Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center
Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Aquaculture Department Institutional Repository (SEAFDEC/AQD Institutional Repository )Not a member yet
4215 research outputs found
Sort by
Factors affecting mortality of shrimp, Penaeus monodon, experimentally infected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus causing acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (VPAHPND)
Get PDFOne of the most recent diseases affecting the shrimp industry is the early mortality syndrome (EMS). EMS, characterized by observed mortality in shrimp within the first 35 days of culture, is due to several diseases, one of which is the acute hepatopancreatic disease (AHPND). Outbreaks due to AHPND have caused economic losses to many shrimp producing countries globally. This paper investigates factors affecting mortality of shrimp, Penaeus monodon experimentally infected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus causing AHPND (VPAHPND).
Tank experiments done suggested that exposure to 107 cfu/ml VPAHPND, 35°C, and 10 and 28 ppt increase the risk of shrimp mortality due to AHPND. The VPAHPND concentration in the water that P. monodon can overcome is AHPND is age related, with higher mortalities in younger infected shrimp.The study was funded by the Government of Japan under the Trust Fund (GoJ TF 6) granted to SEAFDEC/AQD under study code FH04-C2015T. The authors express their gratitude to Ms. Remedios Sobremisana and Mr. Joshua Fabillo for the assistance during conduct of the study
Potential use of agricultural wastes in aquafeed production
Get PDFDisposal of agricultural wastes are posing environmental hazards which leads to efforts of efficiently utilizing them. This study surveyed a sugar central and a fruit processing plant to collect data on the volume of wastes from representative agricultural crops (e.g. mango, citrus, pineapple, sugarcane, papaya and soybean) in the Philippines during the 2012–2013 and 2014–2015 seasons, respectively. Their potential use in aquafeed was examined in terms of nutritional quality, presence of anti-nutritional factors (ANFs) and pesticide residues. About 40 to 60 % of agricultural wastes generated after processing were peels, pulps or brans, seeds, bagasse, molasses and okara. Most of the agricultural wastes had high levels of fiber and carbohydrate, and low levels of protein, although okara (25 % crude protein) and citrus by-products (11–16 % crude protein) showed acceptable nutritional quality. ANFs such as lignin are largely present in all agricultural wastes, whereas high levels of phenols, and saponins and alkaloids were found in mango seeds and mango peels, respectively. Pesticide residues were detected only in mango and citrus peels but at levels below the maximum residue limits of FAO Codex Alimentarius. From both nutritional and environmental perspectives, agricultural wastes have potential use in aquafeed production but their suitability should be further elucidated in diets for omnivorous fish species such as tilapia.The study was supported by the Government of Japan – Trust Fund 6 under the study code: 8300-B-RD-FD0415. The authors thank the staff of the sugar central, fruit processing plant and government offices for sharing their data with the authors and Mr. Nemencio Olorvida for his assistance during field collection
Integrated production of abalone, Haliotis asinina, and sandfish, Holothuria scabra, through Community-Based Resource Enhancement (CBRE) in Molocaboc Island in Sagay Marine Reserve, Philippines
Get PDFThis study conducted participatory enhancement of abalone Haliotis asinina and sandfish Holothuria scabra stocks using hatchery-bred and reared seeds released in the shores of Molocaboc Island in multi-use buffer zone of Sagay Marine Reserve, Philippines. The Community-Based Resource Enhancement (CBRE) process, implemented continuously from 2006 to 2019, include social and biophysical preparation, formulation of fisheries management and governance strategies, release of hatchery-reared juveniles, monitoring and periodic assessment, and socioeconomic impact assessment.
CBRE was implemented through a tri-party collaboration involving fisherfolks, local government and research institutions. The abalone and sandfish enhancement procedures comprised of breeding in hatcheries, rearing of juveniles either in nursery facilities or net cages in coastal areas, and release in enhancement areas.
A total of 11,500 tagged abalone juveniles were released in 11 batches in a protected coralline site from 2011 to 2015. Monthly monitoring showed increase in abalone catch per unit effort (3 divers, 1 hour fishing) in the release site from 0–2 individuals during baseline in 2011 to up to 150 individuals until 2019, including spill-overs without tags. Meanwhile, 96,400 hatchery-bred and reared sandfish juveniles were stocked in floating netcages in 15 batches and later released in sea ranch where mean density increased significantly from 3 to 138 individuals/ha in 2015 to 2019. Gleaning should comply with locally instituted catch-size regulation to sustain the fishery.
