Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center
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Status of aquatic animal health in Indonesia
Get PDFFish disease is one of the main obstacles in the success of aquaculture production because of the loss caused by it. The outbreak of diseases has resulted to a substantial economic loss which was reported to have reached almost USD 400 million. To minimize the impact of losses caused by fish diseases, the Indonesian government through the Directorate General of Aquaculture, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries has a fish disease monitoring and surveillance program. The program aims to monitor the occurrence of fish diseases in Indonesia, especially in the fish and shrimp farming centers and to educate on how to control them. In 2018, the monitoring and surveillance program have 34 provinces with 100 districts/cities location targets targeting fish and shrimp diseases. Based on the results of the monitoring and surveillance activities in 2018, the fish and shrimp are affected by the following diseases: White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), Infectious Hypodermal and Haemotopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHHNV), Infectious Myonecrosis Virus (IMNV), Iridovirus, Aeromonas hydrophila, Streptococcus iniae, Streptococcus agalactiae, Edwardsiella ictaluri and Ichthyophthiriasis. The program to control fish diseases in order to minimize the losses has also been carried out by the government including trainings on the application of biosecurity, the use of vaccines, probiotics, immunostimulants and herbal medicines
Report of aquatic animal diseases in Thailand during January – June 2019
Get PDFAquaculture is an important industry in Thailand which has been established more than two decades ago. The cultured species are divided into two main groups; shrimp and finfish farming. The major cultured shrimp species are Penaeus vannamei (Pacific white shrimp), P. monodon (black tiger shrimp) and Macrobrachium rosenbergii (giant freshwater prawn), whereas the finfish are Oreochromis sp., Lates calcarifer and Epinephelus sp. Also, ornamental fish such as Cyprinus carpio (Koi carp), Carassius spp. (goldfish), and Betta splendens (fighting fish or betta). Disease outbreaks are the key factor that affect Thailand’s aquaculture production and resulting in economic losses. The infectious diseases in aquaculture are mainly caused by viral and bacterial pathogens. In 2018, the reported shrimp pathogens are white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), yellow head virus (YHV) genotype 1, Taura syndrome virus (TSV), infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV), Vibrio parahaemolyticus causing acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (VPAHPND), and microsporidian Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP). On the other hand, the reported pathogens in finfish are Betanodavirus causing viral nervous necrosis (VNN), Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) and Streptococcus sp. etc. In Thailand, the Department of Fisheries (DOF) is the competent authority for various aspects of aquatic animals including aquatic animal health.
Strategies to prevent and control diseases in aquatic animals include issuance of legislations/regulations, implementation of biosecurity measures, disease surveillance programs, capacity building, cooperation with international and national organizations.
Moreover, DOF has developed contingency plan in dealing with aquatic animal disease emergencies through the provincial fisheries officer. The provincial fisheries officer acts as director of emergency aquatic animal disease control center in each province, while Aquatic Animal Health Research and Development Division (AAHRDD) and Songkhla Aquatic Animal Health Research and Development Center (SAAHRC) serve as disease diagnosis and laboratory testing centers. Because of the above actions, we are capable of preventing and controlling disease outbreaks in the country. But during the occurrence of some diseases, we have no treatment to support and completely solve the problem. Example are viral diseases, unlike bacterial diseases which can be treated by using chemical or drug. Furthermore, there are a few researches that could be applied in farm level. Especially shrimp which has no adaptive immunity, so it is difficult to develop vaccine compare to fish. Therefore, DOF mostly recommended farmers to follow the good management practices on aquatic animal health for promoting sustainable aquaculture
Status of aquatic animal health in the Philippines
Get PDFThe national aquatic animal disease surveillance and reporting system is implemented by the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources in coordination with other recognized laboratories. It covers the OIE/NACA listed diseases particularly those that cause major problems in aquaculture. The fisheries laboratories continuously enhance their capabilities to support the surveillance activities, controls on transboundary movement of aquatic animals, and provide services to the fish farmers. Programs are implemented to strengthen the aquatic animal health services in the country. Promotion of Good Aquaculture Practice and implementation of biosecurity measures are being done to prevent disease occurrences. Collaboration with other institutions on aquatic animal health programs are also established. The paper provides the information on the country’s status on aquatic animal health management
Report on sustainable aquaculture and resource enhancement in Thailand
Get PDFAbstract only.Aquaculture in Thailand has continuously developed to become an important aquaculture producer in the world. This is possible because of Thailand’s geographical location which is suitable for aquaculture, climate, and experienced farmers. The types of aquaculture in Thailand consist of natural, semi-intensive, intensive and super-intensive farming. The main freshwater aquatic species cultured in Thailand are Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), hybrid catfish (Clarias macrocephalus x C. gariepinus), and giant river prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii); Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), giant tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon), Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer) and grouper (Epinephelus sp), in brackish water. Yield from marine shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei, Peneaus monodon) culture comprised 64 % of the total marine aquaculture production. Shrimp aquaculture, a development of the agricultural industry, is income generating and creates jobs in various parts of the country. The rapid growth in shrimp production resulted in problems with cumulative impacts; one of the issues is the occurrence of epidemic diseases. Diseases have emerged as a major constraint to the sustainable growth of the shrimp aquaculture industry. Shrimp diseases have caused significant losses in production and jobs, reduced earning, export restrictions, failure and closing of business and decreased the confidence of consumers. Aquaculture, in this digital period of technology is mainly used in the aquaculture of marine shrimp — development of feeding applications, notification of aquatic animal diseases, proper aquaculture management. Technology is also used in the aquatic animal health examination to get accurate information to timely solve underlying problem (s); and thus reduces severe damage to the crop.
