Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center
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AQD Matters 2024 January - February
No full textIn this issue: 1) NFRDI to expand collaboration with SEAFDEC/AQD through sardine project; 2) SEAFDEC/AQD starts intensive training for fisheries graduates; 3) NFRDI, SEAFDEC/AQD research collab nets rich pompano harvest; 4) Grouper broodstock transported to Igang Marine Station; 5) Seaweed propagule cleaning; 6) SEAFDEC/AQD trains MAFAR-BARMM staff for sustainable agri-fishery growth; 7) BS Biology students gain practical experience at SEAFDEC/AQD labs; 8) PAO staff enhance skills in crab hatchery operations; 9) Multi-species marine hatchery rising in Surigao del Sur; 10) Dumangas Brackishwater Station yields bountiful milkfish, pompano harves
Ecology, distribution, and recruitment of conch (Gastropoda: Strombidae) in intertidal zones
No full textMacroinvertebrates from Family Strombidae locally known as "sikad-sikad" are some of the major gleaned species in the intertidal areas. This study investigated the ecology, abundance, distribution, and recruitment of conch species of Family Strombidae in the three coastal barangays (Pandaraonan, Dolores, and Tando) of Guimaras Island. The ecological aspects were assessed for three habitat types (seagrass beds, bare sand, and edges of mangrove areas) within each barangay. A total of 319 conch individuals were identified belonging to seven species (Canarium erythrinum, Canarium labiatum, Canarium mutabile, Canarium urceus, Conomurex luhuanus, Gibberelus gibbosus, and Laevistrombus canarium). The distribution of these species varied across habitats but were found most abundant in Enhalus acoroides and Thalassia hemprichii seagrass beds with patchy distribution exhibited by regular or clumping patterns. Shell lengths ranged from 15–50 mm with C. mutabile being the smallest and C. luhuanus and L. canarium as the largest species. Temporal assessment at one site (i.e., seagrass beds of Dolores) showed no significant variation in the abundance and size of adult conch species across monitoring months. However, conch juveniles assessed showed increasing trend in shell length (5, 8, and 12 mm) but with decreasing density (103, 104, and 90 individuals/m2) from February to April, and June 2023, respectively. This study provides relevant information in the development of policies to ensure sustainability of conch as a valuable fisheries commodity
Seasonal growth, carrageenan properties, and resistance to disease and epiphytic pests between Kappaphycus alvarezii (Rhodophyta) var. tambalang (brown) tissue-cultured and farm-sourced seaweeds
No full textGrowth performance (specific growth rate [SGR] and biomass yield), carrageenan properties (yield, viscosity, and gel strength), and disease and pest incidence were compared between Kappaphycus alvarezii var. tambalang (brown) tissue-cultured (TC) plantlets and farm-sourced (FS) seedlings. Seedlings used in the trials were propagules (4‒19 g pieces) and these were deployed on lines in sea cages over three separate runs of 60 days. The highest growth rate was recorded in TC plantlets and the SGRs were significantly higher (1.5‒6.5x) in TC than FS after Day of Culture (DOC) 15 (i.e., measurements taken every 15 days in each cycle). The carrageenan properties did not differ between treatments, with the exception of viscosity at DOC 45, where TC was higher than FS. “Ice-ice” disease (IID) was observed in both FS and TC in May‒June and August‒October at DOC 45 to 60, coinciding with changes in environmental conditions (i.e., dry‒wet and wet seasons). IID in FS had a moderate to very high incidence (31.2‒86.2%), while TC IID had a lower range of incidence (12.8‒60.6%). On the other hand, epiphytic filamentous algae (EFA) were observed only in August‒October with a low incidence (≤25%). However, EFA appeared earlier in FS than in TC. Taken together, these results highlight that tissue-cultured seaweeds had higher growth performance without compromising carrageenan quality and may be more resistant to health problems than farm-sourced seedlings. Studies should now assess the long-term viability of using tissue-cultured seaweeds over farm-sourced seedlings scaling to allow testing in standard farm settings, including the size of the initial seed.The study is supported by SEAFDEC/AQD with study code DP-01-S2020I
The value of grey literature on climate change research in the Philippines: A bibliometric analysis
No full textThis study highlights the value of grey literature in climate change research in the Philippines, emphasizing its essential role in understanding the issue within the country’s unique socioeconomic and natural environment. A bibliometric analysis of publications in local journals reveals that various types and formats of grey literature are not merely supplementary but essential for communicating climate change, its effects, and adaptation strategies. Despite the prevalence of major publishers, a substantial amount of research in the country continues to be disseminated through local journals. However, these journals face significant challenges, including limited coverage in major databases and concerns about quality, which hinder their global recognition and impact. The findings recommend that the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) enhance the capacity of higher education institutions (HEIs) to improve the quality and credibility of local journals. This improvement would increase their visibility and reach, ensuring that the comprehensive body of Filipino research is preserved, recognized, and utilized in the global discourse on climate change. Consequently, this will foster a more inclusive and informed approach to understanding and addressing this global challenge.The authors acknowledge the support of Northern Iloilo State University in the completion of this research. This research was presented online at the Twenty-Fifth International Conference on Grey Literature, held on November 13-14, 2023
Sea cucumber hatchery and nursery production
Full text linkContains information on the hatchery and nursery culture of the sea cucumber, Holothuria scabra.Revised versionRevised versio