Additional project activities include the construction and operationalization of a smallscale solar-powered hatchery on-site; freeze-drying trials of abalone meat to improve market reach; and initiatives to replicate the project in Lahuy Islands in Caramoan, Camarines Sur. Aquaculture, through seed production, therefore plays a key role in enhancement of threatened high-value species. Resource enhancement benefitted the fisheries through participatory management and eventually provided spill-overs to supplement income of marginalized fishers.The authors thank SEAFDEC/AQD and collaborators such as the Barangay Molocaboc FARMC/MOSRA and PAMBSMR of Sagay City. Funds and program support were provided by the GOJTF (8100-T-RD-SE0105, SE0110, and SE0015). The authors acknowledge the inputs from GOJTF Co-Managers Dr. Koichi Okuzawa, Dr. Hiroshi Ogata, Dr. Teruo Azuma, Dr. Takuro Shibuno, Dr. Chihaya Nakayasu, and Dr. Koh-ichiro Mori
Sustainable aquaculture and resource enhancement in Myanmar
Get PDFMyanmar is located in a rising global fish demand zone for both processing and fish consumption, and has relatively rich land, water and coastal resources, as well as a diversity of agro-climatic conditions. Myanmar has taken its first major step towards developing a sustainable aquaculture industry that will meet domestic nutritional needs and support the fishery export business at a time when wild fish stocks are declining rapidly since 1990. At that time, Myanmar fishery sector has effectively performed for raising aquaculture production capacity in different States and Regions. Recently, freshwater aquaculture is into commercial production of over 20 species and nearly 10 species of indigenous species were successfully done at experimental scale. Most of the Myanmar people live in rural areas and they can easily access fishery resources in their place for daily food needs and create jobs. The aquaculture sector has been performing priority projects towards sustainable management of marine and freshwater fisheries to address overexploitation and climate change impact.
Myanmar DOF has initiated projects to ensure food security, food safety, and environment friendly and sustainable development of aquaculture sector through cooperation with local, regional and international organizations. Myanmar aquaculture sector would like to need improve aquaculture value chains, environmental sustainability, and competency of staff. This could be done through application of advanced technology and cooperation with international organizations through research and development programs for seed production in marine finfish
Understanding biosecurity: Knowledge, attitudes and practices of seaweed farmers in the Philippines
No full textFarmers are one of the most important components of any plant-based cultivation industry. The Philippines is one of the world’s major producers of red carrageenophyte algae and has tens of thousands of farmers involved in this industry. The production of algae such as Kappaphycus and Eucheuma increased significantly from the early 1970s, when the industry was established, before declining from the mid-2000s, due to a number of reasons, including disease and epiphyte outbreaks. The introduction of biosecurity measures has been one approach used to tackle this decline. Biosecurity-related knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of the seaweed farmers were assessed in the four highest seaweed producing regions in the Philippines: (1) Tawi-Tawi, (2) Palawan, (3) Zamboanga and (4) Bohol. Analyses showed that seaweed farmers from Tawi-Tawi had relatively higher KAP mean scores than the other three sites. Palawan and Bohol farmers, however, scored lower on their knowledge, higher on their attitude and highest on their practices compared with the other areas. Farmers from Zamboanga scored the lowest in both their attitude and practice mean scores, although their knowledge score was one of the highest. This is the first KAP assessment applied to the seaweed farming industry globally and the results, in which the farmers’ biosecurity-related knowledge and practices, which scored “Fair” (50–75%) across all the regions, and their attitudes, which scored predominantly “Good” (> 75%) suggest that there is potential to raise the score for biosecurity practices. This assessment highlights how biosecurity challenges are currently addressed by seaweed farmers in the Philippines and suggests how the KAP survey could be used as a tool by policymakers and scientists to address gaps in biosecurity management practices.This study was supported by the UK Research and Innovation—Global Challenges Research Fund (UKRI-GCRF) “GlobalSeaweedSTAR” Programme (Grant No. BB/P027806/1)
Genetic identification of all four mangrove mud crab species (genus Scylla) using multiple molecular markers
