECT Program.This project was funded by the Canadian Psychological Association Clinical Section Student Research Grant. I would like to acknowledge funding from the University of Manitoba Faculty of Arts, the University of Manitoba Center on Aging, the University of Manitoba Retirees Association. I would also like to acknowledge that the overarching project on the implementation of the CONNECT Program is funded by the CIHR.October 202
Mandat et politique du dépôt numérique MSpace
No full textLe but de cette politique interne des bibliothèques est de définir les limites concernant l’acquisition, la soumission, l’accès public et la préservation des documents conservés dans MSpace.
Cette politique est soumise aux documents directeurs, politiques et procédures de l’Université du Manitoba. L’administration de cette politique sera guidée par d’autres politiques et procédures de l’Université, en particulier celles ayant un lien avec le dépôt numérique MSpace, telles que celles relatives à la recherche, à la culture et aux savoirs autochtones, ainsi qu’à la rapatriation et à la rematriation
Morbidity and health seeking behavior among children and adolescents (0–19 years): a household survey assessment in Northwestern Tanzania
No full textAbstract Background Information on morbidity and health-seeking behavior beyond early childhood is crucial for planning evidence-based interventions. Currently, data is limited to children under five. This study introduces a method for estimating morbidity and health-seeking behavior in older children and adolescents (5–19 years) using women’s birth histories from a household survey in northwestern Tanzania, comparing it with data on children under five. Methods We conducted a household survey among women 15–49 years as part of the Magu Health and Demographic Surveillance from October 2020 to November 2021, including 16,896 children aged 0–19 living with their mothers. The study outcomes were the prevalence of reported illness in the last four weeks and health-seeking behavior, defined as visiting a health facility for recent illness. Modified Poisson regression analysis was performed, accounting for mothers as clusters and adjusting for child and mother characteristics. We compared the prevalence of recent illness and health-seeking behavior among older children and adolescents (5–19 years) with children under five within the same population. Results Morbidity presented as the prevalence of any illness decreased with age, from 26.1% in children under-five to 10.4% among adolescents aged 15–19. Health seeking behavior also decreased with age, from 48.2% in children under-five to nearly 30% among adolescents aged 15–19. Types of illnesses reported were similar across age groups, with Fever/Malaria accounting more than two-thirds, followed by respiratory tract illnesses. Higher illness prevalence was noted in rural areas for both age groups. Health seeking behavior was higher among mothers with secondary education and above for both children under-fives (APR:1.22;95% CI: 1.02, 1.47) and 5–19-year-olds (APR: 1.31; 95% CI:1.01, 1.70). Additionally, those with health insurance also reported higher health seeking behavior (APR: 1.38; 95% CI:1.07, 1.78), while lower for children in rural households (APR: 0.72; 95% CI:0.61, 0.83), for 5–19-year-olds. Conclusions Our findings on morbidity and health-seeking behavior demonstrate the importance of extending health monitoring beyond early childhood. The inequalities identified point to gaps in programming and health service delivery that require attention
The role of electric fields in honey bee (Apis mellifera) communication
No full textHoney bees (Apis mellifera) are capable of detecting and responding to electric fields despite lacking a specialized electroreceptive organ. This ability is mediated through Johnston’s organ, which senses antennal movements induced by fluctuating electric fields in their environment. Among the many potential sources of electric field signals within the hive, the waggle dance, a key recruitment behavior, generates an oscillating electric field due to the movement of the dancer’s charged body and wings. This study investigates the role of electric fields generated by foragers performing the waggle dance and their influence on the behavior of nearby recruits.
To explore this, I developed an artificial waggle dance generator capable of producing electric field patterns that mimic a waggle-dancing bee, including both the high-frequency (~230 Hz) modulation associated with wing vibrations and the low-frequency (~15 Hz) modulation linked to abdominal waggling. In a series of controlled experiments, I first examined the antennal responses of harnessed honey bees exposed to these artificial electric fields. Using video recordings, I measured changes in antennal velocity between waggle dance electric field signal and no-electric field conditions, finding a significant reduction in antennal movement when the electric field was active. This suggests that bees can detect and respond to electric field signals, potentially using them to orient toward the dancer in the dark hive environment.
Next, I investigated the locomotor responses of tethered bees on an air-suspended ball treadmill. Bees exposed to the artificial waggle dance electric field exhibited increased walking activity compared to control conditions, indicating that electric fields may stimulate movement and enhance recruitment. Additionally, I explored whether bees could associate these electric field signals with a sucrose reward using a classical conditioning paradigm. Bees successfully learned to associate the waggle dance electric field with a reward, further supporting the idea that electric fields serve as meaningful cues in honey bee communication.
Finally, I installed the generator electrode on the dance floor of an observation hive to study the spatial and behavioral responses of free-moving bees. While subtle positional shifts were observed, electric fields alone did not strongly influence orientation, suggesting they act in conjunction with other sensory cues.Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada through a Discovery Grant to Byron N. Van Nest (RGPIN-2020-05690)October 202
The local table: how cuisine and interior design can foster local authenticity and community
No full textThis practicum proposes to design a space that holds authentic local food experiences in St. Norbert, Winnipeg, Manitoba. To create such a space, this practicum will aim to understand the complexities and relationships between authenticity, place, local identity and food & sensory experiences.October 202