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An Investigation of Knowledge Retention Using Two-Stage Exams in Undergraduate Biology
No full textAlthough active learning is typically thought of as an in-class experience, this concept can be further applied to assessments as well. Two-stage exams allow for the unique experience of students working collaboratively during examinations, following the completion of the individual stage. Although two-stage exams have been shown to improve student learning gains, the effects of two-stage exams on retention of course content remains variable. I examined the effects of two-stage exams on knowledge retention at various Bloom’s level (Remember, Understand, and Apply) to determine whether two-stage exams promote knowledge retention at various levels of cognitive thinking. A two-stage in-class test followed by the re-testing of questions answered individually or in groups at subsequent time points (5, 48, and 85 days) allowed testing for knowledge retention. Our results indicate that group questions improve knowledge retention at relatively long time periods across all Bloom’s levels while also promoting retention at more complex Bloom’s levels at intermediate and relatively long time periods. Additionally, our analysis reveals that an average of 40% of individual only questions are forgotten by the final exam, while only an average of 19.5% of group questions are forgotten by the final exam. These results indicate that two-stage exams promote the ability to retain complex information at relatively long time periods
Dynamic phasor modelling and simulation of power networks with converter-tied renewable resources
No full textDue to the massive integration of renewable energy generation in modern power systems, the dynamic characteristics of the power grid are rapidly changing. Spurred by device limitations and the wide range of controls present in converter-based generation, the resulting reduction in system inertia and system strength warrant improved modelling methods that provide analytical insight into the operation of modern power systems. Conventional approaches for analysing transient and small-signal stability are being challenged due to the new, non-linear controls present in converter-based generation. Due to their inability to represent the network dynamics, conventional phasor-based methods are no longer suited for detailed studies in converter-based systems. Electromagnetic transient (EMT) based methods successfully capture the dynamic characteristics of such systems but are restricted in terms of their capability to provide analytical insight using formal means such as eigenvalues. This thesis proposes a modelling approach based on average-value, positive-sequence dynamic phasors, that can integrate transient simulation and small-signal studies into a singular modelling platform. A component based modular approach to develop the model of a large power system is presented and is benchmarked against EMT and conventional phasors demonstrating its accuracy on par with EMT simulations, while also providing analytical insight through eigenvalue analysis. The proposed modelling method is parallelized using graphics processing units (GPUs) providing significant performance gains over EMT simulations. A limitation of the proposed modeling method, which arises with networks with all inductor nodes, is addressed using a novel method that allows both transient responses and eigenvalue analyses with a significant reduction in model order. Finally, an example case is studied determining the operational parameters for grid-following and grid-forming converters for stable operation. Based on both eigenvalue analysis and transient responses, this is analysed for a single machine infinite bus (SMIB) system for a case with reducing short circuit strength and a case of network strengthening through series compensation.February 202
Improving MMOD shield performance through control of debris cloud deflection
No full textThe increasing threat posed by centimeter-sized orbital debris, a consequence of increased anthropogenic activities in space, highlights the necessity for advanced, lightweight shielding solutions for spacecraft. This research introduces the ENSURE (Enhanced SURvivability Element) concept, developed by the UM-ORDER Group, which focuses on the redesign of structural components, such as panels, to enhance their protective capabilities without a significant increase in mass.
This study explores the deployment of shielding system integrated within the antenna panel structures of satellites, forming a complicated protection system designed to fragment and disperse debris clouds, thereby mitigating impact risks over extensive stand-off-distance. The design leverages the adaptability of the deflectors to the directional characteristics of orbital debris threats, providing a versatile shielding solution.
To achieve a strong conceptual design, the study employs the γ-SPH (improved smooth-particle hydrodynamics) method within the IMPETUS software package. This method facilitates the development of precise numerical models. The shielding system is designed by evaluating variables such as the deflector's angle and thickness.