The new fisheries law and legal policies in Thailand recognize the importance of the aquaculture industry. The new order has a clear direction to prevent aquatic animal diseases from importing controlled aquatic animals, including the standard law for Pacific white shrimp hatchery including promoting environmentally friendly practices. The present Department of Fisheries (DOF), Thailand has encouraged standard farm to shrimp farmer including Good Aquaculture Practice (GAP), Code of Conduct (CoC), Thai Agriculture Standard (TAS): 7401, 7422, 7432 and 9000, Compartment (Biosecurity system) and Organic standard farm. The DOF has promoted aquaculture to achieve sustainability and enhancement of fishery resources, Therefore developed monitoring system, controlling system, surveillance system, and traceability system for aquaculture. To encourage farmers to have environmentally friendly aquaculture and products safe for consumers
Utilization of a portable glucometer for the measurement of tissue glucose as a stress indicator in ornamental fish
No full textThe stress response in vertebrates is determined by measuring cortisol production following acute or chronic exposure to various environmental stimuli. Cortisol assays as responses to stressful events are done on blood samples using ELISA or radio-immunoassays. However, these procedures require expensive reagents and special equipment that are not available to most fish growers or hobbyists. A portable glucometer, which is a point-of-care (POC) device to monitor blood glucose levels, was assessed in terms of its usefulness in assessing the stress response in vertebrates by quantitating whole body (tissue) glucose. Using ornamental fish as our model species, glucose levels from tissue homogenates were measured in swordtail (Xiphophorus hellerii) following handling stress by exposure to air for 3 min. Tissue glucose was measured before air exposure (control), immediately after air exposure for 3 min, and at 30 min post-air exposure (recovery). There was an increase in tissue glucose immediately after exposure of the fish to air for 3 min. At 30 min post-exposure, the levels of tissue glucose were still elevated, but may be moving towards returning to the pre-air exposure levels (control), which were measured prior to the application of the stressor. Our results have shown that a portable glucometer has good potential in monitoring stress response in vertebrates using ornamental fish as a model by quantifying tissue glucose in lieu of a more expensive cortisol assay
Mga teknolohiya sa pagpapaanak ng mga isdang tabang: Tilapya, karpa, hito, at ayungin
Get PDFAng babasahing ito ay isinulat upang ipamahagi sa mga mambabasa ang simpleng kaalaman sa pagpapaanak at pagpaparami ng mga isdang tabang tulad ng tilapya, karpa, hito, at ayungin. Ang mga teknolohiyang may kinalaman sa pagpaparami ng mga similya sa mga hatcheries ng mga nabanggit na mga isdang tabang ay hango sa mga pag-aaral at pananaliksik sa SEAFDEC/AQD Binangonan Freshwater Station bukod sa mahahalagang kaalaman mula sa ibang mga bansa na nagsasagawa rin ng pagpaparami ng mga naturang isdang tabang
Black tiger shrimp culture rejuvenation: the OPLAN Balik Sugpo of SEAFDEC/AQD
No full textBack in its glory days, black tiger shrimp was an economic jewel of the Philippines and other countries in Asia that garnered millions of dollars’ worth of earnings from production and export. Until production methods became destructive to the environment — causing havoc to mangroves, producing harmful substances in ponds, and sending excessive organic load to downstream riverine and marine ecosystems. However, the international demands and value of the species did not waver. With this, the Government of the Philippines through the Department of Agriculture-Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (DABFAR) mandated SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department (AQD) to revive the production of black tiger shrimp by using more sustainable and environment-friendly practices in its existing aquaculture systems. Thus, SEAFDEC/AQD has come up with sustainable and profitable intensive shrimp culture techniques to bring back the precious black tiger shrimp into the international market
Factors affecting the spatio-temporal variability in the production of sandfish Holothuria scabra juveniles in floating hapa ocean nursery systems