No full textMisleading identification and subsequent publications on biological, molecular, and aquaculture data of mangrove mud crab (genus Scylla de Hann 1833) is a major concern in many countries. In this study, multiple molecular markers were used for genetic identification of all four known mud crab species under genus Scylla collected from India, Philippines, Myanmar, Malaysia and Indonesia. Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS-1), Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) and PCR-based species-specific markers were used to resolve taxonomic ambiguity. PCR–RFLP techniques using NlaIV and BsaJI restriction endonucleases were efficient to differentiate four different mud crab species under genus Scylla with specific fragment profile. The results also justified the use of ITS-1 and PCR-based species-specific markers to identify mud crab species available in many countries quite rapidly and effectively. Several new molecular markers generated during the study are reported here to resolve the taxonomic ambiguity of Scylla species and the results reconfirmed that India is only having two commonly available mud crab species which was reported by the authors earlier
Country report - Singapore
Get PDFThe aquaculture industry produces about 10 % of Singapore’s annual local fish consumption. By 2030, the country’s goal is for the agri-food industry to produce 30 % of Singapore’s nutritional needs. In order to achieve this, the Marine Aquaculture Centre (MAC) spearheaded several research and development programmes such as the broodstock development of Asian seabass and large-scale fry production technology. MAC also provides technical support to local farms to adopt sustainable farming practices and technology. In 2019, the Singapore Food Agency (SFA) was formed to oversee all matters pertaining to food supply and safety, including seafood production from aquaculture. The National Centre for Food Safety (NCFS) of SFA and Centre for Animal and Veterinary Services (CAVS) under National Parks Board (NParks) provides support via their diagnostic and testing capabilities in the areas of food safety and animal health, respectively.
Based on the national surveillance program conducted by the SFA and NParks, the commonly reported diseases are viral, bacterial or parasitic infections. These include Benedeniosis, Big-Belly (BB) Disease Syndrome, infections with Streptococcus iniae and Tenacibaculum maritimum, Norcardiosis, Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN), and Infectious Spleen and Kidney Necrosis Virus (ISKNV). With the aim to control and manage the aquatic diseases in Singapore, control measures for major pathogens in fin fishes and crustaceans are being implemented. In addition, Aquatic Animal Health Professionals (AAHP) should undergo trainings in aquaculture farm biosecurity
Application of carriers and RNAi to enhance the antiviral immune response of shrimp to WSSV
Get PDFIn aquaculture, vaccination is one of the approaches for disease prevention and control. The aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy of a VP28 double stranded RNA (VP28 dsRNA) and recombinant VP28 protein (rVP28) administered together as an antiviral treatment against WSSV. Double-stranded RNA was produced in RNAsedeficient Escherichia coli HT115 following published methods. To determine the appropriate dose, different concentrations of dsRNA ranging between 0.2 μg and 20 μg, were either injected intramuscularly or delivered orally to the shrimp via the feed ration. Thereafter, the shrimp were challenged with WSSV either by injection (LD50=10-7 dilution of the gill tissue filtrate) or bath immersion (LD50=10-4 dilution of the filtrate) in glass aquaria and transferred to fiberglass tanks for daily monitoring and recording of mortalities. Results showed significant differences in survival between PBS and the 0.2, 10, and 20 μg dsRNA/shrimp doses. Time to 100 % mortality significantly differed among the treatments with the control reaching mortality earlier (day 4) while shrimp injected with 0.2 and 10 μg dsRNA succumbed to WSSV much later on days 9–12. Different frequencies of dsRNA administration were also tested. The best result obtained was a dose of 20 μg/shrimp administered 4 times over 28 days (2 times before and 2 times during challenge for a total 80 μg/shrimp). Finally, VP28 dsRNA was combined with rVP28 at ratios of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 3:1, and 2:1, entrapped in chitosan microparticles and delivered per os via the feed according to the dose and frequency as previously determined. Following bath exposure challenge with WSSV, the best survival obtained in trials 1 and 2 was 40 % and 43 % at 1:3 VP28 dsRNA to rVP28 ratio.We are indebted to the Government of Japan-Trust Fund for the grant funds (study code: FH-03-C2015T) and SEAFDEC/AQD management for the financial and moral support. We are also thankful to the Fish Health Section for assistance in various analyses