Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center
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Susceptibility of Macrobachium rosenbergii to local white spot syndrome virus isolate using immersion assay
No full textWhite spot syndrome virus (WSSV) continue to be one of the leading causes of serious epizootic in cultured shrimp. Macrobrachium rosenbergii or giant freshwater prawns are found to be resistant in White spot syndrome virus (WSSV). However, conflicting studies have shown that pathogenicity of WSSV to M.rosenbergii may vary according to the life cycle of prawn, strain of WSSV and the source of the virus during passaging. On this preliminary study, the susceptibility of M. rosenbergii stocks to local strain of WSSV as exposed via immersion assay will be determined. Likewise, the pathogenicity of WSSV will be identified using the median lethal dose (LD50). The confirmation for the presence of WSSV on giant freshwater prawns will be done using nested PCR. The preliminary study will provide valuable data for the succeeding experiments
Private sectors perspectives: Problems and constraints of the mud crab grow-out industry
Get PDFAbstract only.Mud crab aquaculture industry in the province of Capiz received much attention after production constraints due to diseases were encountered by the prawn industry. Fishpond operators sought for an alternative high value species and realized the potential of the king crab, Scylla serrata. This species is not native to Capiz and has to be sourced from other parts of the country, particularly from the Bicol region and Samar. The techniques for grow-out culture were gradually refined as farmers learned from the experiences of others. Presently, mud crab aquaculture is being done by private sectors based more on art. However, mud crab culture requires a lot of science to make the production consistent and sustainable. The practices of farmers and the problems they have encountered are presented together with the overall industry concerns
Mangrove structure and mud crab population in northern Samar
No full textThis study assessed the mangrove community structure, relative seasonal abundance of all size classes of crabs (catch per unit effort or CPUE) and percent composition of the catch in two collection grounds in Pambujan and Rosario, Northern Samar using cylindrical bamboo traps and lift nets. Mangroves in Pambujan was dominated by Avicennia marina and A. alba. The initial total count of mangrove trees (67 stems ha-1) was slightly higher compared with the final count (61 stems ha-1). On the other hand, mangroves in Rosario was dominated by Rhizophora apiculata and R. stylosa. The total count of mangrove trees was higher in the initial (108 stems ha-1) compared with the final (46 stems ha-1). However, saplings and seedlings increased in both sites after 18 months. Mean CPUE ranged from 0.04 to 0.4 crabs using cylindrical bamboo traps in the monthly spring tide sampling for 19 months in Pambujan. High mean CPUE was recorded in February and August 2008. Mean CPUE ranged from 0.04 to 0.41 crabs using lift nets in the monthly spring tide sampling. The highest mean CPUE was noted in August. The initial and final CPUE were comparable. In Rosario, mean CPUE ranged from 0.3 to 1.78 crabs monthly caught in cylindrical bamboo traps and from 0.04 to 0.77 crabs in lift nets. In general, the number of crabs caught in both traps was higher in Rosario than in Pambujan. Mud crab ranged from 2.02-72.2% of the monthly total catch in lift nets in Pambujan. Other species of crabs ranging from 27.78 to 86.36% were the dominant catch in several months. In Rosario, mud crab ranged from 12.5 to 82.35% of the monthly total catch. The catch composition of the cylindrical bamboo traps was more varied compared with lift nets in both sites. The decrease in the population of mud crabs may also be associated with the decrease in mangrove trees. With the continuous cutting of trees and regular extraction of all sizes of mud crabs, the industry may no longer become sustainable. This paper is the first to be done on the assessment of the mud crab population in Northern Samar and the information gathered can be used as basis for the development and improvement of the existing fisheries legislation for the conservation and management of the remaining wild resources
Breeding and culture of the polychaete, Marphysa mossambica, as feed for the mud crab