No full textHatchery production of the tropical sea cucumber Holothuria scabra or sandfish has been successfully demonstrated in various countries, especially during the past decade. However, the main bottleneck in up-scaling production of larger sandfish juveniles is in the nursery phase where land-based facilities are limited in the Philippines compared to other countries. This has led to some promising pioneering research in ocean-based sandfish nurseries in the Philippines. However, site-specific and seasonal inconsistencies in production levels were observed. In this study, a comprehensive experiment comparing 17 replicated nursery culture operations of sandfish juveniles using floating hapas, was conducted across four sites with distinct geo-climatic zones in the Philippines and at different months from 2013 to 2016. We evaluated the performance of the ocean-based floating hapa nursery system by determining the effects of periphyton characteristics and broad-scale differences in meteorological variables to growth and survival of juvenile sandfish within different geo-climatic zones. Our data confirmed high spatial (across site) and temporal (among trials within site) variability in sandfish culture performances. Wind stress was the most significant driver of this variation, which negatively influenced growth and survival of juveniles especially during Cycle 1 (first 30 d). Sandfish growth was positively related to Chl-a and mean temperature, but was negatively impacted by Wind stress, Autotropic Index (AI), total rainfall (∑Rain), and sea-surface atmospheric pressure; while survival was positively affected by phaeophytin and Ash-Free Dry Weight (AFDW) content of the hapa biofilm. In Cycle 2 (succeeding 31–60 d), growth and survival was greatly influenced negatively by the re-stocked density (number of individuals surviving from Cycle 1), while survival was further affected negatively by ∑Rain and AFDW. Our results provide significant information on suitable ocean nursery conditions, periphyton/biofilm characteristics, and spatial-temporal considerations for optimizing production of H. scabra juveniles in floating hapas. We also highlight the negative effects of increasing biomass density when on-growing larger juveniles in this system. These insights are valuable in optimizing management and operation of ocean nurseries for sandfish, not only in various potential sites in the Philippines, but also in many developing tropical countries in the Indo-Pacific.This study was funded by the Australian Centre for International Agriculture Research (ACIAR) through the project FIS/2010/042 “Expansion and Diversification of Production and Management Systems for Sea Cucumbers in the Philippines, Vietnam and Northern Australia” and FIS/2016/122 “Increasing technical skills supporting community-based sea cucumber production in Vietnam and the Philippines” with counterpart funding support from the University of the Philippines Marine Science Institute (UP-MSI) and administrative support from the Marine Environment and Resources Foundation (MERF), Inc.; SEAFDEC/AQD with the study code FS-01-Y2019T; Guiuan Development Foundation, Inc. (GDFI) with the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) Region 8; and the Mindanao State University at Naawan (MSU-Naawan)
Increasing the availability of West African Grey Literature to improve marine fisheries management
No full textThe Fishery Committee for the Eastern Central Atlantic (CECAF) seeks to promote the sustainable utilization of the living marine resources across the Eastern Central Atlantic between Cape Spartel and the Congo river through informed development of fisheries management actions. Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) is contributing to the CECAF-PESCAO project “Improved Regional Fisheries Governance in Western Africa”, by developing a comprehensive inventory of marine fisheries research covering both primary literature (available online on both commercial and free to use platforms) and grey literature available at institutions holdings and not always accessible online. This assessment of fisheries management research in the region will enable CECAF, ASFA and, critically, member countries the means to access relevant contextual and discernible science-based materials and publications. Cataloguing and subsequent bibliometric analysis of large amounts of information specific to regional fisheries management will encourage solid research-based fisheries management recommendations at the national level by highlighting areas of fisheries management to investigate. This paper presents the preliminary results of the research inventory and bibliometric analysis, comparing the amount and type of information available in primary and grey literature collections for the region and at individual country level