The complete mitochondrial genome of freshwater gammarid Gammarus nipponensis (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Gammaridae)
No full textThis study presents the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Gammarus nipponensis, a freshwater crustacean found in the western regions of Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu in Japan. The entire genome is 16,429 bp in length, encoding a standard set of 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes and 22 transfer RNA genes, as well as the putative control regions. The mitochondrial genome of G. nipponensis is characterized by a high concentration of A and T nucleotides (67.1%). Notably, the mitogenome contains long TATTTTA repeats in the control region 2 at 686 bp long. This newly available genome information will be useful for studying the evolutionary relationships within the genus Gammarus and for understanding diversification among G. nipponensis populations
Temporal variation in the incidence of seaweed health problems affecting farmed Kappaphycus striatus in relation to environmental conditions in shallow waters
No full textA fixed off-bottom Kappaphycus striatus var. sacol farm was monitored for 12 months (June 2019 to May 2020) and the monthly incidence of disease and pests was recorded. Meteorological information in situ, from the nearest synoptic station and online data were collected to determine the relationships between temporal environmental changes and the incidence of seaweed health problems. The results showed that “ice-ice” disease (IID) was observed in dry months (i.e., from February to April 2020) and was significantly influenced by increased irradiance, salinity, sea surface temperature, and wind speed (p=0.004‒0.030). Also, the IID incidence was positively affected by reduced precipitation, storm surface run-off, water current speed, and inorganic nutrient (nitrite and ammonia) levels (p=0.002‒0.019). In comparison, epiphytic filamentous algae (EFA) were observed in wet months (i.e., from September to December 2019), with incidence varying from low to very high (≤25–100%) as the culture progressed. EFA incidence was significantly influenced by reduced salinity and increased storm surface run-off and inorganic nutrient (nitrate and ammonia) levels (p=0.006‒0.040). An intense tropical cyclone struck the farming area in December 2019, resulting in partial die-offs of farmed seaweed. Such seaweed health problems are expected to become more prevalent in the coming years as weather disturbances brought about by changing weather patterns become more frequent and intense. Hence, mitigation and preventative approaches must be fully considered to sustain the industry’s growth while protecting the livelihoods of many coastal communities dependent on seaweed farming.This study was supported by the United Kingdom Research and Innovation–Global Challenges Research Fund (UKRI-GCRF) “GlobalSeaweedSTAR” Programme (Grant No. BB/P027806/1) and implemented at SEAFDEC/AQD with a Study Code: FH-01-S2017T
Seaweed health problems: Major limiting factors affecting the sustainability of the seaweed aquaculture industry in the Philippines
No full textThe Philippines remains one of the top eucheumatoid seaweed producers worldwide. However, the reported seaweed health problems affecting farms have been one of the reasons for the decline in seaweed production in the country. Outbreaks of “ice-ice” disease (IID), epiphytic pests, and grazing problems have significantly reduced biomass yields and compromised carrageenan quality, directly affecting the livelihood of tens of thousands of families dependent on seaweed farming. In this chapter, we listed seaweed health problems based on type-association with the host seaweed plant and highlighted factors contributing to farm problems. Additionally, recommendations are presented that are relevant to the protection of the long-term sustainability of the eucheumatoid seaweed farming industry in the Philippines
Manual on important marine parasites and their hosts in the Philippines
Full text linkThis manual gives basic information on some parasites of different infected fish submitted to the Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center/ Aquaculture Department (SEAFDEC/AQD) Diagnostic Service Laboratory in Tigbauan, Iloilo, Philippines. It is intended as a reference for those working in aquaculture in the Philippines. It is also designed to be a valuable reference for students, researchers, and enthusiasts eager to delve into the captivating field of parasitology and parasitic disease management
In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the efficacies of commercial probiotics and disinfectant against acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease and luminescent vibriosis in Litopenaeus vannamei
No full textThe bioactivities of two commercially available probiotics and one chemical disinfectant were tested against strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VPAHPND) and V. harveyi. This study aimed to determine shrimp pathogenic Vibrios' in vitro and in vivo sensitivities to commercial probiotics and a chemical disinfectant. The probiotics and disinfectant were tested first in vitro, followed by the in vivo trials. Results showed that upon administration of probiotics either through diet or adding into the tank water, the survivability of shrimp was increased during challenge with VPAHPND and V. harveyi. Also, the disinfectant was tested against the same pathogens and showed positive bactericidal effects at 2500 ppm and 5000 ppm. The present findings suggest that adding probiotics to the rearing water or the shrimp feeds effectively prevents infection by lowering the load of pathogenic bacteria. In comparison, the effectiveness of the disinfectant (PUR) depends on its appropriate concentration and timing of application. It is not only limited to rearing water but is also applicable for decontaminating pond liners, tanks, and other paraphernalia.Special thanks to the Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center/Aquaculture Department for the support (FH-01-C2016T), the shrimp farm for providing experimental animals, and the Fish Health Section staff for assistance during this study. The authors acknowledge Miguel Leal for their comments to improve the quality of the manuscript