Get PDFMarine worms (Annelida: Polychaeta) are considered as important food for crustacean broodstock because they contain hormones and correct balance of essential nutrients for reproduction. Marphysa mossambica (Peters, 1854) occurs in muddy coastal areas and is abundant in fish farms where it builds burrows in nutrient-rich sediments. This species encapsulates their eggs and larvae in gelatinous masses (jelly cocoons). It is a multiple spawner, and breeders are repeatedly spawning in tanks. Culture techniques have also been developed and established in tanks. Based on dry weight, cultured M. mossambica contained 62-66% crude protein and 7-12% lipids with levels of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) such as arachidonic (20:4n-6), eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) at 0.2-0.5%, 0.2-0.3% and 0.3-0.5%, respectively. Stocks were monitored for the presence of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) using polymerase chain reaction-based diagnostic methods. The WSSV-free polychaetes mass-produced in tanks were utilized as live food for mud crab S. serrata broodstock. Mud crab broodstock fed natural food (mussel, fish, and squid) with live Marphysa on daily feed rotation produced higher number of crab zoeae, larval survival, total lipids and HUFAs than those fed natural food without live Marphysa. Production of nutrient-rich WSSV-free polychaetes in captivity can play a significant role in supporting crustacean hatcheries that supply seeds to the nursery and grow-out
Mud crab marketing practices
Get PDFPresented in the article is the mud crab (Scylla spp.) marketing practices in the province of Capiz. It is one of the major producers of mud crab in brackishwater ponds in the country. Hence, several trading centers or buying stations are found in this province. In Pontevedra, Capiz alone, there are more than 20 buying stations. The crabs from ponds coming from Aklan, Iloilo and within Capiz are brought to the buying stations almost daily. There are 5 kinds of market in the mud crab trading business such as, households, local markets/restaurants, traders/buying, exporters, and importers. Methods in classifying and packing of crabs are also discussed
Expressions of molt-inhibiting hormone (MIH) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) during the molting stages of the giant mud crab, Scylla serrata
No full textSurvival and growth of mud crabs and any other crustaceans depend on molting. Molting is influenced by several hormones, two of which are Molt-Inhibiting Hormone {MIH} and a molt promoting hormone, the Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase (ERK). Controlling and synchronizing the molting of the crabs would be a big boost to the mud crab industry, especially in the production of soft shell crabs. The best way to control molting would be to stock juvenile crabs of the same molting stage together. In this study, hormone expressions were analyzed using quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (1RT-PCR). Molt stages of 36 juvenile S. serrata were established based on MIH and ERK expression levels that was analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). One group of six individuals had MIH value equal to zero and presumed to be in the PR stage. The rest of the crabs had values for MIH and were presumed to be in the PM-IM stage. The value of ERK for the PM-IM stage was higher at 24.79 than in the PR stage at 21.67. Based on the data gathered, morphological markers may now be identified to standardize hormone expression. This would be the first study concerning the comparison of hormones during molting.This research was supported by the Department of Science and Technology - Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic, and Natural Resources Research and Development and the Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center - Aquaculture Department, along with CDO Foodsphere, Inc. for providing the mud crabs
Development of a sustainable mangrove crab industry through science-based research
No full textFarming of mangrove crab (or mud crab) species, e.g. Scylla serrata, S. tranquebarica and S. olivacea has long been established in the Philippines although the preferred species for growing is S. serrata. The Philippines’ total production of mangrove crab from aquaculture in 2013 was estimated at 16,160 metric tons valued at PhP 5.2 billion, making the country the second top producer of mangrove crab in the world (FAO, 2015). The sources of crab seeds for farming are from the wild and in recent years, a small percentage from hatcheries. Degradation of the natural habitat and uncontrolled collection of all sizes of crabs have resulted in the depletion of the natural population of mangrove crab. As a stopgap measure, the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) together with the provincial and municipal government issued ordinances that prohibit the gathering and selling of crablets (≤3 cm) outside the municipality of origin to reduce not only the volume of harvest from the natural habitat but also the collection and trading of ovigerous (berried) females. This has resulted to increased acceptability of hatchery-reared crab juveniles by crab growers. Through the R&D efforts of the Philippine-based SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department, dissemination of sustainable management of mangrove crab culture to the region has been intensified for a sustainable mangrove crab industry in Southeast Asia
Growth and feed performance, digestibility and acute stress response of juvenile grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) fed diets with hydrolysate from milkfish offal