The findings reveal that single-deflector systems are ideal for long stand-off-distances, while dual-deflector configurations are more effective for short stand-off-distances. The research highlights the significant efficacy of deflectors in redirecting debris fragments and reducing the density of debris clouds, thereby enhancing spacecraft survivability against larger orbital debris impacts.October 202
Maternal and child mental health: evaluating parenting as a mechanism for intergenerational transmission of mental health challenges
No full textChild mental health challenges increased during the COVID-19 pandemic and may be sustained by the current ‘stress context’ (e.g., unaffordability). Parent and child mental health are linked. Factors such as parenting practices may mediate this link, but results are mixed and research has only considered specific disorders. Transdiagnostic research examines broad symptom dimensions and physiological markers that may underly mental health challenges and may better capture how parenting practices mediate the link between parent and child mental health challenges. This thesis took a broad approach to evaluate how a variety of maternal mental health symptoms (i.e., depression, anxiety, sleep disturbances, anger) and physiological markers (i.e., heart rate, sleep duration, physical activity) were linked with child mental health in a sample of treatment-seeking mothers to young children (n = 137). How this association was mediated by harsh and positive parenting practices was also examined. Results supported the link between maternal mental health symptoms and child mental health problems, but did not find the same association for maternal physiology. While positive parenting was linked to child mental health, only harsh parenting mediated the association between maternal and child mental health with a medium-large effect size. This study adds to the literature as the first to take a broad approach to this problem and extends mediational findings to the first three years of life, a sensitive period (Wachs et al., 2014). Future research should extend this study across multiple timepoints to establish causality while also considering risk factors beyond maternal mental health.October 202
New leaf rehab centre, salutogenic approach to rehabilitation, improving health in rehab facilities through the lens of salutogenic design
No full textDependence and addiction to substances are chronic diseases and major health issues worldwide. Prolonged substance use can cause irreversible damage to both physical and mental health and can even lead to death. Despite advancements in medical treatment for chronic disease, individuals struggling with addiction may still be at risk of relapse due to a lack of a supportive environment. This practicum examines the application of salutogenic theory in interior design, focusing on a rehabilitation centre for substance use. The salutogenic concept, rooted in Aaron Antonovsky's work, emphasizes the promotion of health and well-being rather than the mere absence of disease. In the challenging environment of substance use rehabilitation, where the journey to recovery is both physical and psychological, the significance of recovery and a supportive interior environment cannot be overstated. The study explores the fundamental principles of salutogenic design to create spaces that promote a sense of coherence for individuals receiving treatment. The purpose is to develop a framework to integrate salutogenic concepts into interior design practice. Key components of the proposed framework include the use of natural surroundings, the promotion of sensory engagement, the establishment of privacy and communal spaces, and the incorporation of therapeutic design elements. This project seeks to establish evidence-based design guidelines to enhance the healing process for substance use within rehabilitation centres through a synthesis of literature review, case studies, and site analysis.May 202
Affordances and constraints of the science curriculum for developing culturally diverse science-literate identities
No full textManitoba schools are populated with students from diverse cultural backgrounds. Manitoba’s K to 12 Education Action Plan includes the goal to promote the well-being and inclusion of all students. Hence, it is important to examine the role of curricular documents in including students from all cultural backgrounds. Considering the richly diverse science classrooms in Manitoba and the curriculum vision of forming scientifically literate students, my research asks the following question: What are the affordances and constraints of the Senior 1 Science: A Foundation for Implementation curriculum document for the development of science-literate identities inclusive of diverse cultural backgrounds? I conducted a Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) of the curriculum document, using the theoretical lenses of critical multicultural education and sociocultural studies. The findings of this study point to the need for a science curricular Discourse that problematizes the taken-for-granted assumption that mainstream science is acultural and universal in its discourses and practices, making evident and challenging the hegemonic colonial and Eurocentric Discourses that are normative in the science curriculum. The grade nine science curriculum document presents affordances to culturally inclusive science education, but many constraints to this goal are still in place. These results may contribute to a more inclusive science curriculum and practice in Manitoba and beyond.October 202
Financial challenges faced by Physician Assistant students when seeking financial assistance to attend PA schools in Canada - A Survey based approach
No full textIntroduction: Physician Assistant (PA) students find it challenging to obtain aid and/or loans to
fund their PA school tuition costs in addition to their living expenses in Canada especially
through private institutions. At present, there is no research as to why obtaining loans is
challenging for PA students in Canada. The main goal of this study was to identify what reasons
financial institutions proclaim when refusing a loan application to fund PA schools in Canada.