No full textNutritional qualities of fish processing by-products can further be improved through enzymatic hydrolysis. The objective of this study was to elucidate the efficacy of hydrolysed milkfish offal at different inclusion levels when fed to juvenile grouper, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus, with an initial body weight of 2.88 ± 0.06 g. The animals were fed for 56 days with seven diets supplemented with 0 (control), 5%, 15% and 25% of milkfish offal (MO) and milkfish offal hydrolysate (MOH). The diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous (45%) and isolipidic (11%). The diets were assigned to 21 tanks (15 fish per tank) with each diet having three replicates. Results from the experimental trials indicated that feed conversion efficiency, feed intake and weight gain of fish significantly (P 90%) did not differ in all the dietary treatments. Proximate composition (crude protein, crude fat and ash) indicated no significant difference among fish fed from all the dietary treatments. Apparent digestibility of MOH indicated a 95% and 66% digestibility for protein and dry matter respectively. Plasma stress parameters (cortisol and glucose) were not influenced by the dietary treatment when fish were subjected to an acute stressor (5-min chasing). Liver morphology indicated normal hepatocyte shape and the presence of lipid droplets in fish fed from all the dietary treatments. The results indicated that milkfish offal processed as hydrolysate can be utilized in grouper diets and can promote growth and feed efficiency when supplied at 10–15%
Abdominal segment deformity syndrome (asds) and fused body segment deformity (fbsd) in cultured Penaeus indicus
No full textThe abdominal segment deformity disease (ASDD) is a new shrimp disease reported only in cultured Penaeus vannamei in Thailand. Shrimp with ASDD have deformed abdominal segment, jagged gut line and bumpy surfaces. Similar signs were observed in cultured P. indicus in the Philippines. However, aside from the signs described for ASDD, some P. indicus showing abdominal segment deformity syndrome (ASDS) had more severe deformities up to the extent that the number of body segments was reduced due to fusion. Shrimp with fused body segment deformity (FBSD) had four instead of five pairs of legs. To account the prevalence of the deformities in P. indicus, shrimp were classified into grossly normal shrimp (NS), shrimp with abdominal segment deformity syndrome (ASDS) and shrimp with fused segments (FBSD). Out of the shrimp sampled, 83.4 ± 5.4% was NS, 10.9 ± 6.2% was ASDS and 5.7 ± 3.0% was FBSD. Morphometric characteristics of the shrimp were measured. There was no significant difference in body weight (BW) among male and female NS, ASDS and FBSD. In both sexes, total length (TL) of FBSD was significantly shorter compared to NS and ASDS. Shrimp samples were also screened to be negative for known infectious viral diseases including white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV), infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV), P. vannamei nodavirus (PvNV), Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV) and Taura syndrome virus (TSV). Occurrence of ASDS and FBSD in post-larvae (PL) produced from captive and wild spawners were also determined. Based on a tank experiment, no significant difference was detected between the percentages of ASDS in PL produced from wild or captive spawners but FBSD was only noted in PL produced from the latter. Deformities generally did not affect the size of P. indicus except for the reduced length of shrimp with FBSD which when coupled with missing pleopods could lead to major economic loss for shrimp farmers if not addressed properly.This work was supported by the AQD, SEAFDEC (5310-TTV-C0314T)
Optimum low salinity to reduce cannibalism and improve survival of the larvae of freshwater African catfish Clarias gariepinus
No full textThe freshwater African catfish Clarias gariepinus is carnivorous and cannibalistic even during the larval and juvenile stages and this behavior causes economic losses in aquaculture. This study examined for the first time the effect of salinity on cannibalism, survival, and growth of African catfish larvae in the hatchery. Larvae (4 days old, median 7.8 mm TL, 2.8 mg BW) of the African catfish were reared for 21 days at nominal salinity 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 ppt. After 21 days, they grew to 10–39 mm (median 22 mm) and 10–490 mg (median 90 mg), with no significant difference by salinity treatments. Survival ratios were similarly low (24–31%) at 0, 1, 3, and 7 ppt and significantly higher (49–55%) at 2, 4, 5, and 6 ppt. Cannibalism was significantly lower, 15–30% at 4–6 ppt, than the 40–50% at 0–3 and 7 ppt. Size variation was lower at 4–6 ppt and higher at 0–3 and 7 ppt. We recommend hatchery rearing of African catfish at the optimum low salinity of 4–6 ppt rather than in full fresh water at least up to 21 days. This rearing method fosters larval welfare and improves hatchery production