Methods: We used a survey-based approach to gather our data. Online surveys were distributed
to all three PA schools in Canada to obtain a higher number of responses.
Results: Our results show that 39.6% of the participants stated that they worried about financial
burden in PA school fairly often while 30.2% stated that they worried very often. 33.9% of the
participants stated that their mental health was fair during PA school while 9.4% of the
participants stated that their mental health was poor during PA school. 48.6% of the participants
stated that it was extremely difficult to obtain private loans from financial institutions.
Conclusion: This study showed that obtaining funding for PA schools from financial institutions
in Canada is challenging as we expected. The survey respondents provided various reasons for
why this is the case which were explored throughout the paper. Students were also stressed in PA
school and most participants rated their mental health as poor or fair in our study
Beyond boundaries-exploring game design as an environmental educational tool: the Whitemouth River odyssey
No full textAs we advance toward an interconnected metaverse, seamless transitions between physical and virtual experiences offer new educational opportunities. This study examines possibilities of using immersive games, in environmental education. It is focused on involving users in ecological stories and problem-solving in the Whitemouth River Watershed (WMR).
Virtual landscape design and game software have been used to develop a video game that enhances ecological understanding among middle school students. It begins by giving an overview of metaverse concepts, game design principles and environmental storytelling techniques; illustrating how video games can represent landscapes and enhance ecological understanding to encourage the preservation and conservation of particular environments. The document concludes by presenting the educational video game developed for the WMR area, detailing its storyboard, interface, and missions. It also includes the author’s reflections on the entire process of using a game engine to create a virtual environmental experience and its potential future applications in landscape architecture.October 202
Exploring the needs of Indigenous 2SLGBTQ+ young people in child welfare in Manitoba
No full textThis research addresses the need for Indigenous two-spirit, lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer, transgender, non-binary, and intersex (2SLGBTQ+) specific services for children and youth in the care of Manitoba Child and Family Services (CFS). Throughout this exploration, the researcher has sought the insights of current and past Indigenous 2SLGBTQ+ young people in the care of the child welfare system, and from service providers who experience working with them and understand their needs while in CFS care and post-care.May 202
Investigating the mechanism of Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) ecosystem engineering on dry heath communities in subarctic tundra
No full textArctic terrestrial ecosystems are some of the most extreme environments on earth, with a polar climate and landscapes recently carved by glacial retreat. Soil nutrient availability is a limiting factor for tundra productivity and under these conditions, the impacts of consumer-driven nutrient cycling can be magnified. Arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus) are predators that act as ecosystem engineers in arctic and alpine tundra heath by altering the environment of their den sites, which exhibit increased soil nutrients, verdant atypical vegetation, and deeper snow. These fox dens are biogeochemical hotspots in otherwise nutrient-limited ecosystems and sources of cascading effects across trophic levels. It has been long hypothesized that these dens are so biotically productive because Arctic foxes increase the deposition rate of limiting nutrients by concentrating prey-derived nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in the soil and this hypothesis has been descriptively supported but, the mechanism had not been confirmed with experimentation. To test the ability of the nutrients concentrated by Arctic foxes to cause the ecosystem effects observed on fox dens, I examined a long-term field experiment in Wapusk National Park. Vegetation plots received N and P additions (estimated from fox activity) and/or snow fencing on the windward side to increase snow depth. I investigated how the species composition of plot plant communities changed over 5 years, the treatment effects on plant productivity, intraspecific changes in prostrate shrub leaf metabolism, the response of resident insect communities, and the space use by collared lemmings. I found that nutrient addition facilitates the invasion of tall grass that can accumulate deep snow cover in the winter, deep snow can magnify some effects of increased nutrients, and the nutrient/snow combination can shape plant communities and create preferred lemming habitat. My thesis demonstrates how N and P deposition, increased to a rate within the ability of Arctic foxes, can drive the development of the atypical vegetation and cause the cascading ecosystem effects described at Arctic fox dens. Thus, I support the ability of Arctic foxes to engineer unique den habitat in tundra ecosystems.October 202